The low percentage of women in science ,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEM) careers is often attributed (归因于) to men being believed to be better at the sort of thinking those fields require. Though studies have debunked the view,they have largely been based on results acquired from various several standardized tests. Now, researchers from Pennsylvania' S Carnegie Mellon University have found evidence that is hard to overlook; MRI (磁共振成像) proves that young girls and boys use the same mechanisms and networks in the brain to solve math problems.
The groundbreaking study to evaluate the biological gender differences in the math talent of young children was led by the university' s professor of neuroscience, Jessica Cantlon. For their study ,the team selected 104 young children, between 3 and 10 years old, divided almost equally by gender. The scientists used a functional MRI to observe their brain activity as they engaged in math tasks. These included watching age appropriate educational videos and doing math exercises such as counting and addition,as well as reading for comparison.
“We looked at which areas of the brain respond more strongly to mathematics content in the videos and tasks, compared to non math content like reading or the alphabet, Cantlon said.“When we do that in lite girls, we see a particular network of the brain respond,and when we do that same analysis in boys, we see the exact same regions.”
So why do girls and young women tend to avoid math and STEM careers in general? Cantlon thinks it may be rooted in social and cultural conventions. Previous studies have indicated that parents tend to spend more time with young boys in play that inspire spatial cognition (空间认知)-such as toys that involve learning number skills and shapes and solving puzzles. Educators were also observed to spend more time with boys during math class.
1. What does the underlined word“debunked” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Disproved. | B.Supported. |
C.Confirmed. | D.Overlooked. |
A.The purpose of the research. |
B.The process of the research. |
C.The participants of the research. |
D.The findings of the research. |
A.Mental capacity. | B.Gender difference. |
C.Traditional prejudice. | D.Family background. |
A.MRI- A Great Helper in Research |
B.Toys- Boosters for STEM Potential |
C.Boys and Girls: Equally Talented in Math |
D.STEM Careers: Calling for More w omen |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】With overseas education becoming popular, every year thousands of students migrate around the world to pursue some or the other educational course that would give them global exposure. Studying abroad is extremely exciting. Everything is new and interesting.
Keep your schedule tight. Plan your schedule wisely. Divide your time between life, work and studies. While you’re in a new country, try making the most out of it. Go out with your peers, befriend the local students, and learn their culture and their language.
Budget your finances. When you’re overseas, taking care of your finances becomes really crucial. Since everything is new, there’s so much to understand and discover and all that comes at a price. To make our experience free of trouble, it becomes very simple to waste.
You’re studying in a new country.
A.You might not get that chance again. |
B.Get acquainted with the host country. |
C.Everything looks to be familiar to you. |
D.You may be worried about studying abroad. |
E.But at the same time, it has its own set of challenges. |
F.Keep an eye on the job market and the upcoming opportunities. |
G.Saving a certain amount every month for emergencies is a wise idea. |
【推荐2】Math is a necessary skill that people use throughout their lives. Unfortunately, many children and adults feel stressed and anxious when they have to do math. They may be experiencing what is called “math anxiety”. Because of this, many people believe that they are bad at math and don’t like math.
A recent research has shown that some children as young as 6 years old may feel anxious about math. A team of researchers asked 154 children in grades 1 and 2 questions like “How do you feel when taking a big test in your math class?” The children expressed how nervous they felt by pointing to a position on a scale (刻度), where there were different faces from a very nervous face on the left to a calm face on the right. After answering these questions, the children took a math test. These researchers found that almost half of the children who participated in the study said that they were at least somewhat nervous about doing math. Also, children with higher math anxiety got worse scores on the math test.
Scientists have also found that math anxiety develops in children who experience certain kinds of social situations that influence their thoughts or feelings. This means that the child’s emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by things that other people say or do. For example, teachers with high math anxiety were more likely to have students with poorer math achievements at the end of the school year.
Good news is that researchers have found tools to help people with math anxiety. These tools are called interventions (干预). For example, researchers did an intervention where they asked children with math anxiety to write about their math-related worries. Then they found that children’s math test scores improved. Therefore, it is advised to talk to classmates and teachers about math anxiety. This is the first step toward helping to reduce the possibly harmful effects of math anxiety.
1. What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 1?A.Math ability. | B.Stressful life. |
C.Math anxiety. | D.Painful memory. |
A.By making a math project. |
B.By recording math scores. |
C.By asking kids questions. |
D.By showing teaching problems. |
A.Anxiety determines math ability. |
B.One’s math anxiety can affect others. |
C.Students are born with math anxiety. |
D.Children should avoid social situations. |
A.Talking about it. | B.Working harder. |
C.Using math tools. | D.Attending lectures. |
【推荐3】Many students have difficulty keeping their things organized. What can we do to assist them? Learning Management System (LMS) is an app teachers can use to upload and present all the information students need: documents, grades, the assignment calendar, etc.
Track assignments and calendars. Teachers can create calendars or charts in their LMS showing the upcoming schedule for projects and readings, which allows students to see clearly what assignments are left to complete and when they're due.
Follow teachers' feedback. With an LMS, students can submit a typed document and receive direct feedback from their teachers in comments typed on the side of the doc. The comments are tied to specific phrases in the students' text. Students can easily access them, and better yet, they can then respond to the teacher's comment, creating a dialogue or conversation that the student can refer back to later.
We now live in a digital world. Thankfully for our students, especially those with learning challenges, LMS helps them become more independent and confident in their studies.
A.Edit and rewrite. |
B.Practice writing properly. |
C.In the convenience of LMS, things are different. |
D.It can even generate an "upcoming assignments" notice on the home page. |
E.It's an effective system for students who have trouble with classroom organization. |
F.Below are some uses of this system for students struggling with classroom organization. |
G.This is a simple but effective way for the student and teacher to engage with each other. |
【推荐1】Many people think you’re either a creative person or you’re not. While I agree that some people may be slightly more creative than others, I think creativity is a muscle that can be exercised and improved upon.
1. Consume content outside your comfort zone.
We all love reading about stuff in our industry.
2. Do the “No Bad Ideas Brainstorming” exercise.
Get at least one other person to join you for a 45-60 minute brainstorm. No technology and no criticism. Bring a topic or idea to the table and write down all your ideas (on actual paper).
3.
There are studies upon studies that discuss how our diet affects the way we think. Want to start thinking differently? Start giving your body different (and healthier)fuel. You’d be shocked how much more creatively you can think and act when you eat a healthier diet.
4. See a movie in a theater.
Movies on the big scene are one of the last few places you can enjoy a complete sensory experience. The giant bright screen. The thundering surround sound. The smell and taste of fresh popcorn. The somewhat uncomfortable seat with plastic armrests that don’t move.
A.Eat differently. |
B.It may help with motivation. |
C.Start thinking in a different way. |
D.And don’t comment on a single idea. |
E.But typically this doesn’t boost creativity. |
F.The key is how to get your creativity strengthened. |
G.Whenever you leave the theatre, your mind will be filled with ideas. |
【推荐2】People often call music a universal language, but do certain songs really cause the same mental images in our minds? Scientists at Princeton find that while music absolutely can stimulate (激发) similar mental experiences, the results also strongly suggest culture is a major factor.
A total of 622 people took part in the study. All of the volunteers came from one of three locations: two suburban college towns in the US (one in Arkansas and the other in Michigan), or the rural Chinese village of Dimen. It’s worth noting that the main language in Dimen is Dong, a tonal language unrelated to the official language of China. Locals there have little contact with Western media or culture at all. All participants listened to the exact same 32 “musical stimuli” — which were 60-second cuts of instrumental music. Half of these pieces came from Western music while the rest came from Chinese music.
After hearing, researchers asked the groups about the images they saw in their heads while listening. Incredibly, people from Arkansas and Michigan often described very similar stories, even using the exact same words frequently. Dimen listeners, on the other hand, envisioned stories that were similar to each other but quite different from the American listeners. More specifically, one track led to Americans seeing a cowboy in the hot desert surveying an empty town. Meanwhile, Chinese participants imagined a man in ancient times reflecting on the loss of a loved one.
“There’s something about the results that’s really surprising, especially because people encounter music in 2022 often in a solitary way, over headphones. But it turns out, it’s still a shared experience, almost like a shared dream, although not universally shared, “says Elizabeth Margulis, the study author.
The results paint a more complex picture of music’s power. Music can generate remarkably similar stories in listeners’ minds, but it depends on a common set of cultural experiences. So while we imagine music can bring people together, the opposite can also be true -it can distinguish between sets of people with a different background or culture.
1. What is the probable reason for Dimen being selected for the study?A.Its relationship with China. | B.Its unique cultural background. |
C.Its complex language system. | D.Its long musical tradition. |
A.Exchange their comments on the scene. | B.Imagine musicians’ original inspiration. |
C.Recall personal music-related stories. | D.Describe the picture forming in mind. |
A.Strange. | B.Outdated. | C.Individual. | D.Impolite. |
A.Culture matters when people hear music. | B.Music can bring participants all together. |
C.Cultures determine preference for music. | D.Music’s effects can go beyond cultures. |
【推荐3】Instead of working overtime in hopes of getting a pay rise, maybe you should go to the gym, as it could make you just as happy as that extra money.
An interesting new study shows people who are physically active have a greater sense of well-being (幸福) than those who are inactive, and that active people feel as good as inactive people who earn $25,000 more per year.
Researchers from Oxford and Yale Universities used data collected from 1.2 million Americans. They were asked, “How many times have you felt mentally unwell in the past 30 days, for example because of stress, depression, or emotional problems?” They were also asked about their exercise habits, choosing from 75 different physical activities, including mowing the lawn, doing housework, running, weightlifting, and cycling.
The researchers found that people who exercised often felt had for an average of 35 days per year while inactive people felt bad for an additional 18 days. All exercise types had a good influence. Social physical activities, for example team sports, were considered to have a better influence although cycling ranked highly.
However, it is possible to get too much exercise. According to a study, the mental health of those who exercised for more than three hours a day suffered more than that of those who weren’t physically active. The proper amount seems to be three to five times per week, lasting 30 to 60 minutes each.
1. What’s mainly talked about in the first two paragraphs?A.Doing exercise brings happiness. | B.Working overtime is bad for our health. |
C.Going to the gym can help get a pay rise. | D.Exercising can make us healthy. |
A.Oxford and Yale Universities | B.the physical activities |
C.the researchers | D.1.2 million Americans |
A.Problems and Advice | B.Sports and Health |
C.Sports and Wealth | D.Education and Health |
【推荐1】Several days ago Spanish fashion brand Zara sparked a fierce debate after releasing its latest campaign featuring a Chinese model with freckles (雀斑). Actually, there are some different beauty standards between the East and the West.
In East Asia, freckles might be considered a “destructive weakness” for celebrities, especially actors or singers. Although normal people don’t care that much, subconsciously they might prefer a “clean” face. Generally speaking, freckles are more likely to appear if people are out in the sun frequently, and most East Asian women avoid the sun as best they can.
Having freckles, instead, is a trademark for unconventional beauty in the Western world, and some call freckles “angel kisses”. For most westerners, having freckles is no longer just something you have to live with; instead, it is something to be desired. After all, not everyone is lucky enough to have freckles.
When it comes to eye shapes, it seems Western and Chinese beauty standards don’t see eye-to-eye. Many Chinese think girls with big eyes are the most beautiful. If their eyes have a double-fold eyelid, that is considered perfect. However, most foreigners seem to prefer Chinese girls with slanted (斜的) and narrow eyes and eyebrows. Chinese known model Lyv Yan is often considered the country’s most beautiful by foreigners, while quite a few Chinese people think her appearance doesn’t fit with traditional beauty standards.
Young, girly feature or hot and mature feature? Zhao Liying from China, Aragaki Yui from Japan and Lim Yoon-A from South Korea enjoy high popularity in Asia, as they boast bright faces with warm smiles, which win them lots of male fans. The three young celebrities represent Asia’s beauty standards: women with cute, girly features. Most women in Asia try their best to stay young accordingly. Unlike Chinese girls, Western girls think a more mature look shows independence and uniqueness. The superhero Wonder Woman is an ideal type for most.
As ties continue to grow between China and the West, it is unavoidable that these beauty standards develop. But one thing’s for sure-no matter how you look, you are who you are, and that should be satisfaction enough.
1. What do most western people think of having freckles?A.It is something unbearable. | B.It is a destructive weakness. |
C.It is something to wish for. | D.It is a symbol of traditional beauty. |
A.Have the same opinion. | B.Recognize their strengths. |
C.Misunderstand each other. | D.Argue against one another. |
A.They think this beauty standard is better. | B.They want to look independent and unique. |
C.They hope to have high popularity in Asia. | D.They admire Wonder Woman very much. |
A.What Zara’s beauty standard is. | B.Why Chinese people don’t like freckles. |
C.What causes the different beauty standards. | D.How easterners and westerners think of beauty. |
【推荐2】National Zoo in Australia
OPEN TIME
9: 30 am-5: 00 pm every day of the year, except Christmas Day.
TICKET PRICES
Children: 3-15 years $26
Students: 16 years or above with student card $40
Seniors Card/ Aged Pension(退休金) Card Holders:$40
Adults: $47
Family: 2 adults and up to 3 children: $130
CARERS FOR SPECIAL VISITORS
Carers for visitors with disabilities are admitted free of charge. Carers ID is required upon entry.
COMPANION CARD holders receive free entry, as well as their carers.
Please note, we aren’t a government funded zoo and don’t receive a subsidy (补贴) to accept many of the government concession (减价票).
GROUP RATES
If you are visiting the zoo in a group of 10 or more, you may qualify for our Special Group rates on General Entry prices.
DAILY ACTIVITIES & KEEPER TALKS
Make the most of your zoo visit and check out our daily keeper activities. There are great opportunities to see animals in action. Watch them enjoy a treat and interact with their keepers as they receive a feed.
On weekends and during school holidays, additional Keeper Talks are added to the schedule and visitors have the chance to meet or even feed some of our wonderful animals!
WALK ON THE WILDSIDE
Become a zoo keeper for a day with the ultimate all day wildlife experience.
ZOOVENTURE TOUR
Hand feed a tiger, and pat a rhino, which may be your most unforgettable experience.
GETTING HERE
BY CAR
We are located on Lady Denman Drive, next to Scrivener Dam. Find us on Google Maps.
BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Unfortunately, there are no bus services running to the zoo at present.
1. How much will a 17-year-old student pay with a student card?A.$ 40. | B.$ 47. |
C.$ 26. | D.$ 130. |
A.Being a zoo keeper. | B.Feeding the tiger. |
C.Talking with the keepers. | D.Watching animals in action. |
A.People can take a free bus to the zoo. |
B.Keeper Talks are available everyday. |
C.People caring for disabled people can visit for free. |
D.Senior people have a free visit. |
【推荐3】This summer we witnessed interview teams at the North Pole wearing short sleeve shirts due to the warm weather. A study published on Aug 29 revealed more concerning issues in the supposedly coldest area of the world. Zombie ice from a massive Greenland ice sheet was confirmed to be melting, which would eventually raise global sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) on its own, reported Associated Press (AP).
Zombie ice is the kind of ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by larger glaciers. Since glaciers are getting less snow to complement (补充) the amount of ice melted, once the zombie ice is melted, it cannot be re-formed.
Scientists decided to look at the balance of the ice. In perfect balance, snow in the mountains of Greenland flows down and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges, according to AP. But in the last few decades, there is less refill and more melting, creating an imbalance.
Study co-author William Colgan at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland told AP that 3.3 percent of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt eventually. “Starving would be a good phrase” for what’s happening to the ice, Colgan added.
With a great number of natural resources buried under the earth, areas of melted ice revealed treasures that attracted the world’s richest men. According to CNN, in early August, there was a “treasure hunt” in Greenland. Billionaires, including Bill Gates and others, financially backed KoBold Metals, a US-based mineral exploration company, to explore the rare metals under the glaciers in Greenland. The company told CNN that since there were enough minerals to power hundreds of millions of electric vehicles, the critical resource is capable of powering the green energy transition.
1. What happened in North Pole this summer?A.The massive Greenland sheet has melted. |
B.North Pole experienced unusual weather. |
C.The melted ice raised sea level significantly. |
D.The interview team revealed concerning issues. |
A.can be easily formed again |
B.is still joined to bigger ice |
C.complemented the thickest ice |
D.is continuously fed by larger ice |
A.There are abundant resources under the earth. |
B.The treasure hunt can only benefit the richest people. |
C.Businessmen wanted to make profit from the resources. |
D.The minerals will soon become a green energy alternative. |
A.Every coin has two sides |
B.Man can conquer nature |
C.The early bird catches the worm |
D.One false move may lose the game |