【推荐1】Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.

Some sports are resource-hungry (消耗资源). Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses (球场) in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.

There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes, and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.

Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements (代替物) for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.

1. Which of the following is the author most probably support?

A．Cycling around a lake.

B．Motor racing in the desert.

C．Playing basketball in a gym.

D．Swimming in a sports center.

2. What do we know about golf from the passage?

A．It pollutes the environment with all sorts of chemicals.

B．It needs water and other energy to keep its courses green.

C．It is very popular in Portugal and Spain.

D．It causes water shortages around the world.

3. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of power walking according to the passage?

A．It is environmentally-friendly.

B．It improves our health.

C．It is simple and free.

D．It can make you put on weight.

4. What does the underlined word “them” in the Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Resource-hungry sports.

B．Outdoors sports.

C．Environment-friendly sports.

D．Indoors sports.

5. What is the main purpose of writing the passage?

A．To show us some major outdoor sports.

B．To encourage us to go in for green sports.

C．To discuss the influence of some popular sports.

D．To introduce some environmentally-friendly sports.

【推荐1】The proportion of teenage and young adults smokers in China has been increasing rapidly in recent years, which is an alarming trend, the president of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Wang Chen said on Thursday.

Last year, 18.6 percent of people aged 15 to 24 in China were smokers, compared with 12. 5 percent in 2013 and 8.3 percent in 2003, Wang Chen said at a news conference on tobacco control. In contrast, tobacco prevalence among adults as a whole has been declining steadily in recent years-the percentage of smokers aged 15 and older last year in China was 26.6 percent, down from 27.7 percent in 2015, according to a report released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in May. Despite a general decline, the smoking rate in China is still higher than in most other countries, Wang said.

“What is most worrisome is the rising prevalence of tobacco among young people, which represents a country’s future,” he said. “Young smokers are very likely to keep the habit for their entire lives, which can cause huge health and economic consequences.”

Smoking has been regarded as a major culprit in many chronic diseases, and tobacco control has played a significant role in health promotion efforts made in recent years by the Chinese government, which aims to reduce the smoking rate for people aged 15 and older to 20 percent by 2030.

Wang said a lot of young people are still not aware of the harmful effects caused by smoking, and more education is needed to reduce the rising smoking rate. In addition, tobacco advertisements and rampant smoking footage in films and television series can also encourage smoking among teenagers and young adults, and they should be banned. “Key groups, such as medical staff, schoolteachers, government officials and parents, should take the lead in quitting smoking to help create a nonsmoking environment for teenagers and young adults,” he said.

1. What can we know from the numbers listed in para. 2?

A．Adult smokers has been increasing steadily.

B．People aged 15 and older are more likely to smoke.

C．The numbers of young smokers has been rising rapidly.

D．Smoking rate in China is higher than any other country.

2. What does the underlined word “culprit” in para. 4 probably mean?

A．reminder	B．issue
C．cause	D．crisis

3. What’s Wang Chen’s attitude to the phenomenon?

A．objective	B．concerned
C．indifferent	D．relieved

4. What’s the text mainly about?

A．Smoking rate among youth is rising.	B．Smoking accounts for many chronic diseases.
C．Smoking is harmful to our environment.	D．Smoking footage in films should be banned.

【推荐1】Most people who know about diabetes think there are two kinds: type l, which you are born with, and type 2, which you get later in life from eating too much. This isn't quite right, since the two types can occur at different life stages and for a number of reasons, but the broad distinction is well rooted in the public's mind.

Now some doctors want to change that and break the disease down into five subtypes (子类型), each with its own set of risk factors, outcomes and treatments. The new claim was made by researchers based in Sweden and Finland who assessed almost 15,000 people with diabetes in those countries. They found that these people fell into one of five categories based on their blood sugar, insulin (胰岛素) production and sensitivity, and their body mass index and age. The subgroups also vary genetically.

The researchers say that two of the subtypes are mild and can be largely treated with lifestyle changes and small amounts of a standard drug. People with the three more severe forms are more likely to develop eye and kidney disease, so treating them is a must.

So far, so good. After all, this is the way medicine is heading. The more we learn about common diseases, the more we realize there is huge variation in the way they present themselves. For example, research into the genetics of several cancers has helped identify which treatments might work best for individuals.

The idea that a cheap and fairly straightforward blood test could help doctors predict the cause and prognosis (预断) of that individuals' diabetes is appealing. This is especially the case given that an estimated 9 percent of the global population are affected by the disorder and many aren’t getting the right treatment.

But the five subgroups aren't the end of the story. Diabetes just isn't that simple. For a long time, we considered the condition as being either “childhood-onset” or “adult-onset”, and this is how many people still think of the disease. Yet in the last decade, this classification was questioned as it was discovered that adults in their 40s and 50s could develop a form of the disease that looked very “childhood” like, while more children are developing type 2 diabetes. It is also quite likely that the risks and outcomes of diabetes will look different in people who live outside Sweden and Finland, such as in the Middle East whose nations have some of the highest rates of the condition in the world.

1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?

A．It is believed that diabetes type 1 results from a bad diet.

B．The popular classification of diabetes is not so scientific.

C．Children catch diabetes type 1 easily when born.

D．People are not fully convinced of the different types of diabetes.

2. The benefit of breaking diabetes down into five subtypes is that ________.

A．it helps researchers find out the risk factors of each type

B．it makes it possible to find the best treatment for each type

C．it helps to make the knowledge of diabetes popular

D．it leads people to believe treating diabetes is a piece of cake

3. What does the author think of the research on diabetes?

A．It has found a quick solution for curing diabetes.

B．The outcome of the research is sure to be widely applied.

C．More researches are needed to know diabetes well enough.

D．It confirms that three of the five subtypes are mild form.

4. The purpose of writing the passage is to ________.

A．stress the necessity of carrying out researches on diabetes

B．correct people's knowledge of classifying diabetes

C．advise doctors on how to treat diabetes scientifically

D．inform people of a brand-new view on diabetes

【推荐2】One argument for why robots will never fully measure up to people is because they lack human-like social skills. But researchers are experimenting with new methods to give robots social skills to better interact with humans. Two new studies provide evidence of progress in this kind of research.

One experiment was carried out by the researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT. The team developed a machine learning system for self- driving cars that is designed to learn the social characteristics of human drivers and how they act. The researchers studied driving situations to learn how human drivers on the road were likely to behave. Since not all human drivers act the same way, they meant to teach the driverless car to avoid dangerous situations.

The researchers say the technology uses tools borrowed from the field of social psychology (心理学). In this experiment, scientists created a system that attempted to decide whether a person's driving style is more selfish or selfless. In road tests, self-driving cars equipped with the system improved their ability to predict what other drivers would do by up to 25 percent.

In one test, the self-driving car was observed making a left-hand turn. The study found the system could cause the car to wait before making the turn if it predicted the oncoming (迎面驶来的) driver acted selfishly and was dangerous. But when the oncoming car was judged to be selfless, the self-driving car could make the turn because it saw less risk of unsafe behavior.

The researchers say they believe the technology could also be used in cars with human drivers. It could act as a warning system against other drivers judged to be behaving badly. The research suggests that humanoid robots have the ability to affect people socially just as humans do. Fang says this ability could become more important in the future when machines and humans are expected to interact regularly.

1. What was the machine learning system designed to do?

A．Teach social psychology.	B．Increase driving pleasure.
C．Remind drivers to drive quickly.	D．Learn about human drivers' behaviour.

2. Why did the self-driving car wait before turning according to paragraph 4?

A．It found the car itself was broken.	B．It predicted the oncoming driver was selfish.
C．It realized the oncoming driver was selfless.	D．It observed the oncoming driver make a turn.

3. What do the researchers say about the technology in the last paragraph?

A．It is actually useless in the future.	B．It has the ability to control people.
C．It causes human drivers to behave badly.	D．It can warn other misbehaving human drivers.

4. Which column of the magazine is the text probably taken from?

A．Science.

B．Nature.

C．Diet.

D．Sport.

【推荐3】The island of Port Cros is in the south of France. I first visited it about ten years ago with my wife. I had read that it was a magical place and it seemed fascinating (迷人的), but I couldn’t believe that it was true. In fact, it was much more magical than the tourist brochures (指南) had said.
The island is mountainous and covered in trees. The water around the island is transparent like glass. When I first visited it, there was mist rising from the trees. The little harbor looked mysterious and remote: tall palm trees, a few shops and restaurants, no cars, motorcycles or bikes.
It is not by chance that the island has kept its natural beauty. Once, it was privately owned and the owners always wanted to keep it in its natural state. In 1963, Port Cros became a national park. The park directors made some rules to protect the island. They didn’t allow any new building projects. There is only one hotel and no camping is allowed. Visitors can’t use mountain bikes or smoke on the island. Sailing boats that visit the island mustn’t damage the bottom of the sea or pollute the water around it.
When we arrived, we started walking to the beach of Port-Man, which was the furthest beach from the port. It took us two hours and when we arrived, the beach was deserted. It seemed that we were the only people on the island. Time seemed to stop. It was so beautiful that we stayed there all day. I visited there again last summer. Nothing had changed. The island still looked magical and mysterious, still with few tourists. It must be wonderful to stay the night on the island, I thought. After all the visitors have gone, the island must be so quiet—a real paradise (天堂)!
1. The author got to know Port Cros at first due to _____.

A．some tourist brochures

B．his wife’s introduction

C．his first visit there

D．some TV programs

2. How has the natural beauty of the island been kept according to the text?

A．Foreign visitors are not allowed to visit it.

B．Nothing has been built in the park there.

C．Only bikes can be used on the island.

D．Sailing boats mustn’t pollute the water.

3. When the author first visited Port Cros, _____.

A．it was very sunny

B．there were few visitors there

C．it took them a whole day to walk to Port-Man

D．the island was deserted and he stayed there for a whole night

【推荐1】On September 10, 2018, Jack Ma, founder and chairman of Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba, announced his successor (继任者) at the company he founded 19 years ago. Surprisingly, in a country where 70 to 80 percent of private companies are still family run, Mr. Ma did not name a family member. Rather, one of the world’s largest e-commerce companies will be led by Daniel Zhang, an 11-year Alibaba old hand chosen only for his “professional talent”.

The history of many countries can be marked by a trend away from dependence on family succession in business, or the belief that qualities of leadership flow through bloodlines. Ma is a true innovator (创新者) in many ways, most famously for building an innovative online shopping market worth more than the economies of most countries. But his legacy (遗产) may lie in showing how China as well as much of Asia can produce founders of successful organizations unwilling to pass the torch to relatives.

“Alibaba was never about Jack Ma,” he stated in announcing his succession plan. Instead, the former schoolteacher who came from lowly origins is stepping back from day-to-day operations because he has built a system that takes root in a company culture based on innovation, transparency, and responsibility. “For the last 10 years, we kept working on these ingredients,” he stated.

The company’s future will depend on developing a wealth of talent that drives innovation, he said. And in a society with a long tradition of cautious distrust toward those outside the family circle, Ma has built an “architecture of trust” with customers, who number over half a billion. Chinese now readily rely on Alibaba’s online payment system, its ratings of products and services, and other trust-building systems or methods pioneered by the company.

China’s rapid growth now produces a new billionaire almost every day. Many of them, like Ma, have favored systems of management based on talent and honesty. As many countries have discovered as they progress, it is better to swim in a talent pool, not a gene (基因) pool.

1. What do we know about Daniel Zhang from the passage?

A．He’s a talented professor.	B．He’s an experienced manager.
C．He’s a successful founder.	D．He’s Chairman of Alibaba.

2. Where does Ma’s legacy lie in?

A．Becoming a successful innovative founder.

B．Casting doubt on traditional succession plan.

C．Providing creative answers to succession problems.

D．Representing trends towards non-family-run companies.

3. What seems to be the recipe for the company’s future success?

A．Trust-building methods.	B．The “architecture of trust”.
C．A culture of talent development.	D．The latest successful innovations.

【推荐2】China will follow up on its successful mission (任务) to the far side of the moon by sending a probe to Mars next year, one of its top space scientists said Sunday. Wu Weiren, chief designer of China’s lunar exploration program, said the red planet was the natural next step. “Next year we’ll launch a Mars probe to orbit around the Mars, land on it and probe it,” he said. China will also send another probe to take back samples from the moon’s surface.

Wu’s comments came as a Mars simulation(模拟) base opened in Qinghai’s Qaidam Basin. According to the state-run Global Times, while the red rocky area bears a strikingly similarity to Mars, it’s extremely difficult to simulate Mars due to its special natural features and hostile environment—low air pressure, strong radiation and frequent sandstorms, as well as vast differences in geography.

China didn’t send its first satellite into orbit until 1970, by which time America had already landed an astronaut on the moon, but it’s been catching up fast. Since 2003, China has sent six crews into space and two space labs into Earth’s orbit In 2013, China successfully landed a rover, Yutu 1, on the moon, becoming only the third country to do so.

Last December, China landed another probe and a rover, Yutu 2, on the far side of the moon. Progress has been slow going since then: due to the extreme conditions there, the rover often has to hibernate to preserve its capabilities for further exploration, Wu said. “The temperature there is minus 190 degrees Celsius, which all components and parts cannot stand. So we let it sleep for a while, making sure it can spend the night safely. A few days ago, it woke up automatically to work. We’ve gained lots of data in the past few days, and we're going to make the data known to the world,” Wu said.

1. What’s China’s next step in its space exploration?

A．To get back a probe from Mars.

B．To probe Mars next year.

C．To land a rover on Mars successfully.

D．To open a Mars simulation base.

2. Which does the underlined word “hostile” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Stable.	B．Uncertain.
C．Unfavorable.	D．Friendly.

3. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A．Yutu 2 often has to hibernate to save its energy.

B．The data from Yutu 2 is accessible to the world.

C．Progress has been steady in the past exploration.

D．Yutu 2 can survive the moon's extreme conditions.

4. Which of the following has China achieved in exploring space?

A．Two space labs have been set up.

B．Six crews were sent into space in 2003.

C．Samples from the moon have been taken back.

D．China became the third to send a satellite to Earth’s orbit.

【推荐3】During the darkest days of the drought（干旱）that hit the western US since the early 2000s，rivers went dry from north to south. Consequently，low river flows severely reduced the amount of carbon-free electricity that could be produced by the thousands of hydroelectric power plants（水力发电厂）along rivers across the West.

Now，a group of researchers have figured out that an extra 100 million tons of carbon ended up in the atmosphere because people had to use carbon-emitting（碳排放）power sources instead of hydroelectric power during drought. That’s equal to adding about 1. 4 million cars to road for every one of those years. “That’s a big piece of the pic，”says Noth Diffenbaugh a climate scientist at Stanford and one of the authors of the study.

In normal years, over 20% of the electicity comes from hydroelectric power plants. But that number fluctuates with the ebb（退潮）and flow of water. And when water is not enough. the amount of hydroelectric power decreases.

States like Califomia. Washirgton, and Orgon that rely on hydroelectic power during water-rich years were the hardest hit. In Califormia, for example, the extra carbon dioxide emitted because of the drought added up to over 7% of its total carbon emissions.

That’s not a minor problem. Many of the western states have made plans for how to reduce their emissions over the next few decades. Califormia, for example, is trying to get its emissions down to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. But drought makes it harder to meet the emissions reduction goals.

While the carbon cost of drought is large, Diffenbaugh points out, with this study and a lot of others from the past few years, we’ve learned more and more about when and why carbon-free energy   sources face challenge. Armed with this information, he says, energy managers can figure out how to fill the gaps in energy demand with more renewable resources.

1. What phenomenon is described in the first two paragraphs?

A．The high consumption of energy.

B．Large number of cars on the road.

C．The increased demand for power sources.

D．The large carbon emission due to drought.

2. What does the underlined word “fluctuates” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Appears naturally.

B．Changes irregularly.

C．Becomes stable.

D．Increases greatly.

3. What can we know about California according to the text?

A．Its carbon emission is very heavy.

B．It is a water-rich state all year round.

C．It heavily depends on renewable energy.

D．It has achieved its emission reduction goal.

4. What does Noah Diffenbaugh think of climate cost?

A．It is not that serious.

B．It is expected to be solved.

C．It is a global common problem.

D．It has been solved in some areas.