1. What is the city’s law against?
| A．Walking dogs in the streets. | B．Cruelty to dogs. | C．Leaving mess from dogs. |
| A．Unconcerned (不关心的). | B．Supportive (支持的). | C．Doubtful (怀疑的). |
Besides such ethical concerns, the legal situations the autonomous vehicle industry is likely to be confronted with have
3 . Since the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was passed in 1973, it has helped hundreds of species avoid extinction in the United States. The strong conservation policy has been used as a model in other countries. But it’s not as successful as it could be, a new study finds.
Researchers have discovered that most species are not being protected until their numbers became so small that their chance of recovery is slim.
In 1993, a study found that few species received protection under the ESA until their populations dwindled to very tiny numbers: on average, just 1,075 individuals for vertebrates (脊椎动物), 999 for invertebrates, and 120 for individuals for plant species.
For the new study, researchers repeated the methods in the earlier research to see if protections have become better since the problem was first noted. They also looked at trends in “wait times” — the amount of time between when a species is identified as potentially needing protection and when it actually receives protection under the ESA.
The researchers found that the population sizes of species when they first became protected under the ESA are not statistically different from those in the 1993 study. The findings showed that the population of vertebrates when listed is 999 individuals, invertebrates is 536, and plants is 192.
They also discovered that there are long wait times between when a species is identified as likely needing protection and when they actually receive them.
There have been several thousand species listed on the ESA over the past nearly five decades, and 99% of the listed species have avoided going extinct. But researchers point out that only 54 species — like the bald eagle and American alligator — have recovered so well that they no longer need protection.
Researchers say that the findings are timely due to the upcoming December meeting of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The members will finalize a plan for conservation efforts globally through 2030.
Polls (民意调查) over the years have demonstrated that most Americans support a strong ESA to protect endangered (濒危的) wildlife. And the ESA has the strong policy, if used correctly, to do that.
1. What does the underlined word “dwindled” in paragraph 3 probably mean?| A．Adapted. | B．Reduced. | C．Limited. | D．Returned. |
| A．The problems that were noticed recently. |
| B．The method used in the earlier research. |
| C．The improvement of protective measures. |
| D．The duration animals that were under protection. |
| A．The population of protected species grows larger. |
| B．Many more species are listed as endangered animals. |
| C．The number of vertebrates grows faster than invertebrates. |
| D．Endangered species tend to wait long before getting protected. |
| A．It contributes to a plan. |
| B．It put forward more effective measures. |
| C．It discovered more endangered species. |
| D．It reflected the public’s wishes and dreams. |
4 . Mrs. Jones was over eighty, but she still drove her old car like a woman half her age. She loved driving very fast, and was proud of the fact
Then one day she nearly
When the judge had finished what he was
When she had
The judge took the
| A．which | B．that | C．when | D．this |
| A．about | B．on | C．for | D．to |
| A．kept | B．lost | C．missed | D．won |
| A．watched | B．after | C．followed | D．ran after |
| A．go | B．pass | C．run | D．rush |
| A．sure | B．indeed | C．certain | D．perhaps |
| A．Before | B．While | C．When | D．Until |
| A．too | B．very | C．so | D．quite |
| A．cause | B．reason | C．matter | D．trouble |
| A．light | B．lamp | C．sign | D．one |
| A．for | B．because | C．with | D．of |
| A．speaking | B．saying | C．talking | D．telling |
| A．holding | B．getting | C．carrying | D．bringing |
| A．took | B．brought | C．picked | D．chose |
| A．almost | B．hardly | C．successfully | D．successful |
| A．all | B．both | C．neither | D．either |
| A．turn | B．time | C．chance | D．job |
| A．thread | B．glasses | C．needles | D．needle |
| A．dismissed | B．passed | C．settled | D．studied |
| A．was | B．kept | C．seemed | D．remained |
5 . Traveling by subway can sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during rush hour. There are the times when you have to avoid cups of coffee that could spill (溅) on you. The smells of some passengers’ food are very strong, too. According to the Beijing subway passenger regulations, which went into effect on May 15th, passengers except babies and the sick are no longer allowed to eat or drink on the subway. Violators (违反者) who do not stop after being asked to will be asked to get off. The violation will also be recorded in the violators’ credit record.
Some support the rule. The reason is that the smell of food and drink can annoy other passengers. “The smell of food fills the carriage, causing people discomfort, especially in the hot summer, Besides, eating on the subway produces rubbish. And on subway trains, people often spill their drinks,” said Zheng Yiou, 17, a student from Hefei.
However, others question this rule. “Some citizens live so far from their work places that they have limited time to have breakfast before they go to work. Eating while they travel saves them time and decreases the chance that they will be late for work,” He Songlin, a 17-year-old student from Chengdu said, “And some people, like those with low- blood sugar levels, get sick if they can’t eat when they must.”
Other Chinese cities like Nanjing and Chengdu have similar regulations. Some foreign cities also ban eating and drinking on the subway. For example, eating and drinking have long been banned on the subway in Washington DC. Singapore fines people who eat or drink on the subway up to 500 Singapore dollars, which is RMB 2,417 yuan.
Chen Yanyan, a professor from Beijing University of Technology, believed we should consider the need of some people to eat or drink on the subway. “Commuters (上班族) and travelers are sometimes too busy to eat. Maybe we could learn from Tokyo, where there are many subway stations equipped with services, allowing passengers to eat and drink,” she said.
1. In which city was subway passenger regulations carried out on May 15th?| A．Chengdu. | B．Nanjing. |
| C．Washington DC. | D．Beijing. |
| A．Eating on the subway. | B．Drinking on the subway. |
| C．Being fined up to 2417 yuan. | D．Being asked to get off the train. |
| A．Worried. | B．Sympathetic. |
| C．Doubtful. | D．Uninterested |
| A．Food and Drink Banned on Subway. |
| B．The Adventure of Subway Traveling |
| C．Ways to Eat and Drink on Subway. |
| D．The Services on Subway Stations |
