【推荐1】A California family drives a car that could help protect the environment. When Jon and Sandy go to the store or to their daughters’ soccer games, they drive in high-tech style. They drive a $1 million, fuel-cell-powered car. It may be the world’s most expensive car and one of the most environmentally friendly cars. The FCX is the first fuel-cell-powered car to be used by a family anywhere in the world. The FCX uses hydrogen and oxygen for fuel. Car makers have been working to develop vehicles that are better for the environment. They are developing cars that use fuel other than gasoline.

And then what is fuel cell technology? Fuel cell technology works by changing the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water. This process produces electricity, and water vapor which comes out of the exhaust pipe. Most cars release dangerous gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Many scientists say these gases are major contributors to global warming. “The FCX is driven just like any other vehicle on the road, but without the gases which pollute the environment,” scientists say. Fuel cell technology has been around since the 1800s, but scientists have yet been to perfect it. They say it may take years before the technology is ready for widespread use. Another earth-friendly car is already on the market. Hybrid cars use both gasoline and an electric motor. They are becoming more popular with customers because they cut pollution and improve fuel efficiency.

1. Which of the following about the FCX is not true?

A．It lets out dangerous gases to pollute the air.

B．It may be the most expensive car in the world.

C．It is one of the most environmentally friendly cars.

D．It uses hydrogen and oxygen for fuel other than gasoline.

2. According to the passage, what is the major cause for global warming?

A．gases from FCX.	B．gases from cars.
C．hydrogen and oxygen.	D．water vapor from cars.

3. From the passage, we know that fuel cell technology _______.

A．works by water	B．works by electricity
C．has been widely used since the 1800s	D．has a history for over two hundred years

4. What can we infer from the passage?

A．there will be no gasoline for cars.

B．global warming has been stopped.

C．people can’t afford to buy cars in the future.

D．future cars will be environmentally friendly.

【推荐2】As reported in JAMA Surgery, the researchers discovered that e-scooter(电动摩托车) injury rates had increased dramatically in just four years, rising from 6 per 100,000 in the population to 19 per 100,000. Of the estimated 14,651 e-scooter-related injuries in 2018, 4,658, or 32%, involved the head. “While most people recover from head injuries, there is going to be a subset with long-term disability and life changes,” said Dr. Benjamin Breyer.

Dr. Benjamin Breyer of the University of California, Los Angeles, pointed to a 2019 analysis of the data from two hospitals in Southern California, which found just 4.8% of injured e-scooter riders were wearing helmets.

Dr. Joann Elmore, a professor of medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, believed that most e-scooter users are probably unaware of the risks. To make the point, she described a photo taken by a colleague. “There were two riders on an e-scooter,” she said. “No one had shoes on. There were no helmets. And the woman in front had a baby in a baby carrier.”

The new report highlights the need for more research on new technologies, said Dr. Guohua Li, a professor of epidemiology(流行病学).

“Just as there is a global network of experts working on infectious diseases, there needs to be a similar program devoted to the surveillance(监视，监察) and prevention of injuries caused by merging technologies products and lifestyles, such as e-scooters, e-sports, etc.,” Li said in an email.

“The challenge for researchers and policymakers is to keep up with the ever-changing society and protect the public from unnecessary harm caused by new technologies and products without hindering innovation,” he added.

1. What can we know from the passage?

A．E-scooter injury rates had increased due to speeding.

B．32% of injured e-scooter riders weren’t wearing helmets.

C．There is a program devoted to the prevention of injuries caused by advanced technologies.

D．Protection and innovation are of equal importance.

2. What can we infer from Dr. Joann Elmore’s comments?

A．She is an anti-scooter.

B．The woman in front was pregnant.

C．She is concerned about the e-scooter users.

D．Most e-scooter riders often drive at high speed.

3. What does the underlined word “hindering” probably mean?

A．Preventing.	B．Limiting.
C．Developing.	D．Making progress.

4. What’s the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?

A．To arouse people’s awareness of the risks and self-protection.

B．To introduce a new way of transport — e-scooters.

C．To ask people not to ride e-scooters any more.

D．To urge policymakers to make laws as soon as possible.

【推荐3】About three decades ago,   China was known as the “Bicycle Kingdom”. But the two­wheel way of transport's popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuel­powered competitors.

But recent months have seen a revival of the bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing to cycle   instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike­sharing systems has brought the trend to   a new level.

People can unlock the shared bikes by simply using their smartphones. The bikes are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user. They're popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “last mile problem”，   which refers to the final leg of a person's journey.

However, the systems have also led to problems such as   illegal parking, damage and theft. Last month, two nurses in   Beijing were placed under arrest for five days for putting locks on two shared bikes.

“Bike­sharing is a greener method of transport and provides a user­friendly experience，” said Liu Xiaoming, vice­minister of transport. “But it's a combination of online and offline business. Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience, which causes problems.”

Now, Chinese service operators are trying to handle these problems. For example, a bike­sharing company called Mobike sets a 100­point credit score for each user, with points taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5－1 yuan.

1. The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 probably means ________.

A．survival	B．recovery
C．existence	D．popularity

2. The bike­sharing systems are popular because ________.

A．they are very effective

B．they can be picked up anywhere

C．they are equipped with GPS

D．they help to solve the “last mile problem”

3. To solve the problems of illegal parking, damage and theft, operators need to ________.

A．offer stronger online services

B．combine online and offline business

C．provide credit scores for users

D．obtain more offline business experience

【推荐1】A newly discovered lizard (蜥蜴) found in the Philippines has made scientists think there might be other never-before-seen creatures on that country’s islands. But scientists say those creatures might never be found because the islands’ rain forests are in danger.

The latest lizard was first spotted in 2001 when scientists saw local people of the island catch it for food. Scientists took some pictures of the lizard. Finally scientists caught a lizard themselves to study. They named the new lizard the Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor because it was discovered in the islands’ Sierra Madre Mountains. The 6.6-foot-long lizard has bright yellow markings that distinguish (区分) it from more boring-looking monitors. Its legs are mainly yellow, and its tail is black and yellow.

So how could scientists work in the Philippines’ rain forests for years without finding the new lizard? They say the Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor is unlike other lizards and their larger cousin, the Komodo dragon. All of those lizards are meat-eaters. But the new-found lizard eats fruit. That means it never has to come down out of the trees. Its uniquely colored skin, quiet manner, and treetop home helped it remain hidden from scientists’ view for many years.

The discovery of the Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor is making scientists realize that Philippines’ rain forests may hold many undiscovered species. But those species will not be found if the rain forests keep disappearing. Twenty years ago, forests covered about 35 percent of the Philippines’ land. But people have been encroaching on that land and building on it. Today, forests cover less than 25 percent of the country’s land.

The rain forests are a “conservation (保护) hot spot” that need to be protected, scientists say. “I hope we can make the new lizard a ‘poster child’ for conservation of the land,” said one scientist.

1. What is the scientists’ attitude to finding more new creatures in Philippines’ rain forests?

A．Interested.	B．Doubtful.
C．Excited.	D．Supportive.

2. How did scientists discover the new lizard?

A．They caught one with the help of locals.

B．The locals gave one to scientists as a gift.

C．They found it from pictures taken by locals.

D．They noticed it when locals hunted the lizard.

3. What is special about the new-found lizard according to Paragragh 3?

A．It is a cruel meat-eater.	B．It is the largest lizard in Asia.
C．It spends most time in trees.	D．It looks like Komodo dragon.

4. What does the underlined phrase “encroaching on” mean?

A．Invading.(侵略)	B．Protecting.
C．Maintaining.	D．Deserting.

【推荐2】The name of the race comes from the name of an Alaska gold rush town, Iditarod. It means “distant” or “distant place.” It comes from one of the languages of native Alaskans.

More than sixty sled teams begin the race in Anchorage. When the teams reach the outskirts(郊外) of town, they get a taste of Alaska’s wilderness. For about two weeks, they will fight the unbearable cold, wind, snow, and ice to complete the race. The temperature on the trail is often well below zero degrees. The Iditarod trail extends for about a thousand miles. It has many rendezvous points. At these meeting places, the race teams “check in” to let the officials know how they are doing. Some teams get into trouble along the way. Officials will stop them and give them the help they need. For example, officials might stop a team’s progress to give first aid, or to collect an injured or tired dog. These dogs are well cared for and will be reunited with their owners after the race.

The Iditarod trail is an important part of Alaska’s history. A part of the trail was used by some heroic dogs and humans in 1925. In Nome, Alaska, many people were catching the deadly disease Diphtheria. So the whole town was in quarantine, or isolation, in order to stop this disease. The only way to get medicine to Nome was by dogsled. About twenty "mushers, "or dogsled drivers, offered to help. They wanted to save the people of Nome from this terrible disease.

Today the Iditarod race shows honors to this special heroic journey and to all of the journeys on the famous trail. As the race organizers say, the Iditarod is “the last great race on Earth.”

1. Which of the following is TRUE about the Iditarod race?

A．It is held every year in the downtown streets in Anchorage.

B．It usually lasts about two weeks in freezing cold weather.

C．It is held to honor the gold seekers who once lived in Iditarod.

D．Its trail is totally different from the one used by some heroic dogs.

2. In the race, it’s possible for a seriously injured dog ______.

A．to finish the race unnoticed	B．to meet its owner again
C．to work for a new owner	D．to get timely treatment

3. When a town is in quarantine (in Paragraph 3), people in the town ______.

A．can get whatever they want easily	B．have to exchange gold for medicine
C．are not allowed to go out freely	D．will be remembered as heroes

4. The passage is mainly about ______.

A．life in Alaska	B．a dogsled race of Alaska
C．a period of Alaska’s history	D．heroic dogs and people in Alaska

【推荐3】How to Let Go of the World and Love All the Things Climate Can’t Change is the latest movie from filmmaker and climate activist Josh Fox. The movie is the third film in a three-part series about climate change.

In 2010, Fox’s documentary Gasland explored the hotly debated process of removing natural gas from the ground. He examined the subject again in Gasland II. Fox was against traditional fossil fuels(矿物燃料) and in support of renewable energy. In his third film, Fox says pollution from fossil fuels must be reduced. Without limits, there will be more extreme weather, like dry weather, rising sea levels and lack of food and water. “When you really meet that head on, it causes unbelievable danger.”

Fox notes there are things that climate cannot change. “Those are our value structure and that is what the film starts to explain. We start to really emphasize the things that are inside-courage, love, generosity and creativity. I think those are the centers of what we talk about when we talk about a response to climate change.”

In the new film, Fox travels through a sunless forest in the Amazon with local activists to measure oil spills. He goes to a village in Ecuador to learn how people there stopped a pipeline from being built. He joins young people in Australia to stop ships from entering the port of Newcastle.

“You should probably know the negative part of what we’re about to do. This is the short list: drowning, arrest, being run over by boats, being carried away in water into the Pacific Ocean, cultural disrespect and big waves.”

Also in the film, Fox talks to Ella Zhou, an energy expert. She explained the importance of what she calls“moral(道德) imagination”. “I think that it forces us to get out of our box of thinking about, for example, what is being successful. It allows us to have a moral value about what we want as a person. What do we want to do for the world and for ourselves? ”

1. What does the underlined word “that” refer to?

A．The extreme weather.	B．The lack of food and water.
C．The pollution from fossil fuels.	D．The support for renewable energy.

2. What did Fox start to explain in his third film?

A．The centers of our value structure.

B．The correct response to climate change.

C．The terrible effects climate change causes.

D．The process of removing natural gas from the ground.

3. Why did Fox make a short list?

A．To call on people to join him.

B．To express his love for adventure.

C．To prove that filming is a difficult career.

D．To stress the difficulties they met as climate activists.

4. According to Ella, which of the following is TRUE about moral imagination?

A．It tells us the way to success.	B．It makes us creative in thinking.
C．It encourages us to realize our dreams.	D．It helps us find the true meaning of life.

【推荐1】Scientists say they have found out a chemical produced by locusts（蝗虫）that causes the insects to join together in huge swarms（群）.

On their own, locusts are mostly harmless. But in large swarms, they can be extremely destructive. The new finding could lead to new methods to prevent locusts from joining swarms to destroy huge areas of crops.

A recent study published in Nature identifies a pheromone believed to be responsible for the insect’s swarming behavior. A pheromone is a chemical item produced by an animal that influences the behavior of another animal of the same kind.

The pheromone, known as 4VA, was found in the world’s most widespread kind of locust, the migratory locust. It powerfully drew locusts of both sexes and all ages, the research found. And it was produced when as few as four to five locusts came together.

Lead researcher Le Kang is with the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology. He told Reuters news agency that migratory locusts are so widespread and dangerous, they represent"a serious threat to agriculture worldwide. " Kang said further research will be needed to find out if 4VA exists in other species, such as the desert locust.

Kang said a chemical could be developed to block 4VA’s effects to prevent swarming. A man-made version of the pheromone might also be developed to attract locusts into traps to be killed. Locusts could also be developed with genetic changes that would not react to 4VA, Kang added. Such locusts could be sent to the wild to build wild non-swarming populations.

Leslie Vosshall, head of Rockefeller University’s Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior in New York, said one of the most exciting developments would be finding a chemical that could block the reception of 4VA. She noted that there are still several unknowns about the research. These include whether 4VA is the only cause of swarm formation, and whether other locust species respond similarly to the chemical.

1. What is the new finding of the study?

A．New methods could be used to stop locusts.

B．Locusts do not cause much damage on their own.

C．A large number of locusts can destroy the crops terribly.

D．Locusts swarm because of a chemical produced by themselves.

2. What can we learn about the pheromone?

A．It only exists in the migratory locust.	B．It is made at least in groups of forty.
C．It is to blame for the locust’s swarming.	D．It affects the behavior of other animals.

3. What is Leslie’s attitude toward the prevention of the locust’s swarming?

A．Pessimistic.

B．Optimistic.

C．Subjective.

D．Objective.

4. Which can be a suitable title of this passage?

A．Can we kill locusts?	B．How do locusts destroy crops?
C．How do locusts get swarmed?	D．Can we control the locust’s damaging?

【推荐2】Alibaba co-founder and chairman Jack Ma on Monday announced in an open letter that he would step down, with the company CEO Daniel Zhang taking over as the chairman of the board. Zhang, is known as a key architect of Alibaba’s “Singles Day”, the Nov. 11 event that has become the world’s largest online shopping event. In the letter entitled “Happy Teachers’ Day,” Ma said he would retire as the chairman of the board on Sept. 10, 2019. Ma said he would work closely with Zhang to ensure a smooth transition and stay on the Alibaba board of directors until the annual shareholders meeting in two years. After he steps down, he will continue to be part of the “Alibaba Partnership”, which has the ability to nominate the majority of directors on the company’s board. He also wants to return to education and charity, which gives him excitement and blessings.

“There’s only Bill Gates who has done the same. No other tech founder in the world has just resigned like that at the top,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, which publishes an annual influential list of China’s richest people. Hoogewerf added that in China, Ma was a figure like no other, with friends ranging from movie stars to billionaires, though he often outshone them all. “He’s the big one, he’s the one that brings them together.”

The company was founded at a time when the industry was still dominated by state-owned firms and entrepreneurship was seen as a risky career path. Alibaba, previously recognized as an on-line shopping company, also has investments in sports content, microchips and facial recognition technology and has been positioning itself as a serious player in cloud computing. Mr. Ma said in the letter, “The one thing I can promise everyone is this: Alibaba was never about Jack Ma, but Jack Ma will forever belong to Alibaba.”

1. What do we learn about Abibaba from this passage?

A．It was founded by Jack Ma alone.

B．It is nothing more than an on-line shopping company.

C．It was founded at the time when private-owned firms was in a minority.

D．Its shareholders meeting holds twice a year.

2. What can we infer from paragraph 2?

A．Hoogewerf speaks highly of Jack Ma’s firm.

B．Bill Gates and Jack Ma have a lot in common.

C．Other than stars and billionaires, Jack Ma makes few friends.

D．Jack Ma is an influential person to unite his friends.

3. Jack Ma will do the following things after stepping down except________.

A．Helping people in need.

B．Ensuring the company’s transition.

C．Education career.

D．Suggesting candidates for the board.

4. What’s the best title for this passage?

A．The Brief Introduction of Jack Ma

B．Daniel Zhang to Take Over Alibaba

C．Alibaba’s Development

D．Jack Ma to Step Down as Alibaba’s Head

【推荐3】If you live in certain parts of the world, you will see something magical happen each fall. It is the changing of the color of the leaves on many different trees. Each year deciduous (落叶的) trees go through a process in which their green leaves become bright yellow, gold, orange and red before turning brown and falling onto the ground.

Photosynthesis (光合作用) is the process for trees to make their food taking energy from the sun, water from the ground, and carbon dioxide from the air, they make sugar to “eat” so they can grow into strong, healthy trees. The leaves of a tree are where photosynthesis happens because the chlorophyll (叶绿素) in the leaves is what makes photosynthesis possible. Chlorophyll also has another job—it is what makes leaves green. When the seasons change in places where deciduous trees grow and the days get shorter and the weather gets colder, it is harder for the chlorophyll in the leaves to make the food needed to stay green. So instead of making more food, the leaves start using food they have stored away for this time of year.

As the leaves use the food that has been stored away, cells form at the bottom of each leaf. These cells act like a door between the leaf and the rest of the tree—a door that closes very slowly and doesn’t shut until all the leaf’s food is gone. While this is happening, the colors in the leaves of the trees are able to show through. In fact, the red, yellow, gold and orange colors are hiding in the leaves all summer long. The colors just can’t be seen in the summer because of all the chlorophyll in the leaves.

You might be wondering how the rest of the tree keeps growing when the weather turns cold and the leaves die and fall. Doesn’t the rest of the tree need the food made by the tree’s leaves?

Not really. The tree trunk and branches get food from the roots of the tree. The roots supply water, vitamins and minerals they get from the ground. Trees need sunshine and warm weather to grow, but they also need time to rest like bears that sleep during the winter.

1. Why do leaves change colors?

A．They save some energy to stay alive.

B．The chlorophyll stores some food away.

C．They have to get used to the cold weather.

D．They can’t get enough energy from the sun.

2. In which situation do leaves fall off deciduous trees?

A．When there is no sunlight any longer .

B．When the food stored away in the leaves is use up.

C．When the chlorophyll in the leaves stops working.

D．When cells start to form at the bottom of each leaf .

3. How do trees survive in winter?

A．By getting food from the ground.

B．By storing food in their branches.

C．By storing food in their roots.

D．By making the most use of the dead leaves.

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To study how trees survive in winter.

B．To tell about the importance of photosynthesis.

C．To explain why leaves change colors.

D．To show the changes of trees in the whole year.