【推荐1】Trying to fight against the nation's food waste problem，Denmark opened the world's first supermarket that sells expired（到期的）or damaged products.

Ever since it was opened in Copenhagen，people have been standing in line outside WeFood for a chance to buy discounted items that would otherwise have ended up being rubbish because of damaged packing or very short use-by dates. Food，cosmetics，and other household items at WeFood are priced at least 30% to 50% lower than those at regular stores.

It's foolish to throw away or let food go to waste," said Hansen, former Minister for Food and Environment." It's bad for the environment and obviously it is money spent on nothing. A supermarket like WeFood makes so much sense and is an important step in the battle to fight against food waste."

While Denmark alone is said to waste about 700,000 tons of food this year, the United Nations has stated that globally, food waste adds up to 1.3 billion tons. It is really shocking, considering that about795million people in the world are still short of food. Denmark, however, has taken measures. As a result, it wastes 25% less food than it did five years ago.

The We Food project is cooperation between the Food Bank and Dan Church Aid. Together they have collected over s 150，000 over the past years. They faced many problems while convincing the government to permit the sale of expired or damaged products. They were finally allowed to carry out the project，and the store is now specially run by volunteers. The money it earns is used to provide funds（基金）for Dan Church Aid's other projects in developing nations.

If We Food can successfully maintain its goods deliveries and remain popular in the long term，Dan Church Aid plans to open many other branches across Denmark.

1. According to the second paragraph，the items sold at We Food are _____________.

A．second-hand	B．unique
C．popular	D．perfect

2. The We Food project is aimed at _____________.

A．helping the developing countries

B．turning all the rubbish into treasure

C．earning more money to expand the supermarket

D．attracting more people to buy their waste products

3. What is the main problem We Food is faced with now？

A．Finding more volunteers to carry out the project.

B．Making sure they have plenty of items for sale.

C．Opening branches of We Food around the country.

D．Getting permission to sell expired or damaged products.

4. Which of the following is the best title of the passage？

A．People stand in line outside We Food for food

B．We Food becomes the world-famous supermarket

C．Fighting against the problem of food waste in Denmark

D．The world's first expired or damaged product supermarket

【推荐2】Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) will soon test a new oven for making chocolate chip cookies. A spaceship carrying the cooking equipment and other supplies was launched on Saturday from the Wallops Flight Facility in the United States. The shipment, weighing 3,700 kilograms, reached the space station on Monday. The goal is to explore the possibility of making freshly baked cookies for space travelers.

American company Nanoracks designed and built the oven and helped with organizing the flight to the space station. Hilton Double Tree hotels supplied the cookie dough (生面团) the astronauts will use.

In the past, space station crews have created their own pizzas using a thin, fiat piece of bread known as flatbread. Astronauts have tried other creative ways to make food, such as creating salads from vegetables grown in the space station. Results have been mixed.

The cookie baking will be a slow process. The oven can heat just one cookie at a time. The test could take weeks before the astronauts have chance to try out freshly baked cookies.

Five unbaked cookies have been in a space station freezer for several weeks. Each is in its own individual clear bag made out of silicone. The oven can heat foods to temperatures as high as 177°C. That is twice the temperature of the U.S. and Russian food warmers on the space station. The oven uses electric heating elements.

Mary Murphy is with Nanoracks. Murphy says she expects a baking time of 15 to 20 minutes for each cookie when the oven is heated to about 163°C. She adds that the smell of baking cookies should fill the space station each time a cookie comes out of the oven.

The oven’s first use will be the real test. Without the force of gravity, the astronauts do not know exactly how the cookie will look. Three of the space-baked cookies are to be returned to Earth for testing.

1. Why were the cooking equipment and other supplies sent to ISS?

A．To promote the products from Hilton Double Tree hotels.

B．To find possible ways to make freshly baked cookies there.

C．To test the equipment’s cooking efficiency for of baking cookies.

D．To discover the potential of making bread by using a special dough.

2. What can we learn from the foods astronauts ate previously on ISS?

A．They must be heated to over 177℃.

B．They were no different from those on the earth.

C．All the foods were brought with them from the earth.

D．Not all the planting experiments on ISS were successful.

3. Which of the following can best describe the new oven test?

A．Environmental-friendly.	B．Energy-efficient.
C．Far-reaching.	D．Time-consuming.

4. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．A newly-invented cooker is widely used on ISS.

B．A new oven is to be tested to make cookies on ISS.

C．Dessert-lovers will soon enjoy cookies coming from ISS.

D．Astronauts have found creative ways to make food on ISS.

【推荐3】Samsung has given the public a first look at its new foldable (可折叠的) smartphone. The South Korea-based technology company first announced plans to build a fully foldable phone five years ago. The phone is designed to fold open to be as big as a small tablet. It can also perform some operations of a tablet. When folded closed, the phone looks and works like a normal smartphone.

Justin Denison is Samsung’s vice president of mobile product marketing. He showed the phone, which he said marked a major breakthrough in future smartphone technology. He said Samsung had to invent new materials and methods and “completely re-imagine the display.” And one of the biggest difficulties was finding a material that was flexible(灵活的), but also strong enough to support repeated folding and unfolding of the phone.

Denison said the phone will permit users to keep up to three apps open at one time. With normal-size smartphones, users have to keep changing between apps.“We have been living in a world where the size of a screen could only be as large as the phone itself,” Denison said.

Technology experts see the new foldable design as a way to get users to buy a new smartphone seen as a revolutionary(革命者). More people are deciding to hold onto smartphones longer because the latest phones do not offer major improvements and can be very costly. This behavior is one reason for a steady decrease in worldwide smartphone sales over the past year.

Research company IDC reported smartphone sales fell by 4 percent during the 12-month period ending in September 2018. Samsung, the world’s leading seller of smartphones, suffered a 7 percent drop during the period, IDC said. It remains to be seen whether foldable phones will become popular quickly. The phones are expected to cost more than US$1,000.

1. Which of the following descriptions is true about the foldable phone?

A．It was designed by Justin Denison five years ago.

B．It looks like a normal-size smartphone when folded open.

C．It allows users to keep up to three apps open at one time.

D．It is expected to cost at most US$1,000.

2. What is the difficulty in making the foldable phone mentioned in the text?

A．To find new methods to reduce costs.	B．To display the phone to the public.
C．To find skills to keep changing between apps.	D．To invent new materials to make it.

3. Why are smartphone sales declining, according to the text?

A．The quality of smartphones is getting better and better.

B．New smartphones don’t have major improvements and can be expensive.

C．The new designs of smartphones are not popular with the public.

D．The foldable phone is not for sale yet.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Samsung Shows Off New Foldable Phone

B．Foldable Phone Has Been a Huge Success

C．Samsung Announces Plans to Make Foldable Phone

D．Foldable Phone Will Become Popular Quickly

【推荐2】Sagarika Sriram was 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories about a planet in trouble, one of which was about turtles with plastic in their stomachs. Sagarika knew she needed to do something. First, she joined a group which organized cleanup campaigns in her home city, Dubai “The group helped me understand what an individual can do and how I can really make a difference,” she says.

Then Sagarika created Kids for a Better World. It’s a digital platform which has brought together nearly 10,000 youths from all over the world with the goal to create a greener world.

Sagarika is now 16. She’s part of a growing number of young climate activists. “We’re the generation that is going to face the results if the climate crisis is not dealt with,” she says. She believes even individual actions can create a “ripple effect”. Sagarika says this can build momentum and can move things in the right direction.

Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches them about what they can do to reverse climate change. They can grow food, plant trees, collect recyclables and avoid using plastic bags. “This is the information which can help change our future,” Sagarika says.

Dubai is a desert metropolis. Growing up there has made Sagarika very aware of the need for action. Her city faces the risk of rising temperatures and its water supply is shrinking. She believes young people can bring attention to these environmental challenges.

Sagarika is all about small actions, but she has big plans. She’d like to go to college in California. While she’s there, she’ll continue being an activist. She’ll also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to inspire others to fight for a greener planet. Others have inspired her. “We’re creating our own system of inspirational change-makers,” she says.

1. Why did the author mention “turtles with plastic in their stomachs” in paragraph 1?

A．To make a comparison	B．To give an example.
C．To analyze the problem.	D．To introduce the topic.

2. Why did Sagarika created Kids for a Better World?

A．Because she wanted to create a greener world.

B．Because she wanted to bring together nearly1000 youths.

C．Because she wanted to read newspaper stories.

D．Because she wanted to save the turtle.

3. What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us?

A．What can help change our future.	B．What people should do at present.
C．What Kids for a Better World does.	D．What courses are taught on the platform.

4. Which of the following words can best describe Sagarika?

A．Generous and friendly.	B．Brave and smart.
C．Persistent and inspirational.	D．Noble-minded and careful.

【推荐1】Avatar has become the most successful movie in 2009. It is about a soldier whose mind is set into the body of a giant blue alien. He was sent to a dangerous planet called Pandora. His mission（使命） is to find a rare mineral（矿物质）. The mineral is the key to solve the earth's energy crisis(危机).
According to the latest figures（数字）, Avatar has become the fastest film ever to make more than 1 billion dollars in ticket sales around the world. When it had been shown in cinemas for several days, it became the most popular film ever made.
Avatar knocked the movie Titanic off the international release top spot. But Titanic's director James Cameron probably won't be too upset, because Avatar is directed by him as well! Before Avatar was filmed, the best selling film ever was Titanic.
James Cameron decided to make Avatar in 1999. However, the means（方法）to realize his vision（影像画面） did not exist yet. In 2002, The Lord of the' Rings: The Two Towers made him believe that CGI (电脑影像合成) effects had progressed enough to make this film. After several years of production, the 3D spectacular Avatar successfully showed us a fully immersive experience.
1. The movie Avatar is about ________.

A．a soldier	B．an officer
C．a woman	D．a rare mineral

2. Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Avatar was the most successful movie in 2009.

B．Avatar and Titanic are directed by the same person.

C．Avatar is a 3D movie.

D．The Lord of the' Rings: The Two Towers didn’t bring James Cameron any ideas about how to make Avatar.

3. Avatar became the most popular film ever made when it had been shown in cinemas for ________.

A．four weeks	B．several days
C．two months	D．half a year

4. The decision about making Avatar was in _________.

A．1999

B．2002

C．2009

D．2010

5. The word “immersive” means ________in Chinese.

A．索然无味的

B．身临其境的

C．血腥的

D．平静的

【推荐2】Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior, evidence either way is weak, relying on laboratory tests or sometimes self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.

The researchers investigated one class session’s impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: Students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymous meal-card purchases for that semester-nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.

Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks. Purchases from other group remained at 52 percent.

“That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention,” Schwitzgebel says, Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confusing variable.

Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence—classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least sparkling, he thinks, is rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might also play a big role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants’ eating habits and students’ video exposure. Meanwhile, Schwitzgebel, who had predicted no effect, will be eating his words.

1. Why is it difficult to determine the effects of ethics classes?

A．Because the ethics classes don’t have lasting effects.

B．Because the subjects in ethics classes are difficult to identify.

C．Because the evidence gathered from the classes may be unreliable.

D．Because the classes are usually poorly summarized and misinterpreted.

2. Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat eating?

A．It is a sought-after behavior among students.

B．It is beneficial to students’ health.

C．It is a behavior easy to measure.

D．It is a hot topic among students in ethics classes.

3. Eric Schwitzgebel’s previous findings suggest that ethics professors               .

A．are not necessarily ethically better.

B．are less open to new things than other professionals.

C．are not sensitive to political issues.

D．are less likely to criticize students.

4. Which of the following can be concluded from the text?

A．Students’ change in behavior can give a boost to their reasoning.

B．Students’ change in behavior is a result of multiple factors.

C．Students’ change in behavior is a result of self reflection and regulation.

D．Students’ change in behavior can bring psychological benefits.

【推荐3】Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health，according to a new study published in the journal Child Development According to the findings, teenagers aged 15 to 16 who had a close friendship rather than a larger group of friends they were less close to had a greater sense of self-worth by the time they were 25 years old. Those people with a very close best friend were also less likely to experience depression and social anxiety, the study found．

“Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood，”the authors, led by Rachel K, Narr，a postdoctoral student focused on clinical psychology at the University of Virginia, wrote.

A past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important. Friendships during the teenage years predict academic success and improved mental health. But the new research further explores the type of friendships teenagers have. “My hunch（预感）was that close friendships compared to broader friendship groups and popularity may not function the same way,” Narr told Quartz. "Being successful in one is not the same as being successful in the other."

Many study participants did not continue to have a close relationship with their high-school best friend, leading the researchers to wonder what exactly was responsible for the mental health benefits. They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.

And as the researchers point out, those skills are not necessarily brought to bear in the world of social media. "As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority," study co-author Joseph Allen said in a statement.

1. What is the benefit of having a close teenage friendship?

A．Excellent performance in high school.	B．A larger group of friends.
C．Mental health by early adulthood.	D．A large social network in the future.

2. What can we learn about the past research?

A．It attached great significance to adolescent friendships.

B．It was totally different from the new research.

C．It helped improve teenagers' mental health.

D．It compared broader friendship groups with popularity.

3. What did the researchers think might lead to the mental health benefits?

A．Not continuing to have a close relationship.	B．Having a best friend in high school.
C．Understanding the world of social media.	D．Knowing how to build a close friendship

4. What did the researcher Joseph suggest?

A．Learning to use social media.

B．Broadening your social circle.

C．Improving the skills of making friends.

D．Concentrating on high-quality relationship.