Next time you toss rotten lettuce or moldy(发霉的)berries, think about this: globally, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization, we waste more than a third of the food we produce.
To fight that lad, a group of Swedish graduate students in the Food Innovation and Product Design program at Lund University have come up with a way to use produce that is about to go to waste — and to help people who have limited access to food.
They're calling it FoPo Food Powder, and it's exactly what it sounds like: dried, powdered, shelf- stable fruits and vegetables, which can be dropped into relief efforts after natural disasters or distributed in low-resource areas where fresh food and refrigeration are both hard to come by.
Kent Ngo, the leader of the group, said growing up in the Philippines he'd seen how typhoons and other natural disasters cut people off from their food supply, and how important it was to have food options that were easy to access in a relief situation.
''Today a relief bag for humanitarian disasters contains various foods such as strawberry jam, peanut butter and peas in tomato sauce.We think that an easily transported pack of cheap dried food powder with high nutritional value would fit in perfectly, '' Ngo says.
The makers of FoPo are currently running a pilot program in Manila・ For their first run, they're drying calamansi, a kind of orange that Ngo says tastes like a mix of lime and tangerine （橘子）.There is a large quantity of it, it's not available in other places, and it is easy for their Philippine manufacturing program to dry and powder. Also, to broaden their reach, they’re working with commercial distributors and producers that want to use FoPo in their food products, like cake mixes and ice cream. Consumers can also add it into food or drinks, or use it in baking.
''I was a bit surprised that the calamansi powder lasted so good, '' Ngo says. "I can't wait for the mango and pineapple powder. ''
1. Why did the students make the powder?| A．To earn money. | B．To help the poor. |
| C．To reduce the waste. | D．To do a graduate program. |
| A．It is of little nutritional value. | B．It can be kept for a long time. |
| C．Il got the name after the inventor. | D．It is specially for natural disasters. |
| A．It's marketed three kinds of powder. |
| B．It's won the approval of the consumers. |
| C．It started with the powder of a popular fruit. |
| D．It got support to promote the products, |
| A．Needing to be improved. | B．Better than expected. |
| C．Environmentally friendly. | D．Ready for mass production. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】A few years ago, bubble tea(奶茶) exploded as a popular drink for Internet foodies(吃货) everywhere. Many take this Taiwanese drink as a guilt-free snack similar to juice or a cup of coffee. After all, it has the word “tea” in it, so it has to be healthy…right?
Not quite. Like coffee, bubble tea’s ingredients(成分，配料) might not be so bad on their own, but when they’re loaded with sweetener(甜味剂) and artificial flavor(人工香料), they lose their nutritional(营养的) value fast.
It all starts with those “bubbles” found at the bottom of your drink, which are actually round pieces of tapioca(木薯淀粉). Called “tapioca pearls(珍珠),” they’re actually made from a vegetable that grows in South America. And as it turns out, those little balls are loaded with sugar—and not the nutritious, fiber-rich(富含纤维) kinds found in whole grains(全麦类), either.
Cooking tapioca pearls only makes it worse. They’re typically fried in hot water, along with even more added sugar, for up to three hours. By that point, these balls could have nearly 160 calories per ¼ cup.
And don’t even get us started on what comes in the extra syrups(糖浆). Thanks to all those processed(加工的) ingredients, the average bubble tea can easily reach 300 to 400 calories per cup!
On top of being an unhealthy habit, bubble tea could even shorten your life. In 2012, a group of German researchers from the University Hospital Aachen reportedly found aspolychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, in tapioca ball samples. These cancer-causing chemicals have also been shown to have other bad effects on the immune(免疫), reproductive(生殖), and nervous systems.
You might want to lay off your bubble tea addiction. Thankfully, we have a few choices for low-calorie, healthier drinks, instead.
1. Why is bubble tea considered “guilt-free” by many people?| A．It is popular in Taiwan. |
| B．Its name includes “tea”. |
| C．It is similar to juice and coffee. |
| D．It is liked by Internet foodies. |
| A．They don’t contain any sugar. |
| B．They are made from a kind of fruit. |
| C．They contain all the calories of tea. |
| D．They are usually cooked and fried. |
| A．Bad effects caused by bubble tea. |
| B．Some examples of healthy drinks. |
| C．Energy you get from bubble tea. |
| D．Getting into the habit of drinking tea. |
| A．Bubble tea is very popular |
| B．Tapioca pearls are nutritious |
| C．Bubble tea is pretty bad for you |
| D．Advice on healthy drinks |
【推荐2】When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.
74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.
Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with.
To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.
“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News.
“It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”
“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds.
He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.
If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen($2.8).
1. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph?| A．mistake | B．show | C．mixture | D．brand |
| A．A woman bearing a baby. |
| B．A student having trouble with sleep. |
| C．A cleaner working on a day shift. |
| D．A young lady sick of garlic. |
| A．It is caffeine-free. |
| B．Garlic powder dissolves in water. |
| C．The burnt garlic creates bitterness. |
| D．It is an improvement on a garlic dish. |
| A．venturous and greedy | B．innovative and perseverant |
| C．hardworking and cautious | D．observant and helpful |
【推荐3】Recently I rolled into a local restaurant to try an Impossible Burger, an all-plant meat-like pie invented by the Silicon Valley company Impossible Foods. It’s famous for having a weirdly chewy, even bloody, meat-like quality, a surprising verisimilitude (逼真) that has made it “perhaps the country’s most famous burger,” as New York magazine recently wrote. One bite into its gorgeous, smoky flavor, and I was convinced.
This is good news, because the time has come to mass-produce fake meat, fast. Why? Because in the fight to ease climate change, meat replacement is one of the lowest-hanging fruits.
Meat production chews up land and lets out methane(沼气) by the kiloton, accounting for about two-thirds of all greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. A University of Oxford study recently found that, to keep global warming below 2 degrees this century, we need to be eating 75 percent less beef and 90 percent less pork globally. “Without concentrated change, we really risk going beyond key environmental limits,” Marco Springmann, one of the Oxford researchers, warns me.
Diets are culturally enshrined(神圣的), so changing them will be hard. Fake meat can help camouflage(掩饰) that dramatic transformation with slight adjustment.
Still, even the most exceptional substitutes for meat face a huge challenge if they’re going to replace 75 to 90 percent of beef and pork. The first taste of an Impossible Burger-a moment when low expectations work a powerful magic in the product’s favor-is one thing. But how do you keep meat-eaters asking for more after their sixth, and their 26th?
Fortunately, the science here is playing an important role. Impossible Foods owes much of its appeal to a bioengineering process that turns out big, blood-red tanks of “heme,” a crucial molecule that gives veggie(素食主义者) meat “that slightly metallic bloody flavor,” as David Lipman, chief science officer of Impossible Foods, tells me. Meanwhile, “cultured meat,” created by growing actual animal cells in a basin, is becoming a reality. In New York, the scientists at Ocean Hugger Foods have engineered a process to transform tomatoes into mock tuna. And over in the Netherlands, a company called The Vegetarian Butcher is developing a Nespresso-style device: You pour in a bag of vegetable protein and out pops fake meat. The company aims to release it in two years.
To get to true mass adoption, fake meat will need to compete favorably with the real thing on multiple fronts. Impossible Foods’ goal is to drive the price of its product below that of Safeway’s 80/20 hamburger meat, at which point people will simply vote with their wallets. The new industry also wants to improve on animal flesh in various ways. Fake meat will outcompete traditional meat because “you won’t need to refrigerate it if you’re making it as you go,” co-founder Niko Koffeman says. That’d give unmeat an enormous advantage for energy-poor developing regions. Plus, fake meat could provide more choices. “You could have very soft and tender meat for elderly people,” Koffeman adds. “You could have a custom meat for whatever you need.”
We could speed this dietary shift with smart public policy too. Beginning in 2006, New York City cut the number of adults consuming one or more sugary drinks per day by 35 percent by running appealing public service campaigns and requiring the labeling of their high calorie counts in fast-food restaurants. Imagine similar measures promoting fake meat: “Save the planet, bite by bite.” Save your health too. Speaking of your conscience, industrial-scale animal farming is ethically unpleasant.
You can tell the world is shifting this way, because the ranchers (牧场主) are nervous. Last year, the US Cattlemen’s Association asked the government to define “meat” as a product “obtained directly from animals.” That anxiety, which is no doubt caused by science, goes to show that this grand shift isn’t impossible.
1. The author was convinced by the Impossible Burger because .| A．it looks like a traditional meat burger |
| B．it contains no meat but tastes like meat |
| C．its flavor is different from that of normal ones |
| D．more vegetables are used in the burger |
| A．A task that is difficult to fulfill. | B．An approach that is economical. |
| C．A goal that is easy to achieve. | D．A product that is environment-friendly. |
| A．fake meat cannot change people’s dietary habits |
| B．fake meat is worthy of investment for its great potential |
| C．a decline in meat consumption can relieve global warming |
| D．fake meat will replace real meat because of its lower price |
| A．fake meat will not be necessarily stored in a refrigerator |
| B．the price of fake meat will be one-fourth of the traditional meat’s |
| C．fake meat will win over the older people thanks to its quality |
| D．fake meat has a bloody flavor that is not found in traditional meat |
| A．The US government doesn’t give enough support to ranchers. |
| B．The world will probably accept the idea of fake meat. |
| C．People don’t like to eat meat produced by the ranchers now. |
| D．The definition of meat has been revised because of fake meat. |
| A．Fake meat or traditional meat, must we choose? | B．Traditional meat, an environment killer. |
| C．Let’s speed up the dietary shift. | D．Let’s welcome the fake meat. |
【推荐1】In zones like the Atacama, where winds bring fog but no rain, the invention of trap in the 1960s which can absorb that damp from the air has helped sustain settlements otherwise suffering from drought.
Fog traps are polymer-mesh (聚合物网) screens in metal frames. As misty air blows through them, drops of water get stuck to the mesh. Those absorb others until the result breaks free and runs down the screen, as a raindrop runs down a window glass, into a collector. A typical trap, with a 40-square-metre collecting area, produces about 200 liters a day. That is enough to supply around 60 people with drinking water. Such a collector costs $1,000 or so, and will last a decade.
A simple idea, then. But even simple technology can be upgraded. And that is exactly what Urszula Stachewicz of the AGH University of Science and Technology, in Krakow, Poland, proposes to do.
Her upgrade relies on giving the mesh a slight electrical charge. The outside of each thread in a mesh might be given one electrical polarity (极性) while the other polarity might be buried inside the thread. Just as static electricity (静电) will attract a balloon to a wall, a surface charge created in this way will attract small water drops from the air.
Previous attempts to do this have coated the threads with metal. But that is expensive. As they describe in ACS Namo, Dr. Stachewicz and her student Daniel Ura have done it by changing the way the threads work, which is cheap.
Dr. Stachewicz and Mr. Ura proposed to use a technique called electrospinning and they kept experimenting, which resulted in meshes able to collect 50% more water than commercial versions, at no extra cost of production. They expect soon to have a practical version which can be made available for sale. And that will certainly improve the lives of people who rely for their survival on drawing water not from a well, but from thin air.
1. Why does the author discuss the fog traps invented in the 1960s?| A．To show the difficulty of their upgrade. |
| B．To explain that they are helpful. |
| C．To voice that they are costly. |
| D．To urge a replacement of them. |
| A．Charge the mesh slightly. |
| B．Put the collectors in place. |
| C．Bury the two electrical polarities inside. |
| D．Coat the threads with metal. |
| A．They are more effective in collecting water. |
| B．They are less dependent on surroundings. |
| C．They are less expensive to produce. |
| D．They are more practical for sales. |
| A．Public Interest in Fog Traps |
| B．Technology Demanded of Fog Traps |
| C．Old Fog Traps Upgraded for More Water |
| D．Technology Simplified for Water |
【推荐2】About five years ago, an American electrical engineer named Scott Brusaw and his wife Julie came up with the idea of putting solar panels on the ground rather than the roof. Then they began to develop the Solar Roadway specially for a new type of cars-eco-cars. The Solar Roadway is an intelligent road that provides clean renewable energy using power from the sun while providing safer driving conditions, along with power and data delivery. They predict that the Solar Roadway will pay for itself through the generation of electricity along with other forms of income and that the same amount of money that is being used to build and resurface current roads can be used to build the Solar Roadways.
Each Solar Road Panel measures roughly 4 meters and contains a microprocessor（微处理器）that monitors and controls the panel, while communicating with neighboring panels and the vehicles traveling overhead. The inventors suggest that this provides a communication device every 4 meters on every road which could be used for example to warn drivers of cars which are moving across a centre line and various other speed control problems. The top of the Solar Road panels is made of super-strong glass that would offer vehicles the tractions(抓地力) they need.
According to the inventors, the Solar Roadway creates and carries clean renewable electricity and therefore electric vehicles can be recharged at any conveniently located rest stop, or at any business that has paved Solar Road Panels in their parking lots.
The inventors say their Solar Roadway has many functions and advantages from main roads to driveways, parking lots, bike paths, sidewalks and runways. The Federal Highway Administration has given Brusaw $100,000 to develop the invention and Brusaw hopes to build a smart-road parking lot in the coming spring.
1. In the inventors’ opinion, the Solar Roadway ________.| A．is too expensive to build at present |
| B．costs no more money than current roads |
| C．can provide as many data as present computers |
| D．will bring them a large sum of money |
| A．the panels | B．the inventors | C．the researchers | D．the vehicles |
| A．providing safer driving conditions |
| B．helping drivers communicate with each other while driving |
| C．creating and carrying clean renewable electricity |
| D．warning drivers of various speed control problems |
| A．Solar-powered smart road of the future |
| B．The great changes on the roadway |
| C．The influence the Solar Roadway has on people |
| D．The Solar Road—a much faster road |
【推荐3】The artificial-intelligence chatbot ChatGPT has shaken educators since its November release. New York City public schools have banned it from their networks and school devices. There is, perhaps surprisingly, one subject area that doesn’t seem threatened, It turns out ChatGPT is quite bad at maths.
“I’m not hearing maths instructors express concern about ChatGPT,” said Paul von Hippel, a professor at the University of Texas who studies data science and statistics. “I’m not sure it’s useful for maths at all, which feels strange because maths was the first-use case for the artificial-intelligence devices.”
ChatGPT’s struggle with maths is inherent in this type of AI, known as a large language model. It scans a large amount of text from across the web and develops a model that might be extremely effective for writing grammatically correct responses to essay requirement, but not for solving a maths problem.
In an email, I asked Debarghya Das, a search-engine engineer, why ChatGPT gets some simple questions right but others completely wrong. “Maybe the right analogy (类比) is if you ask a room of people, who have no idea what maths is but have read many hieroglyphics (象形文字), ‘What comes after 2+2,’ they might say, ‘Usually, we see a 4,’ That’s what ChatGPT is doing.” But, he adds, “Maths isn’t just a series of hieroglyphics. It’s the process of calculating.”
It isn’t great for pretending you know it through a maths class because you only recognize the mistakes if you know the maths. Another reason that maths instructors are less anxious about this innovation is that they have been here before. The field was upended for the first time decades ago with the general availability of computers and calculators.
“Maths has had the biggest revolution based on machinery of any mainstream subject,” said Conrad Wolfram, the strategic director of Wolfram Research. “In the real world, since computers came along, have maths, science and engineering gotten conceptually simpler? No, completely the opposite. We’re asking harder and harder questions, going up a level.”
Eventually, AI will probably get to the point where its maths answers are not only confident but correct. A pure large language model might not be up for the job, but the technology will improve. In general, however, AI, like computers, will likely ultimately be most useful for those who already know a field well. They know the questions to ask, how to identify the shortcomings and what to do with the answer. A tool, in other words, is for those who know the most maths, not the least.
1. What does the underlined word “inherent” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?| A．Stable. | B．Practical. | C．Limited. | D．Natural. |
| A．Calculating requires some knowledge of hieroglyphics. |
| B．ChatGPT is good at solving mathematical questions by analogy. |
| C．Reading hieroglyphics prevents ChatGPT solving maths questions. |
| D．ChatGPT’s response is based on language models instead of calculations. |
| A．ChatGPT is useful to identify maths mistakes. |
| B．Technical revolution made maths easier to understand. |
| C．New technology will end up pushing the boundaries of maths. |
| D．ChatGPT has been banned from networks and school devices. |
| A．It will play the largest role for professionals in a field. |
| B．It will become confident to solve all the maths problems. |
| C．It will turn the maths field over again just like computers. |
| D．It will take the jobs from humans as the technology improves. |
【推荐1】Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Great Britain. But they didn’t find out in the usual way.
Archaeologists (考古学家) often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating. The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal (木炭) drawings or painted pictures. Carbon is an element found in many things, including charcoal and even people. But in this case, there was no paint or charcoal to test. People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools. The scientists had an “aha!” moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings. The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made.
“It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art,” said Alistair Pike, an archaeological scientist at Britain’s University of Bristol. “We were very fortunate that some of the engravings (雕刻) were covered by stalagmites (石笋).”
When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800 years ago, the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old. And some of the animals shown are now extinct — another clue that the art is quite old.
The artists came to Creswell Crags. This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age. At that time, much of the North Sea was dry, so people could move about more easily.
Some tools and bones found there are 13,000 to 15,000 years old. They show that the travelers hunted horses, reindeer, and arctic hares. Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany. It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to peoples several thousand kilometers away — another important evidence of understanding how humans spread out across the world.
1. How did the scientists feel when they found rocks on the top of the drawings?| A．Fairly confusing. | B．Pleasantly surprised. |
| C．Completely satisfied. | D．Extremely proud. |
| A．Some pictures were covered by stalagmites formed long ago. |
| B．The majority of the animals carved into the stone are extinct. |
| C．The cave is one of the farthest points in the world. |
| D．The art was carved into the stone with stone tools. |
| A．How ancient people crossed the North Sea. |
| B．Why some of the animals have died out. |
| C．How humans spread out across the world. |
| D．What ancient people had for food at that time. |
| A．Cave Art About Animals Is Most Beautiful |
| B．Cave Art Is Found In the Usual Way |
| C．Cave Art Turns Out to Be Britain’s Oldest |
| D．Cave Art Has a Great Influence on Britain |
【推荐2】Most forest fires are caused by human carelessness or ignorance. Forest fire prevention, therefore, is mainly a problem of creating better understanding of the importance of forests, an awareness of the danger of fire in the woods, and a sense of personal responsibility to safeguard the forests from danger. This is not an easy job.
Careless smokers are responsible for thousands of forest fires each year. Many of these are started when cigarette butts (烟蒂) and matches are thrown from automobiles. Others are caused by hunters, hikers, fishermen, or woods workers who are careless in disposing (处理) of their smoking materials. The Forest Service has posted rules in many of the National Forests that ban smoking except in certain designated (指示) areas. Many of the states have laws against throwing lighted materials from automobiles. The prevention of smoker-caused fires, however, depends upon changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people who smoke in dangerous area.
The most important natural cause of fire is lightning. This accounts for 11 per cent of forest fires on protected land for the entire nation. In the Western States, lightning causes a much higher percentage of fires than it does in the East.
Advances in knowledge of fire weather are helping forest protection forces to know when to be alert to lightning-caused fires. Adequate and well-equipped forces can control them quickly and hold the damage to a minimum. Experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds to prevent or control the lightning itself have been in process for many years, but new breakthroughs are needed for any significant reduction in the fires lightning starts.
1. This passage is chiefly about ________.| A．smoking in forests | B．changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people |
| C．the chief causes of forest fires and their prevention | D．advances in knowledge of fire weather |
| A．building the proper knowledge and habits in human beings | B．safeguarding the forests from fire |
| C．posting rules in forests | D．holding the damage to a minimum |
| A．holding the fire damage to a minimum |
| B．people who have changed their attitude and behavior |
| C．enough fire fighters with good fire-fighting devices |
| D．carrying out experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds |
| A．aware of | B．watchful for | C．responsible for | D．busy with |
| A．It is difficult to prevent forest fires. |
| B．Smoking is allowed only in certain forests. |
| C．11% of the forest fires in the Western States are caused by lightning. |
| D．Experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds have helped reduce lightning-caused forest fires. |
【推荐3】Feel the Music
We've all heard of smart phones, but how about smart clothing? The CuteCircuit company has stepped up the technology beat and invented the SoundShirt, which was designed specifically for people who are deaf or hard of hearing.How does this incredible shirt work?
First, let's talk about a little science.People who have either all or some hearing loss don't actually listen to music the way that hearing people do, but they can feel it.Sound is made up of vibrations, called sound waves, which hearing people can hear through their ears with the help of the brain.What's really cool is that deaf people sense vibrations in the part of the brain that others use for hearing!
So how is this remarkable technology able to function? First, CuteCircuit had to figure out a way to send signals to the body, kind of like how you can feel when your phone vibrates in silentmode.Those connections the body can feel are called haptics, a use of technology that simulates the senses of touch and motion.The SoundShirt has tiny sensors woven into the shirt to pick up sound and transfer signals to the brain and body.
To test this music-to-shirt-to-wearer's brain connection, CuteCircuit set microphones around the stage of a symphony orchestra.The shirt's computer system digitally received the sounds coming from the instruments.Then the sensors, working like little motors, changed the signals into vibrations and the shirt wearer's brain did the rest.
The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music in a unique way.The very deep musical sound, or pitch, of instruments like drums and basses vibrates in the lower part of the shirt.Higher pitched sounds from instruments like the flute or violin vibrate higher, around the neck and arms.As the music plays, the sensations combine while the brain gets to work putting together all the different vibrations, allowing the wearer to “hear” the concert.
You might think this innovation(创新)would look like something out of a science fiction movie, but in fact, these shirts are wireless! And the decorative laser-lined design on the shirt looks like an image of sound waves.
Technology's purpose is to help people and make life better.Think of all the amazing things designers, engineers, and producers of wearable tech will be able to do for humankind.
1. What can be inferred about the SoundShirt described in the passage?| A．The SoundShirt works when the wearer is listening to a symphony orchestra. |
| B．CuteCircuit is giving away its SoundShirts to those deaf or hard of hearing. |
| C．The SoundShirt doesn't work without the power of the human brain. |
| D．Before the SoundShirt, deaf people had no way of feeling sound. |
| A．Deep musical sounds from drums vibrate in the lower part of the SoundShirt. |
| B．The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music. |
| C．Wearable technology like the SoundShirt is the wave of the future. |
| D．CuteCircut tested the SoundShirt with a symphony orchestra. |
| A．advise that companies should focus on applying wearable technology |
| B．advocate that technology can be used to create products that help others |
| C．prove that the design of wearable technology is a rewarding industry in future |
| D．exemplify that musical instruments can be used to change technology for the better |
【推荐1】For many adolescents, “screen time” is almost a full-time job that could lead to obesity, diabetes and other health issues, a Canadian researcher says.
Adolescents now spend an average of six hours a day in front of some type of screen, whether it’s a television or computer screen or one of the many portable devices now popular with young people, studies done by Dr. Ian Michael Janssen show. “They spend more hours daily in front of a screen than they do in a classroom in a given year,” said Janssen, a researcher at Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada
. The result is a rise in obesity rates among adolescents. Unfortunately, fixing the problem isn’t as easy as simply cutting down screen time, Janssen cautions. “Decreasing screen time will not automatically increase physical activity levels,” said Janssen, Some active kids also spend a lot of time in front of television and computer screens, and some kids who have low screen times also have low levels of physical activity, he points out.
As well, screen time is not necessarily bad, Janssen said. “The tricky part is that children today need to be using computers,” he said. Computers are required for schoolwork, and technological skills are important for future job prospects. The quality of screen time matters too, along with the quantity---consider the negative health messages found in food advertising during children’s shows, he said. Ideally, children should aim for no more than two hours of recreational screen time a day.
Janssen’s real worry about the rise in childhood obesity rates is not that there are now rare cases of type diabetes in kids, where once there were none, but the health problems these children are likely to face in the future as adults, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease.
1. Which one doesn’t belong to “screen time” according to the passage?| A．Watching TV. | B．Surfing the Internet. |
| C．Seeing a film on an MP4. | D．Making a telephone call. |
| A．lose weight. | B．decrease screen time |
| C．take physical activities | D．go on a diet |
| A．Concerned. | B．Passive. |
| C．Positive. | D．Frightened. |
| A．many of the people having full-time jobs suffer from obesity and diabetes. |
| B．decreasing screen time can’t really solve the problem |
| C．children today most use computers to finish their school work |
| D．a new type of obesity in kids becomes Janssen’s real worry |
【推荐2】Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some common beliefs. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations (方程式) quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts (断言) formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who is very good at some form of school discipline is ''intelligent''. Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the professional certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment.
If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to solve a particular problem you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D. — Nervous Break Down.
''Intelligent'' people do not have N.B.D.s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.
You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to actually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid abandoning themselves to depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have N.B.D.s. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.
1. According to the author, the notion of intelligence measured in terms of one's ability to read, write and compute _____________.| A．will help remove intellectual prejudice | B．is a widely held but wrong concept |
| C．will contribute to one’s self-fulfillment | D．is the root of all mental suffering |
| A．does not mean that one is highly intelligent |
| B．may make one mentally sick and physically weak |
| C．does not indicate one's ability to write professional documents |
| D．may result in one's inability to solve complex real-life problems |
| A．how to accept some common beliefs |
| B．how to persuade others to compromise |
| C．how to find the best way to achieve success in life |
| D．how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhile |
| A．Difficulties are part of everyone's life. |
| B．Depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life. |
| C．Everybody should learn to avoid challenging circumstances. |
| D．Good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence. |
【推荐3】As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well-known research institutions and government agencies are focusing new money and attention on an idea: artificially cooling the planet, in the hopes of buying humanity more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
That strategy, called solar climate intervention (干预) or solar geoengineering, involves reflecting more of the sun’s energy back into space — abruptly reducing global temperatures in a way that imitates the effects of ash clouds flowing out from the volcanic eruptions. The idea has been considered as a dangerous and fancied solution, one that would encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels while exposing the planet to unexpected and potentially threatening side effects, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires floods and other disasters.
But. as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires floods and other disasters, some researchers and policy experts say that concerns about geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better understand it, in case the consequence of climate change become so terrible that the world can’t wait for better solutions.
One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols (气溶胶) into the upper layer of the atmosphere. where those particles reflect sunlight away from the earth. That process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University.
“We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet,” he said in an interview. What’s still unclear, he added, is what happens next. Temperature, MacMartin said, is an indicator for a lot of climate effects. “What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?” he asked, “What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires?”
Another institution funded by the National Science Foundation will analyze hundreds of simulations of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.
1. Why do researchers and government agencies work on cooling the earth?| A．To prevent natural disasters. | B．To win more time to reduce gas emissions. |
| C．To imitate volcanic eruptions. | D．To encourage more people to bur fossil fuels. |
| A．More volcanoes will throw out. |
| B．More solar energy will go into space. |
| C．More disasters will endanger the future of the world. |
| D．People will keep burning fossil fuels to keep warm. |
| A．He thinks more research remains to be done. |
| B．He is optimistic about the effect of cooling the earth. |
| C．He is concerned about the reduction in agriculture production. |
| D．He disapproves of the practice of solar climate intervention. |
| A．The rainfall pattern of a region. |
| B．The modest drop in temperature. |
| C．The number of extreme weather events. |
| D．The injection amount of aerosol. |
