Just how much does the Constitution(宪法) protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant (授权令) if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to restore the practice that the police may search through the contents of suspects’ smartphones at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state says, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies .
The justices would be careless if they followed California's advice. They should start by rejecting California’s weak argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone is similar to say, going through a suspect's wallet. The court has ruled that police don't offend against the Fourth Amendment(修正案) when they go through the wallet of an arrestee without a warrant. In fact, exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.
Americans should take steps to protect their own digital privacy and should avoid putting important information in smartphones. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution's prohibition on unreasonable searches.
In many cases, it would not be very difficult for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still trump(打出王牌) the Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe and dangerous circumstances, such as the threat of immediate harm, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not deleted or altered while a warrant is on the way. The justices, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more flexibility.
But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New technology sometimes demands fresh applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th. At that time, the justices had to explain new rules for the new personal domain(领域) of cars. Similarly, the justices must sort out how the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution applies to digital information now.
1. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is _____________.| A．skeptical | B．tolerant |
| C．indifferent | D．disapproving |
| A．getting into one's residence | B．handing one's historical records |
| C．scanning one's correspondences | D．going through one's wallet |
| A．principles are hard to be clearly expressed |
| B．citizens' privacy is not effectively protected |
| C．phones are used to store sensitive information |
| D．the court is giving police less room for action |
| A．the Constitution should be implemented flexibly |
| B．Principles of the Constitution should never be changed |
| C．New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution |
| D．California's argument violates principles of the Constitution |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Two and a half millennia ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. Socrates did not have peer-reviewed science to make his case about the usefulness of learning concepts by heart.
Today a different debate is raging about the dangers of another technology-computers and the typing people do on them. As primary-school pupils and PhD hopefuls return for a new school year, many will do so with a greater-than-ever reliance on computers to take notes and write papers. Some parents of younger students are dismayed that their children are not just encouraged but required to take laptops to class.
A line of research shows the benefits of an “innovation” ahead of computers: handwriting. Studies have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to imparting a better conceptual grasp of complicated ideas.
Handwriting—which takes longer for nearly all university-level students—forces note-takers to synthesize ideas into their own words. This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing. But those taking notes by hand also perform better on tests when students are later able to study from their notes. The effect even persisted when the students who typed were explicitly instructed to rephrase the material in their own words. The instruction was “completely ineffective” at reducing verbatim(逐字逐句地) note-taking, the researchers note: they did not understand the material so much as parrot it.
Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have taken note. However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to ban most laptops. This is too extreme. Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will eventually need typing skills. And typing can improve the quality of writing: being able to get ideas down quickly, before they are forgotten, can obviously be beneficial.
Virginia Berninger, professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of handwriting. But she is not a purist. Since students spend more time on devices as they age, she argues for occasional “tuning up” of handwriting in later school years.
1. What does the underlined word “dismayed” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Inspired. | B．Disappointed. | C．Amazed. | D．Confused. |
| A．Students taking notes by hand understand the material better. |
| B．Students studying from their notes perform better on tests later. |
| C．Students who take notes in their own words prefer handwriting |
| D．Students who typed can imitate the material in an effective way. |
| A．Students should spend more time on devices. |
| B．Students should take notes by hand at school. |
| C．Learning typing skills at school is unnecessary. |
| D．Senior students can take notes in different ways. |
| A．Handwriting is more beneficial than typing. |
| B．Schools should put emphasis on handwriting. |
| C．The importance of handwriting is better understood. |
| D．Handwriting and typing are equally important at school. |
【推荐2】“Selfie”, taking a picture of yourself to post on social media, became an official word in the Oxford dictionary in 2013. The idea seems simple, just pose and snap a photo of yourself with your cell phone camera. How difficult could that be?
But in 2014 a reported 15 people died while taking selfies. That number has risen each. year since then. Thirty-nine deaths connected to selfies were reported in 2015. And, this year has seen more than 70 such deaths.
Researchers from universities in the US and India have released findings from the first study of deaths due to selfies. The investigators examined the causes and characteristics of the deaths.
The researchers found that people who take selfies for sharing on social media often have a narcissistic tendency. The report says these people “use selfies as a form ‘of self-identification and expression”. They may take selfies in more dangerous settings because they seek greater attention. These dangerous situations can lead to injury, and even death. The researchers define a selfie death as “death of an individual or a group of people that could have been avoided had the individual(s) not been taking a selfie.”
One example of a dangerous selfie in the study involved bicycle races. People sometimes get on the track to take a picture of themselves with the racing bicycles behind them. Crashes and injuries have resulted. Another example described people standing on train tracks trying to get a selfie’ as a train moves toward them from behind. The most common cause of selfie death was falling from high places. It caused 32 of the 172 deaths during the last two and a half years. Drowning was another common cause of death.
And it might be more dangerous to be a man with a smartphone. Although women take more selfies, males were far more likely to die during selfies.75.5% of the reported deaths were of mien. About one-third of the 172 reported selfie deaths had a single death while 24 incidents involved the deaths of groups. Two of the incidents killed seven people each.
1. The passage is mainly about _________ .| A．selfie deaths on the rise | B．the danger of taking selfies |
| C．what a selfie death is | D．the causes of selfie deaths |
| A．A physical state. | B．A psychological state. | C．A difficulty. | D．A camera. |
| A．A man addicted to taking selfies died. |
| B．A taxi-driver died with one of his. passengers taking selfies. |
| C．A man fell off the cliff while taking a selfie and died. |
| D．An old lady. died from heart attack when taking a selfie. |
| A．selfie deaths are always single deaths |
| B．women are more likely to die during selfies |
| C．it is dangerous to participate in .bicycle races |
| D．selfie deaths happened in various ways |
【推荐3】A new study, which was published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, found that heavy use of platforms such as Facebook and Snapchat was associated with feelings of being separated from society among young adults—basically the opposite of what we are led to believe.
Study co-author Brian Primack and his team surveyed 1,787 U. S. adults aged 19 to 32 and asked them about their usage of 11 social media platforms. They also asked participants questions related to social isolation, such as how often they felt left out. The participants who reported spending the most time on social media—over two hours a day—had twice the odds of perceived（感知到的）social isolation than those who said they spent a half-hour per day or less on the same sites.
According to Tom Kersting, psychotherapist and author of Disconnected, the key to understanding these results lies in our understanding of “connections.” “Humans are social —emotional beings, meaning that it is in our DNA to be connected, face-to-face, with other humans,” he told Reader’s Digest. “Although people think being on social media all the time makes them ‘connected’ to others, they are actually ‘disconnected,’ because the more time one spends behind a screen, the less time one spend face-to-face.”
“Part of the issue of loneliness is that the majority of people who use social media aren’t just posting, they are also viewing,” Kersting continued. “They are spending a lot of time looking at everyone else’s posts, where they are and what they are doing. The constant exposure to everyone else’s ‘perfect’ life experiences causes feelings of being left out.”
So what’s the answer? It’s simple, says Kersting. “The solution to this is resisting the temptation to look at everyone else’s life. Just focus on your own life, where you’re going, what you are grateful for, and what you want to accomplish in this world.”
1. What is the finding of the new study?| A．Humans are social-emotional beings. |
| B．Social media platforms are overused by the young. |
| C．Social media strengthens interpersonal relationship. |
| D．Heavy use of Social media can lead to loneliness. |
| A．By asking questions. | B．By experimenting. |
| C．By distributing forms. | D．By media reporting. |
| A．Those who use a single social media platforms. |
| B．Those who spend three hours a day on social media. |
| C．Those who don’t spend time on social media. |
| D．Those spending a half-hour per day on social media. |
| A．Never compare with others. | B．Make more fiends on the internet. |
| C．Choose a travel destination. | D．Set up a clear goal for the future. |
【推荐1】The law says women should have the chance of doing the same jobs as men and earn the same as them. The reality is very different. Women lose because, 25 years after the Equal Pay Act, many of them still get paid less than men. They lose because they do lower-paid jobs which men just won’t consider. And they lose because they are the ones who interrupt a career to have children. All this is reported in an independent study ordered by the Government’s women’s unit. The biggest problem isn’t equal pay in workplaces such as factories. It is the sort of work women do.
Make a list of low-paid-jobs, then consider who does them. Try nurses, secretaries, cleaners, clerks, teachers in primary schools, dinner ladies and child- care helpers. Not a lot of men among that group, are there? Yet some of those jobs are really important. Surely no one would deny that about nurses and teachers, for a start. So why do we reward the people who do them so poorly? There can be only one answer- because they are women. This is not going to be put right overnight. But the government, which employs a lot of them, and other bosses have to make a start.
It is disgraceful that we have gone into the 21st century still treating women like second-class citizens.
1. Women should have the chance of doing the same jobs and getting the same pay as men ________.| A．after 25 years |
| B．according to the law |
| C．as a result of those important jobs |
| D．because women are as strong as men |
| A．that women interrupt a career to have children |
| B．what sort of work women do |
| C．because they are women |
| D．what unfair pay women get in workplaces |
| A．wonderful | B．grateful |
| C．shameful | D．hopeful |
| A．Work to give women a fair pay deal | B．The equal pay act |
| C．The sort of work women do | D．The biggest problem about women |
【推荐2】It's not right for an adult to leave a child locked in a parked car in the burning heat while they chat with a friend or do anything else without supervising their child. This kind of behavior is so wrong that states have even carried out laws allowing good citizens to rescue trapped kids. Unluckily one Georgia man learned that these laws aren't true to pets after he decided to save a dog and was arrested(逮捕).
According to a story from USA Today, Michael Hammons, used his wife's wheelchair leg to break the window of a parked car after hearing from bystanders that there was a dog inside.
One witness(目击者)told reporters that“if it is 80 degrees outside, within 30 minutes, it will be 114 degrees inside a car, even with the windows broken.” Bystanders had reportedly already phoned 911 before and were waiting for police to arrive, but for Hammons there was no time to lose.
Police were forced to take action after the owner of both the dog and car came out of the store and requested police arrest Hammons. Oconee County Chief Deputy Lee Weems told USA Today, “We would not have made those charges on our own.” But the owner of the car insisted that Hammons be charged with criminal trespassing(非法入侵). The dog's owner said that she had only been gone five minutes, even though bystanders said it was actually much longer. No matter how long it actually was, the decision to leave her dog locked in a car in 80 degree weather wasn't a bright one on her part. Interestingly enough, USA Today reports that Georgia state law does allow a person to break a window to save a child in a hot or cold car, just not a pet.
1. What does the underlined word “supervising” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?| A．Watching. | B．Raising. |
| C．Feeding. | D．Helping. |
| A．the car owner's evidence | B．a witness' words |
| C．their own judgment | D．the Georgia state law |
| A．He was praised by his wife. |
| B．He knew the law well before the rescue. |
| C．He saved the dog at the request of bystanders. |
| D．He used a wheelchair to break the car window. |
| A．A witness reported an accident to the police. |
| B．A man saved a dog but got arrested. |
| C．A dog was saved from a hot car. |
| D．A woman found her car broken |
【推荐3】A newspaper said a federal judge sentenced Bruce Jones to 12 years in federal prison for fraud (欺诈). Over a 10-year period, Jones had managed to cheat thousands of people throughout the state out of almost $10 million.
He advertised his fantastic ideas on TV. “For some reason,” Jones said, “TV seems to break the ice. Even though you are a total stranger to the viewer, once he sees you on TV in his home, he feels like he knows you. You enter his living room and become a trusted friend.”
Jones had an imagination that wouldn’t quit. One time he showed viewers an “official government” earthquake report which “proved” that the western half of California would collapse into the sea within three years. For $100, he said, Jones would insure your house and property for full value. Thousands of people who saw that TV ad sent him a hundred dollars each.
In another TV ad, Jones claimed that he had come to an agreement with the federal and state government for exclusive(独享的)air rights. He told viewers that, for only $100, they could own the first 10 miles above all their property. You would be able to charge any commercial plane that flew over your property $100 per crossing. You would also be able to charge government rockets, satellites, space shuttles, and space stations $100 for each and every violation of your air rights.
Another time, Jones claimed to have invented a product that gets rid of calories. He showed the viewers a spray can of “NoCal.” He said that by simply spraying NoCal on your food, a chemical interaction would cause all the calories in the food to simply disappear within about 10 seconds. The NoCal was only $10 a can. As usual, Jones received thousands of checks in the mail.
The judge told Jones that he should be ashamed of himself. Jones responded that he was very ashamed of himself, and that when he got out of prison he hoped to become a TV adviser to help people avoid getting cheated. He told the judge that he was already developing an instructional CD that, for merely $100, would save people thousands of dollars in scams(骗局). The judge nodded, and then changed Jones’ sentence from 10 years to 12 years.
1. According to Jones, he could successfully cheat many people mainly because _____.| A．he promised them a large profit. |
| B．they were too eager to make money. |
| C．they believed too much in TV. |
| D．he was skillful in communicating with people. |
| A．Jones showed unusual imagination in his tricks. |
| B．Jones was closely related to the state government. |
| C．Western California was in danger of going under the sea. |
| D．Jones felt guilty and was determined to lead a new life. |
| A．were mainly from low income families. |
| B．all had a rich knowledge of chemistry. |
| C．were probably interested in losing weight. |
| D．usually did the shopping through the Internet. |
| A．Jones was planning another big scam. |
| B．Jones denied what he had done. |
| C．Jones had cheated more people than he expected. |
| D．he had suffered from Jones’ scams himself. |
【推荐1】Which is better for Earth: an electric or gas-powered vehicle? The answer to this question might seem blindingly obvious. Of course electric cars must be better for the environment, because they don’t give off greenhouse gases as people drive. However, electric vehicles (EVs) aren’t perfect, and they come with their own set of polluting problems. Their batteries require a large amount of energy to produce.
Battery production is just one part of an electric car’s life span. A study looked at the entire life cycle of an EV’s emissions(排放)，from mining the metals for the batteries to producing the electricity needed to power them, and then compared this with the average emissions of a gas-powered vehicle. The team found that when EVs are charged with coal-powered electricity, they’re actually worse for the environment than gas-powered cars.
“Only when connected to the clean energy do EVs have an advantage over the gas-powered cars on a greenhouse gas basis,” said Colin Sheppard, an expert in energy and transportation systems. That’s why more and more countries are decreasing the power supply from coal. In China, the national grid is improving with more efforts in renewable energy. For example, it has twice as much wind energy capacity as the U.S. and it builds more solar panels per year than any other countries.
Sheppard has modelled a future in which all cars are electric. “We want to understand what it might be like if all passenger vehicles were electrified.” The model suggests that if all vehicles in the U.S. were electric, greenhouse-gas emissions would be 46% less every year. This reduction could be increased even further if those vehicles were using a technique known as “smart charging” in which cars are recharged at chosen times (often at night) to reduce the cost of electricity.
In short, it’s far easier to argue for buying an EV than a gas-powered vehicle. But what about the cost? Aren’t electric vehicles too expensive for most people?
1. In which case do EVs get more heavy-polluted than gas-powered cars?| A．Being powered only by batteries. |
| B．Using coal-powered electricity. |
| C．Starting to give off greenhouse gases. |
| D．Replacing gas-powered vehicles entirely. |
| A．With a discussion. | B．With an examination. |
| C．With a comparison. | D．With a questionnaire. |
| A．China is making advances in renewable energy. |
| B．Compared with gas-powered cars, EVs are at an advantage. |
| C．There is still room for the development of EVs. |
| D．It’s not a challenge to choose between EVs and gas-powered cars. |
| A．Inventing green gas-powered vehicles. |
| B．Developing environment-friendly grids. |
| C．Getting rid of fossil energy like coal and oil. |
| D．Making electric vehicles more affordable. |
【推荐2】Our particular parenting style reflects our own way of “looking”. Here’s a great piece of writing reflecting parent’s particular ways on the parenting style that have become known humorously as helicopter parenting and submarine (潜水艇) parenting.
Helicopter parents hover over their children, managing every aspect of their child’s life. On the contrary, submarine parents remain “hidden” coming to the surface when guidance is needed.
While helicopter parents may have the best intentions, in reality, they are raising children with few problem-solving skills. Children with hovering parents never get the chance to face disappointment and build up their own ability to recover from misfortune.
Think about your typical submarine. Submarines usually remain underwater. In case of a need for emergency surfacing, submarines can rise so quickly that they are driven partially out of the water. Submarine parents also remain out of sight, yet able to pop up in the case of an emergency.
I admit I’m a submarine mom. My job as a parent is to have fun with my daughters while letting them explore and learn natural consequences.
My older daughter found herself acting in commercials and making more than minimum wage as a teen. To give her a sense of the real world, I insisted she spend three weeks every summer, picking strawberries and earning $3.50 on a good day.
When my youngest daughter Sondra was six, she wanted a very expensive American Girl Doll. I cut the full color 18-inch picture out of the American Girl catalogue and had it laminated (压膜). “Here’s your American Girl Doll.” I said, “When you turn nine, I’ll buy you the 3D doll on your birthday.” Sondra played with her flat doll for months, making clothes and furniture for her. She learned creativity. I saved $88.00.
1. The passage is mainly about _________.| A．various means of growing up | B．funny experiences of a mom |
| C．humorous stories about parents | D．different styles of parenting |
| A．leave behind | B．fly away |
| C．watch over | D．set aside |
| A．They give their children proper guidance. |
| B．They try to do everything for their children. |
| C．They teach their children how to face failures. |
| D．They help their children explore by themselves. |
| A．has good parenting skills | B．is always making promises |
| C．is strict with her daughter | D．tries her best to save money |
| A．stating facts and offering advice |
| B．using figures and giving evidence |
| C．analyzing data and drawing conclusions |
| D．making comparisons and giving examples |
【推荐3】Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.
In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on & child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.
In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.
In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.
Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.
Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering on.”
1. Imitation proves useful when you ______.| A．know you are unique | B．lose the balance of life |
| C．begin to learn something new | D．get tired of routine practice |
| A．complains. | B．beautifies. | C．dominates. | D．rejects. |
| A．the lack of strong motivation | B．the absence of practical ideas |
| C．how to search for more materials | D．how to use imagination creatively |
| A．To highlight the importance of creativity. | B．To criticize the characters of role models. |
| C．To compare imitation with creation. | D．To explain the meaning of success. |
【推荐1】Tips for Taking Online Classes
If you’re considering taking online college courses, the tips and advice below can help you address their unique challenges to get the most value out of your online program.
1. Hold yourself accountable
Without professors actively reminding you, it’s up to you to make sure you’ve set aside enough time to complete assigned work. If you’re having trouble holding yourself accountable, pair up with a fellow classmate. By being organized and self-aware, you can get the most from your online class.
2. Practice time management.
The flexibility to create your own schedule is often one of the biggest appeals of taking online classes. But that freedom can also be detrimental if you do not have solid time management skills. Without them, you might find yourself cramming before classes or handing in poor-quality assignments.
Make note of major assignments. Mark them on a calendar you check regularly so you know what workload is coming in the weeks ahead.
Create a weekly schedule that you follow, designating certain hours each week to reading, watching lectures, completing assignments, studying, and participating in forums.
When working on your assignments, try time-blocking, distributing yourself a certain amount of time for each task before moving on to the next one and setting a timer to keep you accountable.
3. Eliminate distractions
Regardless of where you choose to work, consider turning your cell phone off to avoid losing focus every time a text message or notification pops up. And if you’re still having trouble resisting the temptation to check your email or surf the web, try downloading a website blocker. Using applications like Cold Turkey and Freedom can help eliminate distractions by blocking the apps or websites that tend to complete for your attention, such as Facebook and Twitter.
Online classes are an excellent option to help you earn that degree you need to fulfill your goals such as job promotion. Though they come with their own unique challenges, following the advice above can help you be successful even in the most chaotic of times.
1. Which of the following ways keeps you from holding yourself accountable?| A．Surfing websites that complete for your attention. |
| B．Writing down schedules regularly on a calender. |
| C．Setting a timer for the task being completed. |
| D．Finding a classmate for mutual supervision. |
| A．By ignoring notification that pops up. | B．By downloading a website blocker. |
| C．By avoiding losing focus. | D．By trying time-blocking. |
| A．a website blocker is used for effectively filtering useless websites |
| B．making note of assignments helps you figure out what workload comes first |
| C．weekly schedule involves designating certain hours to different daily routines |
| D．time management skills help you optimize the flexibility to create your schedule |
【推荐2】Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.
Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110 year old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use email to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fastfood restaurant or under the trees — anywhere at all!
Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too.
At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said，“Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”
1. The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to ________.| A．use for their schoolwork |
| B．access the Internet |
| C．work at home |
| D．connect them to libraries |
| A．attend lectures on information technology |
| B．travel around the world |
| C．get information from around the world |
| D．have free laptops |
| A．The program is successful. |
| B．The program is not workable. |
| C．The program is too expensive. |
| D．We don't know the result yet. |
【推荐3】Being social and emotional from an early age is likely to help children win acceptance by their peers, build better relationships with teachers, and further academic learning. According to research, pretend play is a teaching tool that can be used to stimulate a child’s all-round development.
A curriculum based on this approach has been introduced in classes of pupils aged five and six by a research team from the University of Geneva. The study shows that pupils who followed the curriculum increased their emotional recognition capacities and emotional level compared to a control group. The use of pretend play as a teaching tool enables children to acquire emotional skills. with a potential positive effect on their prosocial(亲社会的) behavior and, in the longer term, on their academic success.
“Potential leads for learning do exist,” says Sylvie Richard. “We know already that pretend play promotes the understanding and regulation of emotions together with prosocial behavior in the early stages of schooling.”
Pretend play gives children the opportunity to use their imagination, in particular by means of scenarios(剧本)that they invent and the roles they play. For instance, they can pretend to be wizard or witch who’s making a kind of magic water that will send a dangerous dragon to sleep. The child creates the rules, adjusts them to suit their situation, and calls on their imagination”, explains Sylvie Richard.
A total of 79 children took part in the research, with the results showing an improvement in the recognition of emotions, particularly anger. The children also built up their emotional vocabulary. “The results suggest, on the one hand, that it’s essential to design a teaching system that takes pretend play into account as areas of knowledge that should be taught. On the other hand, the study shows that using this kind of play helps children experiment,” concludes Sylvie Richard. Given its success, the study is continuing with a more extensive curriculum, which is being carried out now in Geneva.
1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?| A．To introduce the topic of the text. |
| B．To explain the beginning of the research. |
| C．To encourage children to help their peers. |
| D．To stress the importance of academic learning. |
| A．Becoming a wizard or a witch |
| B．Controlling the mood of anger. |
| C．Mastering more emotional words. |
| D．Inventing scenarios with imagination. |
| A．Experiments of making a magic water. |
| B．Courses related to pretend play in Geneva. |
| C．Long-lasting influence of the research in Geneva. |
| D．Children involving in the recognition of emotions |
| A．Pretend play to “school” children’s emotions |
| B．Pretend play to increase children’s knowledge. |
| C．A learning rule to call on children’s imagination. |
| D．A curriculum to achieve children’s academic success. |
