1 . 欧几里得生活的时期人们就发现了椭圆有如下的光学性质:由椭圆一焦点射出的光线经椭圆内壁反射后必经过另一焦点
现有一椭圆
,长轴长为
,从一个焦点
发出的一条光线经椭圆内壁上一点
反射之后恰好与
轴垂直,且
.
(1)求椭圆
的标准方程;
(2)已知
为该椭圆的左顶点,若斜率为
且不经过点
的直线
与椭圆
交于
,
两点,记直线
,
的斜率分别为
,且满足
.
①证明:直线
过定点;
②若
,求
的值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c90282d4a37c9a20620d4bbb0c263cae.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ad523e69a1bf925e73a22900b9855df2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b8860d9787671b53b1ab68b3d526f5ca.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a0ed1ec316bc54c37c4286c208f55667.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bca20564a958c33a73efc452446a3669.png)
(1)求椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
(2)已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f0a532e15e232cb4b99a8d4d07c89575.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d50703c46b6153945d718b198f03b4b5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f50b3ae183997b707d16eb4e7f6712fa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c407500c3f3d395fdfdc366851ef3fac.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ed06be37684e5999b3378a09c7706b48.png)
①证明:直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
②若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e819674daea2109624a6f9858fdc604b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f0a532e15e232cb4b99a8d4d07c89575.png)
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2021-12-19更新
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2542次组卷
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7卷引用:吉林省通化市辉南县第一中学2021-2022学年高二上学期第三次月考数学试题
吉林省通化市辉南县第一中学2021-2022学年高二上学期第三次月考数学试题湖南省长沙市明德中学2023-2024学年高二下学期5月阶段性考试数学试题(已下线)专题25 欧几里得(已下线)专题25 圆锥曲线的光学性质及其应用 微点1 椭圆的光学性质及其应用(已下线)专题43 圆锥曲线中的仿射变换、非对称韦达、光学性质问题-2天津市第一中学2023届高三下学期第五次月考数学试题(已下线)重难点突破19 圆锥曲线中的仿射变换、非对称韦达、光学性质、三点共线问题(六大题型)-1
2023高三·全国·专题练习
2 . 已知椭圆C:
上、下顶点分别为
,且短轴长为
,T为椭圆上(除
外)任意一点,直线
的斜率之积为
,
,
分别为左、右焦点.
(1)求椭圆C的方程.
(2)“天眼”是世界上最大、最灵敏的单口径射电望远镜,它的外形像一口“大锅”,可以接收到百亿光年外的电磁信号.在“天眼”的建设中,用到了大量的圆锥曲线的光学性质,请以上面的椭圆C为代表,证明:由焦点
发出的光线射到椭圆上任意一点M后反射,反射光线必经过另一焦点
.(提示:光线射到曲线上某点并反射时,法线垂直于该点处的切线)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7dd54b9df3402ad91e2d34c40efe0c7a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/01c74a907dda6bb7d9d56d009d9df253.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/38387ba1cadfd3dfc4dea4ca9f613cea.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/01c74a907dda6bb7d9d56d009d9df253.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9be2c6a9778365a7467f6222b63c5fd0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d78fd95f89dec2d373fa57f02acd739f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5076289823db419f94e9c0c8f4aafd9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a3fb78c5f885034612c0e030b920143d.png)
(1)求椭圆C的方程.
(2)“天眼”是世界上最大、最灵敏的单口径射电望远镜,它的外形像一口“大锅”,可以接收到百亿光年外的电磁信号.在“天眼”的建设中,用到了大量的圆锥曲线的光学性质,请以上面的椭圆C为代表,证明:由焦点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5076289823db419f94e9c0c8f4aafd9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a3fb78c5f885034612c0e030b920143d.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
3 . 阅读下列有关光线的入射与反射的两个事实现象:现象(1)光线经平面镜反射满足入射角与反射角相等(如图);现象(2)光线从椭圆的一个焦点出发经椭圆反射后通过另一个焦点(如图).试结合,上述事实现象完成下列问题:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/2/18505093-bd94-4131-b2f9-11beeccc5f9a.png?resizew=176)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/2/17620818-a34b-4a52-ae3a-791eeabf83a3.png?resizew=180)
(1)有一椭圆型台球桌,长轴长为
,短轴长为
.将一放置于焦点处的桌球击出.经过球桌边缘的反射(假设球的反射完全符合现象(2)),后第一次返回到该焦点时所经过的路程记为
,求
的值;
(2)过点
的直线
(直线
斜率不为
)与焦点在
轴,且长轴长为
,短轴长为
的椭圆
交于
、
两点,是否存在定点
,使得直线
与
斜率之积为定值,若存在求出
坐标;若不存在,请说明理由;
(3)结论:椭图
上任点
处的切线的方程为
.在直线
上任一点
向(2)中的椭圆
引切线,切点分别为
,
.求证:直线
恒过定点.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/2/18505093-bd94-4131-b2f9-11beeccc5f9a.png?resizew=176)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/2/17620818-a34b-4a52-ae3a-791eeabf83a3.png?resizew=180)
(1)有一椭圆型台球桌,长轴长为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6f8c4c029e552954bd493b49aeab82d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61128ab996360a038e6e64d82fcba004.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf231f8f86fb922df4ca0c87f044cec3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf231f8f86fb922df4ca0c87f044cec3.png)
(2)过点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/077855b1492bf35aac52f358e5e093ca.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c95b6be4554f03bf496092f1acdfbb89.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6f8c4c029e552954bd493b49aeab82d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61128ab996360a038e6e64d82fcba004.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acc290b44635265137fdf13146b6a6d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/883f23ab75b490d6e9e03b8ff8b269c7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5845ffc7d1af9053b027cf9e726f5367.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3171b3d11c6f4619e189677345357508.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
(3)结论:椭图
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d7aea48c44781a844b5c19191f70f61.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7775aa57ca0e62216f3039ed88dceed0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1a9656735f55e5de465e5667ba578d4e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f23d29646155e27b172ecdf263e2d702.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f52a58fbaf4fea03567e88a9f0f6e37e.png)
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2023-02-25更新
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324次组卷
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2卷引用:山东省淄博市临淄中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中数学试题
名校
4 . 阅读下列有关光线的入射与反射的两个事实现象:现象(1):光线经平面镜反射满足入射角与反射角相等(如图);现象(2);光线从椭圆的一个焦点出发经椭圆反射后通过另一个焦点(如图).试结合,上述事实现象完成下列问题:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/23/287d3a70-3baf-4787-9785-f7b48913ed5d.png?resizew=349)
(Ⅰ)有一椭圆型台球桌,长轴长为2a,短轴长为2b.将一放置于焦点处的桌球击出.经过球桌边缘的反射(假设球的反射充全符合现象(2)),后第一次返回到该焦点时所经过的路程记为S,求S的值(用a,b表示);
(Ⅱ)结论:椭圆
上任点P(x0,y0)处的切线的方程为
.记椭圆C的方程为C:
,在直线x=4上任一点M向椭圆C引切线,切点分别为A,B.求证:直线lAB恒过定点:
(Ⅲ)过点T(1,0)的直线l(直线l斜率不为0)与椭圆C:
交于P、Q两点,是否存在定点S(s,0),使得直线SP与SQ斜率之积为定值,若存在求出S坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/23/287d3a70-3baf-4787-9785-f7b48913ed5d.png?resizew=349)
(Ⅰ)有一椭圆型台球桌,长轴长为2a,短轴长为2b.将一放置于焦点处的桌球击出.经过球桌边缘的反射(假设球的反射充全符合现象(2)),后第一次返回到该焦点时所经过的路程记为S,求S的值(用a,b表示);
(Ⅱ)结论:椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d7aea48c44781a844b5c19191f70f61.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1a9656735f55e5de465e5667ba578d4e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fbf679418512d6ad973531df808fd267.png)
(Ⅲ)过点T(1,0)的直线l(直线l斜率不为0)与椭圆C:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fbf679418512d6ad973531df808fd267.png)
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2020-01-10更新
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3卷引用:重庆市主城区七校2018-2019学年高二上学期期末考试数学(理)试题
名校
5 . 定义:曲线
称为椭圆
的“倒椭圆”.已知椭圆
,它的“倒椭圆”
.
(1)写出“倒椭圆”
的一条对称轴、一个对称中心;并写出其上动点横坐标x的取值范围.
(2)过“倒椭圆”
上的点P,作直线PA垂直于x轴且垂足为点A,作直线PB垂直于y轴且垂足为点B,求证:直线AB与椭圆
只有一个公共点.
(3)是否存在直线l与椭圆
无公共点,且与“倒椭圆”
无公共点?若存在,请给出满足条件的直线l,并说明理由;若不存在,请说明理由.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6bd8e3b0bcd15e02d8762cd00e9dd0cc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d7aea48c44781a844b5c19191f70f61.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f036026cd92e9ad059c3f22a7658638.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/62f059befb299c1bfb96e8b90351b83c.png)
(1)写出“倒椭圆”
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
(2)过“倒椭圆”
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
(3)是否存在直线l与椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
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2019-11-16更新
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3卷引用:上海市控江中学2018-2019学年高二上学期期末质量调研数学试题