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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:184 题号:10446767

The low percentage of women in science ,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEM) careers is often attributed (归因于) to men being believed to be better at the sort of thinking those fields require. Though studies have debunked the view,they have largely been based on results acquired from various several standardized tests. Now, researchers from Pennsylvania' S Carnegie Mellon University have found evidence that is hard to overlook; MRI (磁共振成像) proves that young girls and boys use the same mechanisms and networks in the brain to solve math problems.

The groundbreaking study to evaluate the biological gender differences in the math talent of young children was led by the university' s professor of neuroscience, Jessica Cantlon. For their study ,the team selected 104 young children, between 3 and 10 years old, divided almost equally by gender. The scientists used a functional MRI to observe their brain activity as they engaged in math tasks. These included watching age appropriate educational videos and doing math exercises such as counting and addition,as well as reading for comparison.

“We looked at which areas of the brain respond more strongly to mathematics content in the videos and tasks, compared to non math content like reading or the alphabet, Cantlon said.“When we do that in lite girls, we see a particular network of the brain respond,and when we do that same analysis in boys, we see the exact same regions.”

So why do girls and young women tend to avoid math and STEM careers in general? Cantlon thinks it may be rooted in social and cultural conventions. Previous studies have indicated that parents tend to spend more time with young boys in play that inspire spatial cognition (空间认知)-such as toys that involve learning number skills and shapes and solving puzzles. Educators were also observed to spend more time with boys during math class.

1. What does the underlined word“debunked” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Disproved.B.Supported.
C.Confirmed.D.Overlooked.
2. What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on?
A.The purpose of the research.
B.The process of the research.
C.The participants of the research.
D.The findings of the research.
3. What contributes to the lack of women in STEM careers?
A.Mental capacity.B.Gender difference.
C.Traditional prejudice.D.Family background.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.MRI- A Great Helper in Research
B.Toys- Boosters for STEM Potential
C.Boys and Girls: Equally Talented in Math
D.STEM Careers: Calling for More w omen
【知识点】 学习 科普知识 说明文

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【推荐1】With overseas education becoming popular, every year thousands of students migrate around the world to pursue some or the other educational course that would give them global exposure. Studying abroad is extremely exciting. Everything is new and interesting.     1     The following are the things you should make sure to do while you’re abroad.

Keep your schedule tight. Plan your schedule wisely. Divide your time between life, work and studies. While you’re in a new country, try making the most out of it. Go out with your peers, befriend the local students, and learn their culture and their language.     2     Meanwhile do not compromise on your studies or neglect your schoolwork. Write down your experiences, so that you can cherish them forever.

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You’re studying in a new country.     5     So, if you keep an open mind, you might meet incredible people, taste some delicious food and have your perspective on the world radically changed, which wouldn’t have happened if you weren’t in a different country.

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【推荐2】Math is a necessary skill that people use throughout their lives. Unfortunately, many children and adults feel stressed and anxious when they have to do math. They may be experiencing what is called “math anxiety”. Because of this, many people believe that they are bad at math and don’t like math.

A recent research has shown that some children as young as 6 years old may feel anxious about math. A team of researchers asked 154 children in grades 1 and 2 questions like “How do you feel when taking a big test in your math class?” The children expressed how nervous they felt by pointing to a position on a scale (刻度), where there were different faces from a very nervous face on the left to a calm face on the right. After answering these questions, the children took a math test. These researchers found that almost half of the children who participated in the study said that they were at least somewhat nervous about doing math. Also, children with higher math anxiety got worse scores on the math test.

Scientists have also found that math anxiety develops in children who experience certain kinds of social situations that influence their thoughts or feelings. This means that the child’s emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by things that other people say or do. For example, teachers with high math anxiety were more likely to have students with poorer math achievements at the end of the school year.

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