When Benjamin Cherkasky was in eighth grade, he quit the swim team. It wasn't because he lacked the passion; he just couldn't accept failures in matches. "I'm not Michael Phelps. Why am I even on the team?" he said. "My perfectionism prompted very high expectations, and that caused real suffering," he said.
Cherkasky is not alone in feeling that perfectionism can cause anxiety. So many millennials (千禧一代)suffer from the problems of being a perfectionist that psychologists are issuing warnings and schools are emphasizing the need to accept failure.
Jessica Pryor, a leading psychologist, said every generation is a sponge (海绵)for the messages it receives. "Millennials, more than any other generation in American society, are receiving clear messages about achieving," she said. "But there's an absence of the message that trying your hardest is still OK."
In college, Cherkasky found himself surrounded by so many intelligent people that he felt he should have been achieving a higher level than he was. "It makes you feel kind of crazy." he said. This type of thinking can lead people to putting in less effort, which as they fall behind, can create more anxiety. "It makes people feel kind of isolated." And that Cherkasky added, "can cause students to distance themselves from their school".
The American Psychological Association also found out that recent generations of college students have reported higher levels of perfectionism than earlier generations.
Researchers noted that social media adds pressure, along with the drive to earn money and achieve career goals. Perfectionists often create even higher goals, which can lead to a higher risk of failure.
1. What does the underlined word "prompted" in paragraph 1 mean?A.Led to. | B.Met with. | C.Resulted from. | D.went against. |
A.are unwilling to work hard. |
B.desire nothing but to succeed. |
C.should learn to deal with pressure. |
D.need the message that failure is acceptable when trying their best. |
A.the problems of college education |
B.the bad influence of fellow students |
C.the harmful effects of being a perfectionist |
D.the pressure most college students experience |
A.To share some experiences of a college student. |
B.To show the reasons for becoming a perfectionist. |
C.To present the findings of a research on college life. |
D.To raise public concern over a problem of millennials. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Reading is an exercise for the mind. It is good for our vocabulary and literacy skills, teaching us math or science concepts and helping us learn history.
Research shows that human brains react differently to stories and facts. Many more areas of your brain light up when you’re enjoying a story, and your brain thinks you are in the story.
Empathy helps you to read people’s emotions and work out the best way to respond. This skill, called emotional intelligence (EI), can make it easier to communicate and connect with people.
Reading encourages us to empathise with others, which could potentially lead to several beneficial outcomes. Not only are we more likely to engage in helpful behaviors when we feel empathy for other people, but others are also more likely to help us when they experience empathy.
A.Apart from those, reading has another benefit. |
B.In a way, all this increases our ability to read well. |
C.This theory of EI has been put into practice in schools. |
D.This permits people to understand the emotions that others are feeling. |
E.This means you experience the characters’ thoughts as if they were real. |
F.Research shows that building this intelligence can lead to greater tolerance. |
G.For society to develop, communicative and empathetic individuals really matter. |
【推荐2】When children complain "It’s not fair!" they’re not just doing it to be annoying—their brains prefer equality in the doling out of everything from candy to money.
Researchers at California Institute of Technology used an MRI to look at how the brain processes rewards. They were looking at how the brain reacts to "inequality aversion", or not liking it when things aren’t fair.
What they found was that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum-both associated with reward in the brain-reacted strongly to inequality even when the inequality was in their favor.
"It could have worked out in the opposite way, such that these reward processing regions might only have responded in a self-interested way and the reason that people showed inequality aversion in the lab is because they wanted to appear fair but in reality they only cared about themselves," says Tricomi, a professor of psychology.
The researchers gave some participants $50 while others began with nothing. Then, while they were in the MRI, they were presented with a series of possible money transfers. Sometimes they would be given more money; sometimes another person would get more. As the subjects thought about this money transfer, the researchers looked to see how their brains reacted.
As they’d expected, people who started out "poor" in the experiment had the strongest brain reaction when they were given money, and didn’t really react when money went to the "rich" person.
But in a surprise finding, the "rich" participants reacted just as strongly to the "poor" person getting money as they did when they themselves got money.
"Their brains weren’t simply wired for self-interest, but for fairness all around," says Tricomi.
1. How do people with inequality aversion react?A.They dislike rewards. | B.They prefer equality. |
C.They prefer inequality. | D.They hope to get rewards. |
A.To increase inequality. | B.To reduce inequality. |
C.To create a fair situation. | D.To create an unfair situation. |
A.They were given no money at first. | B.They were given little money at first. |
C.They were given no money all the time. | D.They were given little money all the time. |
A.Our Brains Dislike Inequality | B.Our Brains Prefer Having Less |
C.Our Brains Respond Strongly to Money | D.Our Brains Respond Differently to Money |
【推荐3】Art therapy involves the use of creative techniques such as drawing, painting, coloring, or sculpting to help people express themselves artistically and examine the psychological and emotional undertones(言外之意). With the guidance of an art therapist, clients can “decode(解码)” the nonverbal messages in these art forms, which lead to a better understanding of their feelings and behavior so they can resolve deeper issues.
Art therapy helps people explore their emotions, relieve stress, improve symptoms of anxiety and depression, and cope with a physical illness or disability. No artistic talent is necessary for art therapy to succeed, because the therapeutic process is not about the artistic value of the work, but rather about finding associations between the creative choices made and a client’s inner life. The artwork can be used as a springboard(跳板)for reawakening memories and telling stories that may reveal messages and beliefs from the unconscious mind.
As with any form of therapy, your first session will consist of your talking to the therapist about why you want to find help and learning what the therapist has to offer. Together, you will come up with a treatment plan that involves creating some forms of artwork. Once you begin creating, the therapist may, at times, simply observe your process as you work, without interrupting. When you have finished a piece of artwork—and sometimes while you are still working on it—the therapist will ask you questions of how you feel about the artistic process, what is easy or difficult about creating your artwork, and what thoughts or memories you might have had while you are working. Generally, the therapist will ask about your experience and feelings before providing any comments.
Art therapy is founded on the belief that self-expression through artistic creation has therapeutic value for those who are healing or seeking deeper understanding of themselves. Art therapists are trained to understand the roles that various art media like color can play in the therapeutic process and how these tools can help reveal one’s thoughts and feelings.
1. According to the passage, which of the following matters little in the therapeutic process?A.The style of the work. |
B.The emotions of the client. |
C.The artistic value of the work. |
D.The memories of the client. |
A.communicating with the client |
B.designing a treatment plan |
C.observing the creating techniques |
D.recalling the experience and feelings |
A.Art therapists need to have strong belief in themselves. |
B.Choices of art elements reflect people’s inner world. |
C.Little training is needed to become an art therapist. |
D.Clients are required to use different tools to show themselves. |
A.To teach people to be art therapists. |
B.To praise the devotion of therapists. |
C.To explain the origin of art therapy. |
D.To popularize knowledge of art therapy. |
【推荐1】Fat-shaming comments and weight-loss advice from classmates and relatives have been a constant in my life for years. One vivid memory is from ninth grade when a friend embarrassed my sister in the cinema by calling her “fat”. In university, this pattern continued with my uncle’s frequent questioning about my diet and progress in losing weight.
As a former therapist, I guided clients on body image and coping with hurtful comments, advising them to set boundaries with well-meaning but critical relatives. As for myself, I've always had to avoid questions about my body, while recognizing the natural curiosity that arises when we notice our friends’ bodies experiencing noticeable changes. It's human nature to compare ourselves to our peers.
With more weight-related ads all over bus shelters, TV and your social media feed, it's hard not to feel the impact. But is commenting on others' weight loss ever appropriate?
However well-intentioned, remarks about weight loss can be quite hurtful, says clinical psychologist Elizabeth Fedrick. Even if curiosity gets the better of you, it’s not necessary or acceptable to mention a friend’s weight gain or loss.
“We often think we’re being supportive, but in reality, saying ‘You lost weight — you look great’ actually implies that they didn’t before, or that they need to be a certain weight to look great,” says Fedrick. Such remarks can be uncomfortable and fatphobic.
Fatphobia extends beyond harmful comments; it’s also present in subtle clothing suggestions and judgments over dessert. This prejudice links our sense of self-worth closely to thinness, falsely associating it with health. To address this issue, we must value all bodies, reject food-shaming, and promote body positivity by accepting ourselves at any weight or size.
“Praise for appearance changes isn’t always welcome,” says Fedrick, “Instead, showing understanding and asking open questions”. She cautions against assuming weight loss equals good health, as it can sometimes indicate health issues or disordered eating. Fedrick says focusing on a person’s character or appearance isn’t effective support; rather, caring about their well-being as a whole person is key.
1. Why does the writer mention his uncle in Paragraph 1?A.To introduce his uncle to readers. |
B.To share his vivid memory about his uncle. |
C.To show his relatives’ concern for his weight. |
D.To make a comparison between classmates and relatives. |
A.You are pretty just to be yourself. |
B.You look great in whatever clothes. |
C.I think you’d better not order that cake. |
D.I’m glad you’re making health a priority. |
A.A person’s diet. | B.A person’s well-being. |
C.A person’s characters. | D.A person’s weight loss. |
A.The challenges of weight loss. | B.The importance of body positivity. |
C.The impact of media on body image. | D.The harm of weight-related comments. |
【推荐2】Even smart people can make terrible decisions. Generally, it’s not because they spent time deliberating and somehow arrived at the wrong answer.
The siren call of your inbox can be hard to resist. Yet research suggests that switching between tasks — say, doing research and checking for new email — takes up to 40 percent longer than doing one at a time. Even when you think you’re being more productive by multitasking, you’re probably not.
Staying seated all day
Office jobs doesn’t contribute to getting a lot of physical activity.
Listening to music while you work
You might feel more productive when you listen to music while doing focused work — but you’re probably not really. In 2015, neuroscientist and musician Daniel Levitin, who cited a growing body of research suggesting that, in almost every case, your performance on intellectual tasks (thinking, reading or writing) suffers considerably when you listen to music.
Choosing foods that seem nutritious — but aren’t really
Don’t believe the hype — know the facts about your food.
Staying up too late
Scientists have identified a common phenomenon they call “bedtime procrastination”: Failing to go to bed at the intended time, while no external circumstances prevent a person from doing so. For example, you keep watching one episode after another of a not-that-interesting TV show.
A.Constantly checking your email. |
B.This isn’t just silly — it can be dangerous. |
C.Keeping your phone off your desk at work. |
D.It’s because they didn’t spend any time thinking at all. |
E.But you don’t need to be up and about for hours at a time. |
F.In a 2005 study, scientists make a list of foods that you think are bad for you, but aren’t really. |
G.Business Insider’s Erin Brodwin put together a list of foods that you think are good for you, but aren’t and foods that you think are bad for you, but aren’t really. |
An inferiority complex(自卑情结) as the name suggests is a complex in which an individual has strong feelings of inferiority. While we all have weak points, the person with an inferiority complex will focus on these weaknesses and use them to evaluate their overall worth. As a result, they see themselves generally less important or successful than others.
In some cases inferiority complex can lead to overcompensation. Here the individual does everything in his power to overcome his inferiority and this can mean that they end up in highly successful jobs, gaining great wealth and succeeding in powerful relationships. However while such a person might be a high achiever, a sense of inferiority will mean that they will always be less happy than they could be and it may have other negative impacts on their life.
Another possible outcome of an inferiority complex is that the individual ends up backing down from difficult situations and acting without any sense of worth or entitlemen(t 权利). Here the person’s low self belief changes the way he behaves, and that in turn changes the way he is treated by others which in turn results in him actually becoming inferior in some ways.
There are many factors that may lead to inferiority, but they tend to be the result of conditioned beliefs that come from continuous failure or criticism. Often parental attitudes can result in an inferiority complex if the child did not receive the right encouragement or unconditional love when growing up. In some cases an inferiority complex could also arise as a result of some kind of defect(缺陷) either physical or mental.
If you are suffering from an inferiority complex, it's time that you did something about it.
One of the very best ways to improve your self esteem is to find a loving partner. This is a great way to make you more confident as he or she will love you for who you are and always be there to support you and increase your confidence. Another is to take up a hobby. Find one thing that you are good at and then get your confidence from that. For instance, you might choose to take up a sport or woodwork, and then you can practice getting better at that and gain more confidence. Moreover, you can turn to self-help book. If you find the right books and follow the advice carefully, then it is possible to transform the way you view yourself and the way you present yourself.
Concept of an inferiority complex | An inferiority complex refers to a |
Outcomes of an inferiority complex | ● People with an inferiority complex may misjudge their value and consider other people ● People with an inferiority complex are likely to spare no ● An inferiority complex can lead people to |
● People who often lose out or are blamed continuously are more ● Children having no ● Physical or mental disabilities can increase the chances of an inferiority complex. | |
Suggestions on overcoming an inferiority complex | ● Find a loving partner who will always love you and be around to ● Choose something you are ● Find the most suitable self-help books and do as they advise, and you can change |
【推荐1】A new report shows that most American fourth and eighth graders did not do well in math and reading tests. The latest so-called “Nation' s Report Card” was published last week.
There were some exceptions. Students in Washington, D. C. made important gains in both reading and math this year, according to the National Assessment of Education Progress. Students in the state of Mississippi also made major improvements compared to earlier reports.
Nationally, however, America' s eighth graders are falling behind in math and reading. And, math scores among fourth graders also decreased. Only a little more than one-third of eighth graders are proficient in reading and math. About a third of fourth graders are proficient readers. Over 40 percent are considered proficient in math.
U. S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos said the overall national results show a student achievement crisis(危机). She also said the problem cannot be fixed by giving more money to public schools. Instead, she called for expanded school choice. This includes her suggestions for greater dependence on privately run schools.
DeVos said last week that American children continue to fall behind students of the same grade in other countries. But with education freedom, American students can compete.
Scott Sargrad is with the Center for American Progress. He writes about education at the kindergarten through 12th grade levels, or K-12. He thinks DeVos is wrong and that “money matters in education.” The falling scores are because of lower spending on education following the Great Recession(经济衰退) of 2008.
1. What does the latest Nation's Report Card tell us about American students?A.None of the American students do well in math. |
B.The majority of eighth graders are poor at reading. |
C.Fourth graders in Mississippi fall behind those in other states. |
D.Students from Washington, D. C. made no improvements at all. |
A.Poor. | B.Skilled. | C.Slow. | D.Puzzled. |
A.Because of schools’ poor management. | B.Because of a lack of money in education. |
C.Because of limited educational freedom. | D.Because of students ’dependence on schools. |
A.K-12 is an educational institute. |
B.Scott Sargrad is in favor of DeVos’ideas. |
C.Spending more money on education is the solution. |
D.Many educational problems led to the Great Recession. |
【推荐2】With his study going, Brian Wisenden might be the envy of the world: watching baby fish swimming freely through the clear waters of tropical dry forest in the Costa Rica. By recording their growth and numbers, he hoped to look at their risks of being eaten. Instead, he witnessed something strange. Many groups were increasing in numbers. In these groups, some were smaller than others, suggesting they weren’t siblings. Wisenden had accidentally discovered that the fish, called convict cichlids, adopt each other’s babies. Why would they do that, he wondered?
In the human world, we think of adoption as a selfless act. But in nature, its presence is puzzling. Taking on the burden of bringing up babies with no genetic link would seem to reduce an animal’s chance of survival or at least provide no gain. Yet, adoption is surprisingly common in the natural world.
Take the eastern grey kangaroo. Between 2008 and 2013, Wisenden followed the fates of 326 baby kangaroos in the Wilsons Promontory National Park in Victoria and recorded 11 cases of pouch (育儿袋) swapping. The circumstances behind some of these adoptions aren’t known, but four were straight swaps and another four occurred after a mother had lost her own baby. How come? Before independence, baby kangaroos go through a period inside and outside their mother’s pouch. Following out-of-pouch attempts, mothers normally sniff (嗅) their young before allowing them back in, but Wisenden’s team suspect that during an emergency they may omit the sniff test, allowing a weak baby to quickly climb in before fleeing from danger.
Some of nature’s adoptions are, actually, driven by young. In burrower bugs (土蝽), for example, females lay a nest of eggs close to those of unrelated bugs. Mother bugs tend their developing eggs before they hatch, and then feed their babies nuts from weedy mint plants. Finding nuts is a competitive business, so not every mother bug gets her fair share. And if the delivery rate isn’t up to standard, clever young may abandon their mothers to join a better-fed group.
The consequences of adoption following mistaken identity can be horrible. The true babies of adopting mothers were abandoned. But it can have remarkable benefits, not just for adoptees but also for adoptive parents.
1. What can we learn about Wisenden’s research about baby fish?A.It found a new way to protect forests. | B.It showed a genetic similarity in fish. |
C.It put many rare species at risk. | D.It was beyond his expectations. |
A.Repeat. | B.Skip. | C.Follow. | D.Take. |
A.To seek for better parenting. | B.To live in warmer nests. |
C.To adapt to competition earlier. | D.To reproduce. |
A.The processes of accidental adoption. | B.The drawbacks of accidental adoption. |
C.The advantages of accidental adoption. | D.The causes of accidental adoption. |
【推荐3】“Mirror mirror on the wall, who’s the fairest of them all?” An old tale tells seemingly unbelievable story of a magic mirror, but now the magic is no longer unachievable.
In August 2018, news went viral (广为传播的) that the police had caught criminal suspects who attended Chinese singer Jacky Cheung’s concerts. How did the police pick out the suspects among thousands of screaming fans? The helping hand is Al facial recognition technology. The low-key yet powerful tool is no longer far-fetched, but entering the world of China’s top investors and companies.
Facial recognition is a technology able to identify a person from digital image or a frame from a video source. Tang Wenbin, CTO of Face++, an Al computer vision technology company in China, vividly explained the workflow. According to him, facial recognition is the identification of our appearance, including knowing the sex, age and identity of a person. You may think it is like a brain or a neural network. You use data to train it, and then, it learns the pattern.
Facial recognition technology has been traditionally allied with the security work but today there is active expansion into other industries including mobile phones, marketing and finance.
Chinese start-ups have seen the potential of AI facial recognition for simplifying and speeding up tasks in multiple industries. And the market is now crowded and competitive.
China is starting the Al revolution and has made breakthroughs in facial recognition. “If applying AI to different industries is a marathon, the companies there probably have just got off the blocks.” said Tian Feng, director of Alibaba Cloud Research Center. He also thinks that in the future, everybody will be able to use AI as it will soon become a basic tool for work and life.
1. Why does the author mention mirrors in Paragraph 1?A.To imply that such magical mirror is achievable. |
B.To lead to the topic that such magic has become reality. |
C.To prove that old tales are based on true stories. |
D.To describe the background of facial recognition. |
A.Content with. | B.Compared with. | C.Burdened with. | D.Associated with. |
A.Favorable. | B.Pessimistic. | C.Indifferent. | D.Objective. |
A.Breakthroughs of Chinese Technology | B.Effects of AI Technology |
C.The Eye of AI in China | D.Facial Recognition in Security |
【推荐1】McDonalds, KFC, Burger King, Jack in the Box... These fast food companies have something in common. Can you spot it?
Besides all being fast food chains, they’re all red. And it’s not a coincidence. Color is one of the many strategies companies use to connect with customers. And if swearing off fast food wasn’t hard enough, those colorful red logos might make it even harder to ignore.
Fast food companies all use the color red heavily in their logos. Why? The answer goes back thousands of years. The average human can see ten million colors, but red is special. It’s one of the first colors our ancient ancestors thought important enough to name. In early human languages, there were words for “black!” and “white” and “red” but not much else. In fact, blue didn’t show up until thousands of years later in 200 A. D.
As a result, we have a deeper connection to red than any other color on the spectrum and we react to it in certain ways that actually play to fast food companies’ advantage. For starters, researchers have found that red can bring a sense of urgency into our minds. In addition to that, it also has a born ability to whet our appetites. And when you pair those two together you’ve got the perfect recipe to attract hungry customers who want food, fast So that red logo isn’t just a welcoming sign, it’s a sly attraction to your brain.
In fact, red is one of the few colors today that cultures all over the world view positively. And it’s no wonder companies dedicate so much thought to their logos. After all, we’re a visual creature. Despite having five senses, 80% of the information our brains process on a daily basis comes from our eyes. Colors are what give brands that impressive stamp of recognition.
1. Why do fast food companies prefer the color red?A.To highlight the importance of red in human history. |
B.To help customers out in case of emergency. |
C.To welcome and fascinate customers. |
D.To stand out among various brands. |
A.lose | B.affect |
C.increase | D.exchange |
A.Positive. | B.Uncertain. |
C.Doubtful. | D.Negative. |
A.Color Psychology: a Fun Study |
B.Why Are So Many Fast Food Logos Red? |
C.Food Culture: a Healthy Trend |
D.Why Are Fast Food Companies So Popular? |
【推荐2】I grew up with easy access to books,and I’ve always felt that I benefited from it,even if it was as simple as always having something to do.For that reason,I make sure that the children who are a part of my life also have books,often giving them as gifts.
This desire to surround kids with books isn't just in my head.A recent study has demonstrated that children who grow up with home libraries perform better later in life when it comes to literacy(读写能力),applying math skills to everyday life and learning how to use digital technology.Reading is a gift that keeps on giving,apparently.
The study collected data from 160,000 adults from across 31 countries who participated in the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies(PIAAC).The PIAAC measures adults'skills in three categories:literacy,numeracy(计算能力)and digital literacy.
Participants in the PIAAC were asked to estimate how many books were in their households by the time they were 16 years old.The average number in the study was 115 books,but the actual numbers would vary from country to country.Turkish participants averaged 27,while those in Norway had 212 and kids in the UK had 143.The study found that the more books that were present in the home,the better the adults scored in the PIAAC evaluations.
Homes needed to have roughly 80 books to have any impact on the teens,raising PIAAC scores to the average level.Literacy scores in particular improved when more books were available,though they became steady at around 350 books.Numeracy skills improved in similar ways to literacy.Solving problems with digital technologies also saw improvement,but the score gains weren't as steep as they were for literacy or numeracy.
Access to books also helped to bridge education differences.Those who grew up without many books in the home and received university degrees performed roughly the same as those who had access to large home libraries and only completed nine years of school.
1. What is the author's attitude towards children reading books?A.Unconcerned. | B.Doubtful. | C.Cautious. | D.Approving. |
A.the only way to raise PIAAC scores is to read books |
B.the purpose of the PIAAC is to measure one's reading,math and technology skills |
C.participants from the UK performed best in the PIAAC |
D.the more kinds of books one reads at home,the higher score one will get in the PIAAC |
A.Access to books can help one receive a university degree. |
B.Bookish adolescence can make up for a shorter education. |
C.Those who grew up without many books wouldn't receive a university degree. |
D.People with a basic education performed better than those with a higher level of education. |
A.Reading Lots of Books as a Kid Helps Later in Life |
B.Reading Books Helps Improve One's Intelligence |
C.Reading-The Best Way to Improve One's Social Skills |
D.Why Reading Makes One a Better Person |
【推荐3】Around this time a few years ago, it was common to see videos of friends on social media having a bucket of icy water thrown on them. Known as the “ice bucket challenge”, it was created as a way to raise money for the medical condition ALS. But now, there’s a new challenge and this time, no water is involved.
What is it? Well, think of a fruit that you’d never normally sink your teeth into. Perhaps you’ve got it: a lemon. While we enjoy using lemons to add flavor to dishes, very few of us would actually eat one as we’d eat an apple or an orange.
But the horrible taste is the precise reason why the “lemon face challenge” is taking off. Participants bite into a lemon, taking a selfie as they do it before posting the photo online. The fun is all about expression people make as all that citric acid(柠檬酸)hits their taste buds(味蕾). Every expression seems to say, “This is worse than freezing water.”
The serious side to this trend is the good cause it’s all in aid of. The challenge aims to raise awareness of a rare brain cancer that affects young children. It was started by Aubregh Nicholas, an 11-year-old US kid. She was diagnosed with this rare brain cancer herself in September 2017, but has since raised almost $50000 to cover her medical expenses thanks to the challenge.
If a challenge is going to raise publicity and contributions from people, it has to be something interesting and original. That way the ice bucket challenge took off in 2014 and it explains why so many people are now sharing their lemon faces. There are a lot of stories about the downside of social media these days. The charity challenges, however, show how online culture can unite the world and bring help to the people who most need it.
1. Why is the icy bucket challenge mentioned in the article?A.to show how charity gained its popularity online. |
B.to introduce a similar challenge that raises money for charity. |
C.to attract people’s attention to a rare disease. |
D.to prove its popularity around the world. |
A.It raises more money than ever before. |
B.It is started by the people who suffer rare diseases. |
C.It brings people together easily and quickly. |
D.It causes little doubt among people . |
A.go away suddenly | B.become successful and popular |
C.remove your clothes | D.take a break |
A.positive | B.indifferent |
C.negative | D.ambiguous |