【推荐1】Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been, Peter Ruprecht admitted that he was not sure how or when to rebuild. He was still shocked by what Australia’s increasingly changeable climate had already delivered: first a drought, then a destructive bush fire, then a foot of rain from a storm.

“It’s unstoppable,” said Mr. Ruprecht, a former dairy farmer. “We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature, but nature can also be vicious and wild and unforgiving.”

Australia’s hellish(地狱的)fire season has eased(缓和),but its people are facing more than a single disaster. With floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently spread, they are facing a cycle of what scientists call “compound extremes”: one climate disaster strengthening the next.

Warmer temperatures do more than just dry out the land. They also heat up the atmosphere, which means clouds hold more moisture(水汽)for longer periods of time. So droughts get worse, giving way to fires, then to heavy rains that the land is too dry to absorb.

Many Australians in disaster zones complain that their government, after ignoring climate change for years, has not yet to draw up recovery plans that are clear and that take future threats into account.

At the same time, the economic costs of a changing climate are rising quickly. Philip Lowe, the governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, warned recently that Australia was already paying a price, and that it would only go up.

1. Why is Peter Ruprecht mentioned in the beginning?

A．To arouse readers’ pity.

B．To introduce the topic.

C．To stress the problem.

D．To call on readers to help.

2. Which word can replace the underlined word “vicious” in paragraph 2?

A．Grateful.	B．Advanced.
C．Responsible.	D．Cruel.

3. What is the main cause of “compound extremes” in Australia?

A．Government inaction.

B．Warmer temperature.

C．The lack of money.

D．No recovery plans.

4. Where is the text probably from?

A．A guidebook.	B．A travel journal.
C．A news report.	D．A book review.

【推荐2】Super Typhoon Rai (known as “Odette” in the Philippines) made landfall on Siargao Island in southeastern Philippines at 1:30 pm local time on Thursday, December 16. The typhoon was the 15th storm to hit the country in 2021 and was the strongest storm of 2021. Almost 16 million Filipinos were facing threats including strong winds, heavy rains, flooding, landslides, displacement and risking loss of life, home, livelihood and agriculture. Around 700,000 of them were children.

UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) expressed deep concern for children and families at risk and announced its commitment to providing support to the Philippine government. Reyn Ambag was one of the children who were rescued during the typhoon.

12-year-old Reyn Ambag is a grade 7 student living on the island of Siargao. He goes to school in San Isidro National High School which is located in the Municipality of San Isidro. With Values Education as his favorite subject in school, Reyn is always ready to help others.

Reyn is raised by his mother who is a single parent and runs a retail store alone. Aside from his mother, his cousin has also been living with them to help out in the absence of Reyn’s father. Reyn’s mother provides for all three of them. She is able to support their daily needs and Reyn’s schooling by the income she gets from the small retail store.

During Typhoon Odette, Reyn’s family stayed inside the comfort room of the school where they were evacuated (疏散) to. There, he witnessed through the window how the strong winds of the typhoon destroyed the area. They stayed there until the storm subsided and it was safe for them to go out. Upon returning to their home, they were astonished to find that their house was damaged due to the fallen trees.

After observing the delays in restoring the electricity in their community, Reyn wanted to pursue a related job in the future. “I want to be an electrician someday so that if a power cut would happen because of a typhoon, I would be able to help in restoring it for free,” said Reyn.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．Different types of natural disasters.

B．The introduction of a typhoon and its threats.

C．Historical data of the strongest typhoons.

D．The government’s reaction to Super Typhoon Rai.

2. Where does Reyn’s schooling fees come from?

A．His father.

B．His cousin.

C．His family store.

D．His part-time job.

3. What does the underlined word “subsided” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．Broke into.

B．Fell apart.

C．Went over.

D．Died down.

4. Why did Reyn intend to become an electrician?

A．To make money to support his family.

B．To reward the community with his work.

C．To restore power in time after typhoons.

D．To meet his mother’s expectations of him.

【推荐3】Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home? Take the time now to review the following safety tips.     1    

Know your way out. An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of a burning house. The idea is to get outside quickly and safely. Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.     2    

Stay low.     3     In a fire, smoke and poisonous air hurt more people than the actual flames do. You will breathe less smoke if you escape that way. Smoke naturally rises, so if there is smoke while you are using your escape route, staying low means you can crawl under most of the fire.

What if you can’t get out right away?     4     You can do this from an open window or call 911 if you have a phone with you. Even if you are scared, never hide under a bed or in a closet. Firefighters will have a hard time finding you. The sooner they find you, the sooner you both can get out.

    5     Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by chance if you step too close to a fire. If this happens, don’t run! Instead, stop, drop to the floor, cover your face with your hands, and roll. This will cut off the air and put out the flames. An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and Roll!

A．If your clothes catch fire, what should you do?

B．Cover your head and neck with your hands and arms.

C．Your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home.

D．Direct an extinguisher (灭火器) at the fire and try to put it out

E．So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of your home.

F．If you can see smoke in the house, stay as low as possible as you make your way to the exit.

G．You will want to yell for help if you can’t get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route.

【推荐1】What are the two different things that make humans different from other animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing. However, the songs of animals are very simple. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments.

Music is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate with others, especially expressing their emotions. When music is combined with speech, it’s a very powerful form of communication.

If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific studies have proved that it is true. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer, had a stroke (中风) in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He couldn’t speak or understand speech. However, he still could compose music until his death. On the other hand, sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech.

Why does music have a strong effect on us physically and emotionally? That’s a hard question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at a university, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires a special talent, practice and physical ability. For example, playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need good memory to remember the notes. And playing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves, it may be a way of showing off.

However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists, this is clearly an area that needs further research.

1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To introduce the main topic.

B．To show the author’s attitude.

C．To analyse causes.

D．To describe a process.

2. Music is considered especially powerful when it ________.

A．is translated into a language

B．is combined with speech

C．is sung by some famous musicians

D．is mixed with the cry of an animal

3. The example of Vissarion Shebalin is used to show that ________.

A．he is one of the luckiest persons

B．he is really interested in composing music

C．the brain processes music and language separately

D．music and language are two different things for some

4. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A．The effects of music on humans’ works.

B．The studies on how music affects our works.

C．The reasons why music affects us.

D．The ways of using music in daily life.

【推荐2】Most of us marry creativity to our concept of self either we're "creative" or we aren't much of a middle ground. "I'm just not a creative person!” a frustrated student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, giving a comment such as, “I’m very right-brained."

Dr. Pillay, a tech entrepreneur and an assistant professor at Harvard University, has been challenging these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to ignore the traditional advice that urges you to “believe in yourself.” In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.

Dr. Pillay points to a 2016 study demonstrating the impact of stereotypes on one's behavior. The authors, educational psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into three groups, instructing the members of one to think of themselves as "romantic poets" and the members of another to imagine they were "serious librarians" (the third group was the control). The researchers then presented all the participants with ten ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as romantic poets came up with the widest range of ideas, whereas those in the serious-librarian group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors.

These results suggest that creativity is not a fixed individual characteristic but a malleable product of context and perspective, as long as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillay argues that, besides identifying yourself as creative, taking the bold, creative step of imagining you are somebody else is even more powerful. So, wish you were more creative? Just pretend!

1. Who is more likely to unlock his creative potential?

A．A physics major who imagines himself a writer.

B．A math major who always believes in himself.

C．An art major who has trouble in math.

D．A history major who always dismisses conventional advice.

2. What is the purpose of the study mentioned in pagragrph3?

A．To test the creativity of the college students.

B．To show the stereotypes of the college students.

C．To prove the influence of stereotypes on one's behavior

D．To prove difference of creativity between students.

3. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph probably means?

A．Stable

B．Changeable

C．Predicable

D．Sustainable

4. What does Dr. Pillay may agree with?

A．If we think of ourself as creative, then we might be really creative

B．A student who doesn’t do well in art class is not creative.

C．Right brain determines whether a person is creative or not.

D．There is no doubt that we are either creative or not.

【推荐3】Mathilda, 15, is Turkana, a native people that has survived by raising cattle in a semiarid region. Mathilda's school, like most schools in the area, doesn't have access to clean water and sanitation facilities for its students. So instead of spending their whole school day learning, Mathilda and her classmates start their day by spending two hours to the closest river fetching water—water that is anyway most likely not safe to drink. They do the same thing again in the afternoon, so they often lose around half of their school day fetching water.

Mathilda has to do the same thing outside of school hours to get the water her family needs at home, leaving her little time for studying. Because of rising temperatures, water has become harder and harder to find here, and people have to spend more and more time trying to find it.

This is just one small example of how climate change is making it harder to realise people's rights to water, education and security. Unfortunately, most higher-income countries remained silent on the issue.

This shows that communities already facing marginalization, such as women and children, mostly suffer from climate change. This is especially the case for those in countries with limited resources and fragile ecosystems.

Meanwhile, women consist of the majority of the world's poor, and so are more dependent for their livelihood on natural resources that are threatened by climate change. And around the world, women and girls are the most likely to be responsible for fetching water for their families.

This exposes them to danger and leaves them with less time to attend school, earn money, or simply to rest. But the fact is that the effects of climate change will be felt globally.

Despite the difficulties she is facing, trying to get an education, Mathilda says she hopes to serve her community in a leadership role when she grows up.

“All of the world's leaders need to work together to solve this problem that we are all facing,” she said.

1. Mathilda has to spend _____ fetching water every school day.

A．two hours

B．four hours

C．more than four hours

D．almost a whole day

2. The first two paragraphs are intended to tell us _____.

A．the cause and effect of lack of water

B．one serious consequence of climate change

C．the difficulties in fetching water in the semiarid region

D．the hardship of life for the people in the semiarid region

3. We can conclude from the passage that _____.

A．climate change is everyone's business

B．water is becoming rare because of rising temperatures

C．fetching water takes up Mathilda's half of studying time

D．females are more responsible for fetching water for their families

4. The passage is mainly about the problem caused by _____.

A．rising temperatures

B．fetching water

C．climate change

D．water shortage

【推荐1】Who needs friends? According to most psychologists（心理学家） we all do, especially nowadays when so many other aspects (方面 ) of modern life are changing. It seems that having friends keeps us both healthy and happy.

The number of TV series about groups of friends shows just how important friendship is to us. Psychologist Dorothy Rowe says that many of us now turn to our friends, instead of our families, for advice, comfort and security. One woman named Rebecca she interviewed even told her that if she had got to choose between her husband and her friend, she would choose her friend.

Since our friends mean so much to us, it is not surprising that the happiest marriages are also friendships. "Once the romantic stage of a relationship has passed, it is friendship that holds people together," says Rowe. If the couple do not make some changes, they will either get tired of each other and break up or stay together and seek friendship with others.

But is friendship equally important to women and men? According to author Rhonda Pritchard, women are more likely than men to have close friends. "You tell a friend things that you'd never tell a partner," says one woman she interviewed. For men, friendship is usually based on doing things together rather than the private conversations that are typical of women friends. Men share time and activities like building a fence or a business, running, riding a bike, fishing or watching football, but they don't often share their feelings.

Although many women find their relationships with a husband or boyfriend is not enough, many men say that their partner is their best friend. Even women who are very happily married are likely to become very unhappy without a close friend and can even find the breakup of a close friendship as painful as the end of a marriage.

Lasting friendships can provide a lot of the same support that families provided in the past, but the perfect situation is to have your family there for you as well. Friendships and family relationships can both change, but a friend will not consider you when making really important decisions in the same way that a family member will.

1. What did Rebecca think about friendship?

A．All of us need friendship.

B．Friends are as important as families.

C．Her friend means more to her than her husband.

D．One need not have too many friends.

2. Why do married men or women look for friendship?

A．They are encouraged by their partners

B．They do not get what they need from their partners.

C．They are not fairly treated by their partners

D．They think their friends are more romantic.

3. What is the main difference between men’s and women’s friendship?

A．Women often do things together with friends.

B．Men often talk to their friends about work and family.

C．Women often talk about business with friends.

D．Men seldom talk to their friends about their feelings.

4. What might women do when a close friendship ends?

A．They feel as upset as when a marriage ends.

B．They share feelings with their partners.

C．They treat their partners as friends.

D．They turn to their husbands for comfort.

【推荐2】Most credit cards today use magnetic strips(磁条) that hold the encrypted(加密)data about the owner's bank account and personal identification number called a PIN. Other credit cards hold the data in memory chips that communicate wirelessly with card readers. Both systems are easy to be attacked. Criminals can secretly find a way to enter the computer systems of the banks or retailers(零售商), and steal the data illegally or,as in the case of Target,disturb the card readers in stores by implanting virus.

Now, scientists in Britain say they are developing a way to make encrypted data more secure by storing it in the plastic itself. Gordon Smith, a retired professor at Warwick Manufacturing Group, at the University of Warwick, says researchers are using a plastic molding(模具) machine to encrypt data with the colors of the card. "As it's making that plastic from a molten plastic into a solid component, we are moving the pigments(颜料) so that they form specific images.The way the pigment is arranged in a particular way inside the plastic ensures the security of the data.When the card is passed through a special scanner,similar to magnetic strip readers,the software reads the fixed image containing the data."When we first developed the images within the plastic,it looked as though it would just be an artistic aspect to it,but then we've realized that once we could make it covert,we could color the plastic so that the image was hidden,then it became something a lot more special.

Smith admits the system could be compromised if someone discovers how the card was made, but says that's unlikely. The counterfeiter would need to have access to an injection molding machine that costs more than $300,000.

The patent for this new method is not yet officially recognized,and it has not been used commercially at all. But Smith says some credit card companies have already indicated they are interested in the technology.

1. How do criminals threaten today's credit cards?

A．By robbing the users and damaging their cards.

B．By stealing the cards from banks or supermarkets.

C．By copying the card readers and using them in stores.

D．By programming the computer with virus to damage the data.

2. What can we know about the new way of encrypting data?

A．The data is not stored in the computer.	B．The data is secured by the colors of the card.
C．The data is invisible to criminals.	D．The data is hidden in a complex chip.

3. Why will the new encrypting system be much safer?

A．The card is made of plastics.

B．The system is secured with memory chips.

C．The injection molding machine is expensive.

D．Credit card companies will produce the cards secretly.

4. What does the underlined word "counterfeiter" refer to in Paragraph 3?

A．Criminal.

B．Inventor.

C．Discoverer.

D．Banker.

【推荐3】“What are you?” they ask. “Guess,” I say. Some suggest I have Japanese eyes. Others think I’m Filipino, maybe Indian. Few guess the truth: I am Mexican American. But it’s not like I’ve ever worn that name alone. I’m part of a younger generation of Americans whose identity is shaped neither by where we came from nor where we ended up.

My parents know the California immigrant experience first-hand. They grew up picking fruit in the San Joaquin Valley, knowing what it was to be poor, but also knowing what it was to be Mexican. Wanting a better life for their children, they went to college and got professional jobs. By the time I was born, they were fully accepted into the middle class. I grew up in the racially mixed zones of Sacramento, and when my parents talked of their years in the fields it was hard to connect those stories to where we found ourselves now.

By the time I reached my teens, difference had announced itself. We were all struggling for a sense of individuality, looking everywhere but where we came from. Identity became goods. Wearing certain clothes and liking certain kinds of music created social categories.

I became a junkman, sorting through the ruins of pop culture past looking for the pieces of myself. In love with the Beatles, I linked myself to England. Fascinated by Japanese cartoon, I took language classes at the local Buddhist temple.

I grew up American to a fault, rarely considering my own people’s culture and humanity. I left Sacramento and moved to San Francisco’s Mission District to put myself together again. There I first saw my people living in a separate community that had its own language, one I’d never learned. My brown face led people to ask me for directions in Spanish. I could only respond with a universally understood shrug.

“This is what I am,” I said to myself, looking at a street full of newly arrived immigrants. No, that wasn’t quite it. I corrected myself: “This is where I come from.”

Is it tragic that I grew up far from my mother culture, discovering it so late in life? I prefer to think that my American upbringing has taught me to apply insights from many different cultures to my everyday life. I am a product not just of Mexico or the U.S. but of the world as a whole.

1. Where does the writer grow up?

A．In Sacramento.	B．In a Mexico town.
C．In the San Joaquin Valley.	D．In San Francisco’s Mission District.

2. What did the writer learn from his American upbringing?

A．To promote mother culture.	B．To adapt to new surroundings.
C．To clearly express individuality.	D．To learn from different cultures.

3. You can infer from the article that the writer ________.

A．liked to play sports	B．wanted to learn Spanish
C．was interested in different cultures	D．did not like living in San Francisco

4. This article is mainly about ________.

A．the growing pains of immigrants	B．the culture differences in America
C．the author’s exploration of his identity	D．the problems of immigrants in America

【推荐1】Nowadays, video gaming has made impressive gains in the field of standardized competition. One of the fashionable debates is whether competitive video games are sports or not. If cyberathletes are competing against formal teams in a formal environment, with real titles and monetary stakes on the line, it seems strange not to consider the activity a sport. However, unless something technologically odd gains complete control over our world in the next few decades, they never should be. Cyberathletes and eSports aren’t incomparable to traditional athletes and sports because they require less physical exertion or dedication. They are incomparable because they are different from traditional sports in a number of ways.

Traditional sports are steadfast, and consistent in their structures and mechanics. A professional American football player from any past decade could be transplanted into a current football field, and would only have to be told of a few minor rule changes. The player would know what to do, where to go, and how to accomplish the ultimate goal. He may need to learn a few new plays, but it’s fundamentally the same game. However, competitive video gaming has a variety of goals, and those goals are fluid and dynamic. A competitive video gamer from decades past might be aware of the final goal (winning the game, capturing the flag, eliminating the opposing team, etc.), but the execution (执行方式) would be completely foreign. Controls change, maps change, locations change, even the minute rules are adjusted on a regular basis. As a competitive video gamer, one needs to adapt to a much more aggressive ruleset than most sports or other games. Therefore the video game competitions are less likely to be properly regulated.

Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman, even the esoteric(深奥的) ones, at least in an educational setting, where budgets and funding are set for them. While home computers are widely accessible, a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements. Even decade-old competitive games like Counter-Strike 1.6 require more equipment and gear than most traditional sports. A pick-up game of basketball, football, or soccer is far more accessible than a pick-up game of Counter-Strike.

Traditional sports are embedded in our culture for good reasons: they offer an entertaining diversion and a great form of physical activity for millions of worldwide fans. The principles and lessons gleaned from traditional sports emphasize teamwork, collaboration, and critical evaluations of any given game setting. While many of these lessons are applicable to competitive gaming, competitive video gamers are still distancing themselves from competing for “sport” status, when their pastime and trade is so fundamentally different and ever-changing at such a regular pace.

1. What is the author’s opinion towards competitive video games?

A．They can be seen as sports due to their emphasis on teamwork.

B．They can be seen as sports due to their standardized regulations.

C．They can not be seen as sports due to their lack of physical and mental efforts.

D．They can not be seen as sports due to the inconsistent rules and high requirements.

2. What does the underlined word “foreign” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Difficult.

B．Common.

C．Typical.

D．Different.

3. Why does the author mention Counter-Strike in Paragraph 3?

A．To explain the reason why eSports surpass traditional sports.

B．To explore the possibility that competitive video games will be sports.

C．To provide an example of the difference between eSports and traditional sports.

D．To account for the fact that the competitive features of video games are impressive.

4. How does the author develop his idea?

A．By quoting and citing.

B．By listing and analyzing.

C．By comparison and contrast.

D．By explaining and evaluating.

【推荐2】A strong coffee after a poor night's sleep is the kick-start many people need in the morning but new research suggests that it might be best to have a bite to eat first.

A study has found that drinking coffee first can have a negative effect on blood sugar control - a risk factor for diabetes （糖尿病）and heart disease.

“We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and, before doing anything else, drink coffee --- subjectively the more tired we feel, the stronger the coffee,“ said Professor James Betts, at the University of Bath in the UK.

For their study, researchers at the University of Bath got 29 healthy men and women to take part in three different overnight experiments, with at least a week between them.

In one, the participants had a normal night's sleep, roughly from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m., and were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning. They then experienced an interrupted night's sleep, where the researchers woke them every hour for five minutes by sending them text messages to which they had to respond — and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.

On another night, participants experienced the same sleep interruption, but this time were first given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.

They found that one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants' blood sugar and insulin （胰 岛素）responses when compared to the normal night's sleep-- although previous research suggested that losing many hours of sleep or many nights of poor sleep could have a negative effect. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50% — suggesting that relying on coffee after a bad night to stop feeling sleepy could limit your body's ability to tolerate the sugar in your breakfast.

1. What does the underlined word “kick-start" in paragraph 1 refer to?

A．A kind of sport.	B．A kind of power.
C．A kind of medicine.	D．A kind of belief.

2. What was unchanged in the three experiments?

A．The duration of sleep.	B．The blood sugar response.
C．The sugary drink.	D．The intake of coffee.

3. What increased the participants' blood sugar response most before breakfast?

A．A normal sugary drink.

B．A normal night's sleep.

C．An interrupted night's sleep.

D．A cup of strong black coffee.

4. How did researchers draw the conclusion?

A．By comparing the results.

B．By listing some examples.

C．By surveying the participants.

D．By referring to some documents.

【推荐3】Tunnels are passageways that are built under the ground. They can also be made under a sea or a river. Some tunnels are dug through high mountains.

For hundreds of years，tunnels have been built all over the world. People use these tunnels to travel from one place to another. Some tunnels are used as waterlanes. Coal and gemstones are also brought from under the ground through long tunnels.

In the past，people dug tunnels using picks and shovels. Rocks and soil were loaded into one-wheel barrows and then onto horses and carts. This work was very tiring.

Today，engineers do a lot of planning before they start to build a tunnel. They use computers to check the level of the water and the types of rock under the ground. When they are sure the area is safe，huge machines are used to dig out the soil.

These machines have an enormous cutting wheel at the front. The wheel slowly grinds（磨碎） through the rock and soil to make the tunnel. Soil that is not needed is carried away in large trucks. As the tunnel becomes longer，it is lined with huge pipes so the walls and roof do not callapse.

Long tunnels have powerful lights to help drivers see the road ahead. Water sprinklers（洒水装置）are fitted to help keep people safe if a fire breaks out in the tunnel.

In large cities，tunnels are built under very busy roads. ，People can drive through these tunnels. This makes it quicker to travel to different parts of the city.

Some trains have to wind slowly and carefully over steep mountain slopes. But，in places where there are tunnels，trains can travel quickly through the mountain to reach the other side.

1. Why do people build the tunnels in big cities?

A．To explore the underground world.

B．To exhibit engineering skills.

C．To draw water from the underground.

D．To improve the means of transportation.

2. How are the ways to build tunnels today different from the ancient ones?

A．People dig tunnels with heavy machinery instead of simple tools.

B．People don't need to deal with the soil from digging now.

C．To keep safe, computers will do everything for people.

D．People use huge pipes for all tunnels for safety reasons.

3. What do the last two paragraphs serve as?

A．An introduction.

B．Supporting details.

C．A comparison.

D．A conclusion.