1 . In England and Wales, motorists will face stronger punishments for driving under the influence of drugs as new laws take effect on Monday.

Drivers will be accused if they are caught going over the new legal limits for eight illegal drugs and eight prescription drugs.

Police will use ‘drugalysers’ to screen for cannabis and cocaine at the roadside, and they will be able to test for other drugs including ecstasy, LSD, ketamine and heroin at a police station. The Department of Transport (DoT) hopes to roll out more comprehensive roadside drugalysers at a later date.

People using prescription drugs, including morphine and methadone, will not be punished as long as levels are below those defined by the new law. The levels for illegal drugs are set much lower, with even a small amount leading to accusation.

The new law will complement existing rules, which make it an offence to drive when influenced by any drug.

A crime for drug-driving will lead to a minimum one-year driving ban, a fine of up to £5,000 ($7,700, 6,860 euros), up to six months in prison and a criminal record, the DoT said.

The offender’s driving licence will also highlight the drug-driving crime for 11 years.

1. What’s the function of drugalysers ?

A．To examine the cannabis and cocaine .	B．To help the police to arrest the criminals.
C．To show how dangerous drug-driving is.	D．To help the drivers drive within the limits.

2. What can we know from paragraph 4?

A．Which drivers should be fined.	B．Prescription drugs are used legally.
C．How long a driver may be stopped driving.	D．In which situation drivers can not be punished.

3. What kind of punishment will be given to the drivers for drug driving?

A．They need record the criminal.	B．They can get as much as £5,000.
C．They must stop driving for at least one year .	D．They must work in the prison up to six months.

4. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．The laws in England and wales.	B．The drugalysers along the roadside.
C．New drug-driving laws have taken effect.	D．The reasons why the drivers will be punished.

2 . Many cities and towns have laws that require people to recycle paper and plastics. Now some state and local governments have passed laws that require citizens to recycle their food waste as well. California and Vermont have statewide laws about recycling food waste that apply to businesses and homes. The process of recycling food waste and turning it into usable soil is called composting (堆制肥料).

Food waste that can be composted includes fruit and vegetable peels, coffee grounds, tea bags, and eggshells. Garden waste such as stems and leaves can also be composted. Meat, fish, and dairy food waste cannot be recycled.

According to environmental groups, composting reduces the amount of trash going into landfills, and composted waste holds a wide range of nutrients (营养物). When compost is added to the soil in gardens and fields, it helps crops grow. 

Reducing the amount of waste that goes into landfills is one reason why cities and states are passing food-waste recycling laws. “Our landfills are far from enough for the creation of new ones is shrinking.” Renee Crowley, a project manager at the Lower East Side Ecology Center in New York City, told TFK.

Officials in Seattle, Washington, say that food waste makes up 30% of the trash going into landfills, and they are looking to reduce that percentage. That city has a law requiring people to recycle food waste. It is banned from all garbage. There is a fine (罚款) for people who put it into regular garbage.

Those who are against food-recycling laws say that the composting process is costly. In addition, it can be difficult for people who live in apartments to store their waste because they don’t have access to outside storage bins. Patti Ferguson from Orange County, California, told her local newspaper that she thought an indoor container containing food waste would get smelly.

1. What do we know about composting from the text?

A．Leaves can’t be reused.	B．Not all food waste can be composted.
C．It is cheap to compost food waste.	D．It is usually processed in empty landfills.

2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A．Benefits of recycling food waste.	B．Ways of keeping nutrients in the soil.
C．Ways of reducing the amount of trash.	D．Examples of different useful nutrients.

3. In Seattle, throwing food waste into garbage is _____.

A．acceptable

B．shameful

C．required

D．illegal

4. What’s Patti Ferguson’s attitude towards food-recycling laws probably?

A．Thankful.

B．Negative.

C．Uncaring.

D．Supportive.