1 . 三角学起源于土地和天文学中的测量.1752年,法国天文学家拉卡伊(1713-1762)和他的学生拉朗德(1732-1807)利用三角测量法首次精确地计算出地月距离.他们的测量方案是:拉卡伊和拉朗德分别来到观测地德国柏林(A点)和非洲南端的好望角(
点),这两个地方经度相近,可看做在同一经度线上,纬度分别是北纬
度和南纬
度,他们同一时间分别在这两个地方进行观测.如图所示,当夜幕降临时,月亮从地平线上越升越高,当它到达最高点,即
是平面四边形时,在A点(柏林)测出月亮的天顶距
(即离开头顶方向的角度),在
点(好望角)测出月亮的天顶距
.在
中求出
,和
,在此基础上,解
,求出地月距离的近似值
或
.设地球的半径为
,利用测量方案中提供的数据(
,
,
,
,
),求:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/9/f0e204c4-a785-4edc-91a8-0d88f67d30f4.png?resizew=184)
(1)
和
;
(2)
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/943b765718479c160ba61ec5c6f8c5f4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e29bf5652f0d4f764c3606efcdb445f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/866b81a8384cce4f24867baca2e6820c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f52a58fbaf4fea03567e88a9f0f6e37e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3daae8ec60b2b1f7577dee687247cebb.png)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/60ef95894ceebaf236170e8832dcf7e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0dc5c9827dfd0be5a9c85962d6ccbfb1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/943b765718479c160ba61ec5c6f8c5f4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e29bf5652f0d4f764c3606efcdb445f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e12ee28006ffc4b287e6762b01608852.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fc43aea5dd0fef2081e399adb23560e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/9/f0e204c4-a785-4edc-91a8-0d88f67d30f4.png?resizew=184)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f52a58fbaf4fea03567e88a9f0f6e37e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3daae8ec60b2b1f7577dee687247cebb.png)
(2)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0dc5c9827dfd0be5a9c85962d6ccbfb1.png)
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