1 . A teenager of 17 walks into a corner store and grabs a Coca-Cola, but the cashier refuses to sell it to him because he is underage. That rule is expected to soon become reality in parts of Mexico, as lawmakers in several states push legislation (立法)to keep junk food away from children. know it can sound a bit difficult but we have to take action now," says Lopez, a lawmaker in Oaxaca's Congress.

More than 70,000 Mexicans have died from COVID-19, the world's fourth-highest recorded death toll, tracked by Johns Hopkins University. 89% of those who died in Mexico had an underlying medical condition such as obesity, diabetes (糖尿病)，high blood pressure and heart problems. That has led to a new urgency to change diets so that the younger generation doesn't suffer those illnesses.

The critics, however, say the leaders are using preexisting health conditions in COVID-19 patients to distract from a weak government response to the virus outbreak. Yet few people would deny that the country consumes large amounts of sugar-sweetened drinks and processed snacks with little nutrition --- or that Mexico has a major weight problem.

Oaxaca's governor approved the state's junk food prohibition last week. Legislators still have to complete the legal systems, and punishment could include fines and even jail. Lopez says legislators from all over the country have called her for advice. Many other states are debating a junk food ban. However, a nationwide law would not be easy. "There are powerful commercial interests that least want it to happen, but we must prioritize the well-being of our children,"   Lopez says.

1. What is Lopez 's attitude towards the junk food?

A．Negative.	B．Neutral.
C．Positive.	D．Indifferent.

2. What does the underlined word "distract" mean in paragraph 3?

A．Keep distance.	B．Avoid illnesses.
C．Break away.	D．Shift attention.

3. Which of the following statements is true?

A．Selling children junk food has been banned nationwide in Mexico.

B．Most Mexicans who died of COVID-19 had other health problems.

C．The younger generation doesn't suffer any weight problems.

D．People who break the prohibition in Oaxaca will only be warned.

4. According to the last paragraph, who are most likely to oppose the legislation?

A．Teenagers.	B．Legislators.
C．Soft drink companies.	D．State governors.

2 . Families will be rewarded for the first time for putting out less rubbish under new plans to significantly promote recycling, especially of valuable materials like glass.

The new plan for collecting waste in England will scrap fines (罚款) for putting plastic in the wrong recycling bin. Instead, families will be offered rewards for recycling more rubbish measured by a microchip (芯片) in the rubbish bin. Caroline Spelman, an Environment Secretary, said, “It is better to use a plan that offers people rewards, rather than punishing them. We want to help those people who want to do the right thing by reducing waste and recycling at home. This means making sure communities are getting the collection services they want and not punishing hard-working families who make mistakes by putting bins out on the wrong day or leaving the waste in the wrong recycling bin.”

Though the punishment for putting waste in the wrong recycling bin has been given up, plans to try and remove the unpopular twice-a-week bin collections have largely failed despite the efforts of Eric Pickles, a Communities Secretary. Although Mrs. Spelman made it clear that communities will be supported in efforts to increase the times of collections, and the Conservative Party will not force local authorities to return to weekly collections. Most communities expect the introduction of weekly rubbish collections, as this will solve some of the problems about environment.

“We will continue to help local communities develop local solutions to collecting and dealing with family waste and will work with communities to meet families’ reasonable expectations for weekly collections, particularly of smelly waste.” said Mrs. Spelman.

1. What will families be rewarded for in future?

A．Producing less rubbish.	B．Putting bins out on the right day.
C．Throwing rubbish into the bin.	D．Leaving rubbish in the wrong recycling bin.

2. Which can replace the underlined word “scrap” in Para.2?

A．reduce

B．remove

C．increase

D．pay

3. What can we know from what Mrs. Spelman said?

A．The Conservative Party refuses the weekly collection.

B．Both Rewards and punishment should be carried out.

C．Local solutions to collecting family waste will be stopped.

D．People will not be punished for putting rubbish wrongly.

4. Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from?

A．Travel.

B．Literature.

C．Environment.

D．Medicine.

3 . E-cigarettes Ban:Good news for Tobacco?

The proposed ban on flavored e-cigarettes may drive many Americans back to cigarettes,said Christopher Palmeri and Jeff Green in the Los Ange Times.

Responding to an outbreak of hundreds of serious lung illnesses from vapes(电子烟)that killed a seventh person this week, FDA(食物药品监管局)will outlaw everything but tobacco-flavored-cigarettes, as Michigan and New York state recently did. Flavors like buttered popcorn and mango helped create "an explosion" in teen vaping. But hundreds of thousands of teens already addicted to nicotine-and 9 million adults who vape--may simply replace vaping with tobacco products. By banning favored vapes the government may be "closing the shed door after the horse has gotten out."

Nobody vapes "because the flavor is so amazing," said David Marcus in The Federalist com. That's why the ban is so clueless."If kids want to taste bubble gum,they can buy,you know,bubble gum." Vaping giants like Juul need to be honest about the fact that they’re in the nicotine business, and monitor themselves accordingly. They should spend billions ensuring that stores don’t sell to minors instead of touting the "scientific conclusion"that e-cigarettes are safer than smoking. The burning involved in smoking cigarettes creates tar and a bunch of chemicals not present in e-cigarettes' watery vapor. True, but nicotine is also a dangerous and addictive drug and vaping liquid itself contains chemicals that damage blood vessels(血管)."The idea of safe smoking" is"a lie," and the vaping industry's fruit- and candy-flavored pods" are proof of evil intent."

"The massive increase in teen vapers" is a reasonable concern, said Robert Gebelhoff in Washington Post.com.But the evidence suggests that the lung illnesses that led the government to act were caused by black-market products cut with dangerous substance.Banning favored vapes will only drive more nicotine addicts and teens to the black market,which will be happy to provide fruity pods. Instead of banning flavors, the government "should empower the FDA to fully regulate the industry." That would let science,"not panic,guide our policy."

1. What led to the proposed ban on e-cigarettes?

A．Popular flavors like mango led to teen nicotine addiction.

B．The lack of proper legal supervision in the vaping industry.

C．An increased number of deaths resulting from lung diseases.

D．The sharp increase in the sale of unhealthy tobacco products.

2. What might happen if the ban takes effect?

A．FDA would regulate the tobacco industry more effectively.

B．The vaping industry would be more strictly monitored.

C．The evil intent of the vaping industry would be revealed.

D．The tobacco industry might regain its previous glory.

3. The underlined word "touting"probably means________.

A．Promoting

B．challenging

C．assuming

D．tolerating

4. What is the writer's attitude towards vape ban?

A．Supportive.

B．Disapproving

C．Uninterested

D．Impartial.

4 . The act of social distancing has become an effective protective measure against the novel coronavirus and a part of everyday life across the world. Many countries have launched different social distancing measures. Some are strict while others are creative. Let’s take a look at three special quarantine (隔离) measures around the world.

Panama

With more than 3,000 confirmed cases by April 12, Panama has announced strict quarantine measures. One of them is to separate people by gender to go out.

Starting in April, males in the country are required to leave home on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday while females can go out on Monday, Wednesday and Friday every week. No one is allowed to go out on Sundays. To further prevent the spread of COVID-19, citizens are able to leave their homes for only two hours at a time. But according to the Guardian, the restriction measures do not apply to civil servants or her important staff who are battling against the novel coronavirus on the frontline.

Colombia

ID numbers are unique identification tools for individuals, but they may also be used to decide when people can go out in Colombia during the novel coronavirus epidemic. According to the BBC, people in some Colombian towns are allowed to be outside based on the last digit (数字) of their national ID number. For example, in northwest-central Colombia, Barrancabermeja, people with an ID number ending in zero, four or seven are allowed to leave the house on Monday, while those with an ID number ending in one, five or eight can go outside on Tuesday.

France

Though outdoor exercise is a good way to keep healthy, it can sometimes cause too many people to gather in one place. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, Paris has forbidden all outdoor exercise between 10 am and 7 pm. Outside of this time span, people are allowed to exercise individually as long as it’s for less than an hour and within one kilometer of their home. If people break the rule, they will face fines of between €135 ( about 1,040 yuan) and €375.

1. What can we learn about Panama’s social distancing measures?

A．All citizens should follow the rules of going out by gender.

B．Ordinary citizens can stay outside for at most two hours at a time.

C．Civil servants are allowed to go out every day except on Sundays.

D．None can go out for dinner, starting in April.

2. Which group is allowed to go out on Tuesdays in Barrancabermeja, during the epidemic?

A．Females.

B．Males.

C．Those with an ID number ending in one, five or eight.

D．Those with an ID number ending in zero, four or seven.

3. Which of the following follows the rules in France?

A．Cycling around one’s home at 6 pm.	B．Playing badminton in front of one’s house at noon.
C．Playing basketball with friends at 9 pm.	D．Jogging alone near one’s home from 8 am to 8:30 am.

5 . In England and Wales, motorists will face stronger punishments for driving under the influence of drugs as new laws take effect on Monday.

Drivers will be accused if they are caught going over the new legal limits for eight illegal drugs and eight prescription drugs.

Police will use ‘drugalysers’ to screen for cannabis and cocaine at the roadside, and they will be able to test for other drugs including ecstasy, LSD, ketamine and heroin at a police station. The Department of Transport (DoT) hopes to roll out more comprehensive roadside drugalysers at a later date.

People using prescription drugs, including morphine and methadone, will not be punished as long as levels are below those defined by the new law. The levels for illegal drugs are set much lower, with even a small amount leading to accusation.

The new law will complement existing rules, which make it an offence to drive when influenced by any drug.

A crime for drug-driving will lead to a minimum one-year driving ban, a fine of up to £5,000 ($7,700, 6,860 euros), up to six months in prison and a criminal record, the DoT said.

The offender’s driving licence will also highlight the drug-driving crime for 11 years.

1. What’s the function of drugalysers ?

A．To examine the cannabis and cocaine .	B．To help the police to arrest the criminals.
C．To show how dangerous drug-driving is.	D．To help the drivers drive within the limits.

2. What can we know from paragraph 4?

A．Which drivers should be fined.	B．Prescription drugs are used legally.
C．How long a driver may be stopped driving.	D．In which situation drivers can not be punished.

3. What kind of punishment will be given to the drivers for drug driving?

A．They need record the criminal.	B．They can get as much as £5,000.
C．They must stop driving for at least one year .	D．They must work in the prison up to six months.

4. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．The laws in England and wales.	B．The drugalysers along the roadside.
C．New drug-driving laws have taken effect.	D．The reasons why the drivers will be punished.

6 . Many cities and towns have laws that require people to recycle paper and plastics. Now some state and local governments have passed laws that require citizens to recycle their food waste as well. California and Vermont have statewide laws about recycling food waste that apply to businesses and homes. The process of recycling food waste and turning it into usable soil is called composting (堆制肥料).

Food waste that can be composted includes fruit and vegetable peels, coffee grounds, tea bags, and eggshells. Garden waste such as stems and leaves can also be composted. Meat, fish, and dairy food waste cannot be recycled.

According to environmental groups, composting reduces the amount of trash going into landfills, and composted waste holds a wide range of nutrients (营养物). When compost is added to the soil in gardens and fields, it helps crops grow. 

Reducing the amount of waste that goes into landfills is one reason why cities and states are passing food-waste recycling laws. “Our landfills are far from enough for the creation of new ones is shrinking.” Renee Crowley, a project manager at the Lower East Side Ecology Center in New York City, told TFK.

Officials in Seattle, Washington, say that food waste makes up 30% of the trash going into landfills, and they are looking to reduce that percentage. That city has a law requiring people to recycle food waste. It is banned from all garbage. There is a fine (罚款) for people who put it into regular garbage.

Those who are against food-recycling laws say that the composting process is costly. In addition, it can be difficult for people who live in apartments to store their waste because they don’t have access to outside storage bins. Patti Ferguson from Orange County, California, told her local newspaper that she thought an indoor container containing food waste would get smelly.

1. What do we know about composting from the text?

A．Leaves can’t be reused.	B．Not all food waste can be composted.
C．It is cheap to compost food waste.	D．It is usually processed in empty landfills.

2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A．Benefits of recycling food waste.	B．Ways of keeping nutrients in the soil.
C．Ways of reducing the amount of trash.	D．Examples of different useful nutrients.

3. In Seattle, throwing food waste into garbage is _____.

A．acceptable

B．shameful

C．required

D．illegal

4. What’s Patti Ferguson’s attitude towards food-recycling laws probably?

A．Thankful.

B．Negative.

C．Uncaring.

D．Supportive.

7 . We talk a lot about air pollution. Here in Hong Kong we always complain about light pollution as well. Then, there is noise pollution. It's the same in many cities around the world. In Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, people have been complaining about/the noise made by drivers who continually sound their car horns(喇). That is until recently, when something was finally done about it.

The Chief District Officer of Kathmandu had received many complaints about horn pollution. He said that everyone felt the use of the car horn in recent years had become excessive. Researchers in Kathmandu found that for about 80 percent of the time, it really was not necessary for drivers to use their car horns. Sounding the horn to make a noise had become more of a habit. It was no longer being used as it was supposed to be used: to warn people of danger.

At the beginning of the Nepali New Year in 2017, the local government passed a law to ban the use of car horns unless used correctly.

Within six months, 11,000 fines(罚款) had been collected by the local traffic police. The e fine was about HK S360. A taxi driver in Kathmandu can make about HK S1, 000 per day, so he could lose about one-third of his money if he broke the law.

As usual, there were many complaints from drivers. They said that cows and dogs were free to walk on the roads. They always caused danger. Sounding a car horn was the only way to get them to move out of the way. And although there were quite a few traffic lights in the streets of Kathmandu, very few of them worked. This meant there was often a traffic mess.

The ban on using a car horn went ahead, and within a few weeks the streets of Nepal's capital were quieter-even though they were still just as busy. Because of the ban, drivers are a little more careful when they drive. Fewer accidents have been reported. The local government says the horn ban will now be copied in other areas of Nepal.

1. What do Hong Kong and Kathmandu have in common?

A．Both have been troubled by factory pollution.

B．Both have succeeded in fighting air pollution.

C．Both have been faced with the problem of noise pollution.

D．Both have received many complaints about horn pollution.

2. What do the Researchers in Kathmandu found?

A．Car drivers usually use car horns unnecessarily.

B．The cars are becoming more and more.

C．Care drivers use car horns as a warning.

D．Everyone complain about the horn pollution.

3. When was the law on the use of car horns passed?

A．In 2016.	B．In 2017.
C．ln 2018.	D．In 2019.

4. What will you find if you go to Kathmandu?

A．No traffic lights in the streets can work.

B．The traffic on the roads is usually very heavy.

C．Animals are not allowed to walk on the streets.

D．Drivers are required to drive on one-way streets.

5. What can we guess about Kathmandu's horn ban?

A．It is unfair.	B．It is worrying.
C．It is interesting.	D．It is successful.

8 . What happens when the right to know comes up against the right not to know? The ease of genetic testing has brought this question to light. Two _______ legal cases－one in Britain, the other in Germany － stand to alter the way medicine is practised.

Both cases involve Huntington’s disease (HD). whose _______ include loss of co-ordination (协调), mood changes and cognitive (认知的) decline. It develops between the ages of 30 and 50, and is eventually fatal. Every child of an _______ parent has a 50% chance of inheriting it.

In the British case, _______ for trial at the High Court in London in November, a woman known as ABC-to protect the _______ of her daughter, who is a minor-is charging a London hospital, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, for not _______ her father’s diagnosis of HD with her. ABC was pregnant at the time of his diagnosis, in 2009. She argues that had she been aware of it, she would have stopped the pregnancy. As it was, she found out only after giving birth to her daughter. She later tested _______ for HD.

The German case is in some ways the mirror image of the British one. Unlike in Britain, in Germany the right not to know genetic information is protected in law. _______ , in 2011 a doctor informed a woman that her divorced husband - the doctor's patient - had tested positive for HD. This meant their two children were _______   the disease. She accused the doctor, who had acted with his patient's permission. Both children being minors at the time, they could not legally be tested for the disease, which, as the woman’s lawyers pointed out, is currently     ________. They argued that she was therefore helpless to act on the information, and ________ suffered a reactive depression that prevented her from working.

Both cases test a legal grey area. If the right to know is ________ recognized in Britain later this year, that may remove some uncertainties, but it will also create new ones. To what lengths should doctors go to track down and inform family members, ________?

It is the law’s job to ________ these rights for the modern age. When the law falls behind technology, somebody often pays the price, and currently that somebody is ________ . As these two cases demonstrate, they find themselves in a difficult situation - charged if they do, accused if they don't.

1.

A．remarkable

B．distinct

C．contrasting

D．dominant

2.

A．consequences

B．symptoms

C．indications

D．diagnoses

3.

A．influenced

B．affected

C．inherited

D．annoyed

4.

A．scheduled

B．determined

C．approved

D．implemented

5.

A．possession

B．status

C．health

D．identity

6.

A．revealing

B．sharing

C．reminding

D．concealing

7.

A．convinced

B．suspicious

C．infected

D．positive

8.

A．Nevertheless

B．Thus

C．Additionally

D．Fundamentally

9.

A．in advance of

B．in the course of

C．at the close of

D．at the risk of

10.

A．inevitable

B．inextinguishable

C．incurable

D．intolerable

11.

A．as a result

B．after all

C．above all

D．in return

12.

A．financially

B．academically

C．legally

D．culturally

13.

A．on occasion

B．by comparison

C．in effect

D．for example

14.

A．reserve

B．balance

C．defend

D．draft

15.

A．lawmakers

B．victims

C．patients

D．doctors

9 . When your alarm clock rings and you drag yourself out of bed, you probably wonder： Why on earth does school have to start so early?

Fortunately, there is a new law to support—or better still, science.

A law in California, passed on Oct 13, requires that public middle schools begin classes no earlier than 8：00 am and that high schools start no earlier than 8：30 am. The law will go into effect by July 1, 2022.

Starting school at 8：00 or 8：30 in the morning may not sound like too big of a change, but it could mean one more hour of sleep for students who used to start school at 7:30 or even earlier.

"The effect of that one hour is something they will be feeling as 40-year-old adults," Sumit Bhargava, a sleep expert at Stanford University, told The New York Times. He said that not having enough sleep can affect students' mental health and increase the risk of being overweight and diabetes （糖尿病）.

In the short run, students' school performances should improve almost immediately. Kyla Wahlstrom, a researcher at the University of Minnesota's College of Education, found that students who have enough sleep are alert in class and get much more satisfying grades.

Some might say that asking students to go to bed earlier could have been a much easier solution than changing the school timetable across an entire state. But according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, teenagers go through biological changes when they enter puberty （青春期）,which makes it difficult for them to fall asleep before 11：00 pm. So when school starts at 8：00 or earlier, they can hardly get the ideal 8.5-9.5 hours of sleep that experts suggest they need to do their best in the daytime.

This is why when the new law came out, its author, Anthony Portantino, said, "Generations of children will come to appreciate this historic day and our governor for taking action."

1. Which of the following is TRUE about the law?

A．The law has not been put into practice.

B．The law requires schools to start later than 8：30am.

C．The law will be passed by July 1, 2022.

D．The law is made by a university in California.

2. What does the underlined word alert in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

A．Friendly.	B．Sharp.
C．Calm.	D．Honest.

3. For a better academic performance in the daytime, how long do teenagers probably need to sleep?

A．About 8 hours.	B．About 9 hours.
C．At least 10 hours.	D．At most 8. 5 hours.

4. What's the main idea of the text?

A．Lack of sleep could lead to health problems.

B．The amount of sleep people need changes with age.

C．A new law lets students sleep longer.

D．Sleeping problems are leading problems for teenagers.

10 . French children are saying "Hello" to the new academic year and "Bye" to their cell phones during school hours． That's because a new law has come into effect which bans phone use by students up to the age of 15． The legislation， which follows a campaign promise by French President Emmanuel Macron， also bans tablets and smart watches．

The ban is also in place at break times， with exceptions in cases of emergency and for disabled children， the French Education Ministry said in a statement． In emergencies， students can ask their teachers for permission to use their phones． Meanwhile， high schools can voluntarily carry out the measure．

Education Minister Jean-Michel Blanquer said the new rules aim to help children focus on lessons， better socialize and reduce social media use． The ban is also designed to fight online bullying and prevent thefts and violence in school． Blanquer has claimed the legislation would improve discipline among France's 12 million school students， nearly 90% of whom have mobile phones． "Being open to technologies of the future doesn't mean we have to accept all their uses，" Blanquer said in June as the bill was going through in Parliament．

As for enforcement， it's up to individual school administrations to decide how to put through the ban． School principals can decide to store students' phones in lockers or allow them to keep them， switched off， in their backpacks． The law allows teachers to take away the phones until the end of the day in case of someone disobeying the bans．

Jacqueline Kay-Cessou， whose 14-year-old son， David， is entering eighth grade at the Camille See International School， told the reporter she was happy to hear of the ban． "It's fantastic news． It's something I've wanted for years，" Kay-Ccssou said． "I think phones are socially harmful． Kids can't think and sit still anymore and it's highly addictive．"

1. What is the new rule for ordinary French students in the new term？ ______

A．They are not allowed to use their watches．

B．They should follow President Macron．

C．They should say "Hello" to school teachers．

D．They can't use their cell phones at school．

2. What is the opinion of Jean-Michel Blanquer？ ______

A．Cell phones are the main reason for school violence．

B．The society should be strict with the school students．

C．New technology should be properly applied at school．

D．None of the young students should have mobile phones．

3. Who is/are responsible for carrying out the ban？ ______

A．The school administrators．	B．The student monitors．
C．The students' parents．	D．The Education Minister．

4. What is the purpose of the last paragraph？ ______

A．To show the parental response to the ban．

B．To provide a conclusion for the text．

C．To offer an example for the new law．

D．To make a list of cell phone's harms．