Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.
Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.
Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life, To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.
Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.
Dog expressions also are used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.
1. What does the passage mainly talk about?| A．How to live with the dog. | B．Expressions related to the word “dog”. |
| C．American’s love to the dog. | D．Dog expressions with the weather. |
| A．leading a dog’s life | B．becoming sick as a dog |
| C．living in a dog-eat-dog world | D．working like a dog |
| A．Everyone can be successful if he learns from the old. |
| B．It might be difficult for the young to learn new skills. |
| C．Mean dogs aren’t so awful as their appearance in fact. |
| D．Junkyard dogs are not careful in money arrangement. |
| A．listing reasons | B．giving examples | C．making comparisons | D．using quotations |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing the order of the words and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs (助动词) , we are able to communicate variations in meaning. We can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform other word tricks to convey delicate differences in meaning. Besides，grammar is universal and plays a part in every language， no matter how widespread it is. So the question which has confused many linguists is: who created grammar?
At first, this question would appear impossible to answer. To find out how grammar is created，someone needs to be present at the time of a language’s creation, documenting its emergence. Some linguists are able to trace modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but to know the forming of complex languages, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch. Amazingly, however, this is possible.
Some recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At that time，slaves from different nations were forced to work together. Since they could not learn each other’s languages. they developed a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. Little grammar is found in them，and in many cases it is difficult or a listener to infer when an event happened, and who did what to whom. Speakers need to use circumlocution (迁回曲折的说法) in order to make themselves understood. Interestingly，however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it. Slave children did not simply copy words from their elders, they adapted them to create a language. It included new word orders and grammatical markers. Complex grammar systems merging from pidgins are termed creoles, which are invented by children.
Some linguists believe that many of the world’s most established languages were creoles at first. The -ed ending in English past tense may have evolved from “did”,”It ended”, which was first used by kids, may once have been “It end-did”. Therefore. it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have been born with grammatical machinery in their brains. which can serve to create logical, complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us?| A．Language learners know that grammar is of complexity. |
| B．One cal do a lot with his good command of grammar. |
| C．Grammar is both complex and universal in languages. |
| D．Linguists face a question in creating confusing grammars |
| A．from the very beginning |
| B．in ancient cultures |
| C．by copying something else |
| D．by using written information |
| A．It contained a complex grammar system. |
| B．It was first created by the slaves’ landowners. |
| C．It was based on a lot of different languages. |
| D．It was difficult to understand, even among slaves. |
| A．The English past tense system is inaccurate. |
| B．English was probably once a kind of creole. |
| C．Linguists have proven that English was created by children. |
| D．Children use English past tenses differently from adults. |
【推荐2】Born in France, but raised in Spain, linguistics and literature professor Juan José Ciruela Alferez from the University of Granada is passionate about Chinese literature and has been doing some research about it. With painstaking effort, his Spanish translation of a Chinese classic was published last year.
Ciruela said translating the novel was an interesting challenge. In recent years, many Chinese works have been introduced to Spain. However, as most of them had been translated first into English and then from that language into Spanish, much of the originality was lost. For this reason, when the Spanish publishing house Kailas contacted Ciruela to translate it directly from Chinese, he accepted the mission immediately, even if it presented difficulties like a heavy workload within a short time limit.
“I encountered various difficulties, especially at the beginning of the task,” said Ciruela in an interview. “This novel, in particular, needs a prior reading process in which the translator gets into the plot and the characters, since at first it is difficult to enter the world that the novel constantly raises. So I read the novel first in Chinese, paying attention to all those details and how all of that could be translated in a way that the Spanish readers would understand.
For Ciruela, the most important criterion when translating is fidelity (忠诚) to the original text. While it is true that one cannot always be strictly faithful, he believes translators should not be too far from original texts. For example, the translation of culturemes (expressions of culture in language)is quite complicated due to the cultural gap between Spanish and Chinese. Ciruela believes that these must always be appropriate to the specific function they perform within the text, in each specific case and moment.
1. What does the underlined phrase “that language” probably refer to?| A．Spanish. | B．English. | C．Chinese. | D．French. |
| A．His passion for Spanish literature. | B．His determination to popularize it. |
| C．The lack of its direct translation into Spanish. | D．The loss of diversity in Spanish translation. |
| A．Its barrier. | B．Its principle. | C．Its style. | D．Its meaning. |
| A．Meeting readers’ needs. | B．Targeting cultural phenomena. |
| C．Bridging the cultural gap. | D．Being loyal to the original text. |
【推荐3】The American literature is from the Romanticism to the Realism.
The American Romanticism began from the end of 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War, which is also called the American Renaissance. The period is as well as the time of American Westward Expansion. During the period, there were lots of workforces crowding to the cities, which promoted the industry. The people found that they need their-own literature to record their experiences. So the Romanticism flourished (繁荣).
The Romanticism in American literature focuses on imagination and emotional factors. The American writers paid more attentions to the free expression of feelings and the characters’ inner world. During the romantic period, there were many writers: Philip Freneau, William Cullen Bryant and so on.
The Realism in American literature was from 1865 to 1914, and it takes on the American spirit, especially in American stories. The Realism against the Romanticism, advocates the people to come down to the earth and get rid of daydreams.
During the 50 years from the Civil War to the WWI, the America had experienced a great change on many aspects, such as the politics, economy, culture and religion. It had changed the nature and the idea of the American society. The writers of new age didn’t agree with the Romanticism of the old age.They were interested in real life and wanted to explain everything relating to the real life, which is to claim the objective reality, to get rid of idealism and Romanticism.
There were 3 main writers at that time: William Peanoweils, Henry James and Mark Twain. Their writings represented the American native customs with their deep rural styles, which uncovered the people’s inner life.
1. What does the passage talk about?| A．The American Romanticism. |
| B．The History of America |
| C．The Civil War of America |
| D．The American literature |
| A．The Realism in American literature. |
| B．The American literature. |
| C．The period from 1865-1914. |
| D．The American spirit. |
| A．William Cullen Bryant | B．William Peanoweils |
| C．Henry James | D．Mark Twain |
| A．the two styles of American literature have the same theme |
| B．the Romanticism focuses more on peoples’ inner feelings |
| C．the Realism encourages people to daydream |
| D．the Realism flourished earlier than the Romanticism |
【推荐1】Six Neanderthals who lived in what is now France were eaten by their fellow Neanderthals some 100,000 years ago, according to fearful evidence of the cannibalistic (食人的) event discovered by scientists in a cave in the 1990s. Now, researchers may have figured out why the Neanderthals, including two children, became victims of cannibalism: Global warming.
While previous studies have examined Neanderthal remains to find proof of cannibalistic behavior, this is the first study to offer clues as to what may have led Neanderthals to become cannibals. Scientists found that rapid changes in local ecosystems as the planet warmed may have wiped out the animal species that Neanderthals ate, forcing them to look elsewhere to fill their stomachs.
The researchers examined a layer of sediment (沉积物) in a cave known as Baume Moula-Guercy, in southeastern France. In that layer, charcoal (碳) and animal bones were so well-preserved that scientists could reconstruct an environmental picture representing 120,000 to 130,000 years ago. They discovered that the climate in the area was likely even warmer than it is today, and that the change from a cold, dry climate to a warmer one happened quickly. “Maybe within a few generations”, study co-author Emmanuel said. As the animals that once populated the landscape disappeared, some Neanderthals ate what they could find — their neighbors.
Cannibalism is by no means unique to Neanderthals, and has been practiced by humans and their relatives “from the early Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age and beyond,” the study authors reported. The behavior adopted by the starving Neanderthals in the Baume Moula-Guercy should therefore not be viewed as “a mark of bestiality (兽性) or sub-humanity”, but as an emergency adaptation to a period of severe environmental stress, according to the study.
1. What does the study mainly focus on?| A．The social behavior of Neanderthals. |
| B．The reason for cannibalism among Neanderthals. |
| C．The climate change in southeastern France. |
| D．The influence of global warming on ancient animals. |
| A．It was no warmer than it is today. |
| B．It was first warm while later cold and dry. |
| C．Its change was mild and went through quite a long process. |
| D．Its change is a chief factor contributing to cannibalism. |
| A．Neanderthals’ cannibalism showed their bestiality. |
| B．Cannibalism was actually a measure the Neanderthals had to adopt to survive. |
| C．Neanderthals’ cannibalism guaranteed their rule over other tribes. |
| D．Only Neanderthals were found to have cannibalism in human history. |
| A．In a science journal. | B．In a travel brochure. |
| C．In a history book. | D．In a geography book. |
【推荐2】Have you ever sent a text or shared something online that you immediately regretted? Most of us have. Now a growing number of apps and services are offering users the attractive ability to edit those messages.
In September alone, Twitter and Apple introduced editing features. Twitter kicked off September by announcing it would test an edit button (按钮). Within two weeks of that move, Apple introduced its new iOS 16 operating system, which lets users-for the first time-edit and unsend iMessages.
Users can now edit an iMessage up to five times within 15 minutes after sending it and unsend any message up to two minutes after it’s sent. To do this, users need only tap and hold their sent message, then choose “edit” or “undo send.” On Twitter, the edit button will give people a “generous” time, says Christina Wodtke, a lecturer in computer science at Stanford University. Users will be able to edit a tweet (推文信息) up to five times in the 30 minutes after it’s posted. Once a change is made, a tweet will be marked with a time stamp, and a label (标签) that says “Last Edited.”
“What they’re doing is creating an edit button that allows the Twitter audience to be your personal editor,” Wodtke says. “So if you say something that is difficult to believe, you could quickly change it to be clearer or less open to being misunderstood.” Wodtke does warn that especially on Twitter, editing could be used for harmful purposes. Someone looking to spread disinformation, for example, could edit their originally harmless tweet to make it false or harmful after it’s already started reaching an audience.
To ensure edit tools are used for good purposes, experts say, tech companies must take certain safety measures. “The importance of an ‘edit trail (痕迹)’ that prevents the spread of mis-and disinformation can’t be overstated,” says Wodtke, “especially when the information is part of the public record.”
Twitter says the feature was designed to be transparent (透明的) and protect the integrity (完整性) of the conversation. “We’re purposely starting this test with a smaller group to learn and deal with possible issues before bringing it to more people,” a Twitter spokesperson says.
1. How is Apple’s edit button different from Twitter’s?| A．It offers its users less time to regret. |
| B．It offers its users fewer chances to edit. |
| C．It allows its users to tap more words into a message. |
| D．It allows its users to label the message they have edited. |
| A．It can make its users more organized. | B．It can be used to spread wrong messages. |
| C．It can help messages reach more audiences. | D．It can cause people to take messages lightly. |
| A．It is still being tested. | B．It will add more functions. |
| C．It should be more transparent. | D．It has led to unexpected issues. |
| A．A growing need for an edit button | B．The deep thinking behind the edit button |
| C．The past and present of the edit button | D．Promises and risks of a new edit button |
【推荐3】New research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help:“I’m being attacked!” When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects—the wasps(黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Con and chilli plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plants. Achilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi(真菌). This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cyber crime”. Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows? Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
1. What can we infer from Paragraph 2 and 3?| A．A bean plant may release its own different chemicals to drive insects away. |
| B．A bean plant can only attract wasps to kill the harmful insects. |
| C．Scientists have learned more about this plant warning system. |
| D．Most plants can make noises and listen to noises. |
| A．The “wood wide web” is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. |
| B．The “wood wide web” has its own version of “cyber crime”. |
| C．Plants have an amazing system of communication that can nearly cover a forest. |
| D．Scientists will create a “firewall” to protect the wood wide web from attacks. |
| A．Worried. | B．Optimistic. | C．Uninterested. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．The secret language of plants |
| B．The benefits of plants’ talking |
| C．How plants communicate with each other |
| D．How plants communicate with people |
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others often. We try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.
Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.
No more angry shouts and no more horns!
When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.
Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.
1. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ________.
| A．they offer their help |
| B．they receive others’ help |
| C．they feel others’ kindness |
| D．they show their weakness |
| A．he has a soft heart |
| B．he relies much on others |
| C．some people pretend to be kind |
| D．some people fail to see the kindness in others |
| A．They speed up to pass. |
| B．They waited with patience. |
| C．They tried their best to help. |
| D．They put on their flashlights too. |
| A．handle problems by ourselves |
| B．accept help from others |
| C．admit our weakness |
| D．show our bravery |
| A．A Wheelchair Experience. |
| B．Weakness and Kindness. |
| C．Weakness and Strength. |
| D．A Driving Experience. |
【推荐2】I keep remembering odd things: the way she loved daffodils, jokes she told at the dinner table, the look in her eyes when she talked about my future. I knew about college before I’d never heard of high school was Mom’s second chance at the degree she never had.
Her parents pushed her too much, too hard, and she always wished she hadn’t let the pressure defeat her. She dropped out of college after one term for marriage and a secretarial job. While she never regretted marrying my father, she always regretted giving up her dream of becoming an accountant. She was determined her eldest daughter would never miss an opportunity.
One of the most extremely special times of my life was Christmas in my second school year, when I played Tiny Tim in a local community theater production of “A Christmas Carol.” Mom delighted in my endless rehearsal stories and spent hours helping me work out ways of disguising my long hair. There’s a line in the show: “And it was always said of him that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive possessed the knowledge.” Change the pronouns and that sentence describes Mom perfectly.
She was the one person I could talk to about anything. She was right about so much, so often—much more than I gave her credit for at the time.
I never imagined she wouldn’t be here now. I never thought cancer could strike so quickly, could kill someone so strong and determined in only a year. She’s the one person I couldn’t imagine living without; now, since last January, I’ve had to. Suddenly, I have no one to talk to about meaningless little things, no one whose advice I trust completely to help me with decisions. When I come home from school, I come home to an empty house, troubled by memories of the year she spent here dying. I remember the disastrous Thanksgiving when she was feeling terrible, and our wonderful last Christmas Eve together.
What I feel cheated of is the future we’ll never have.
1. What can be learned about the author’s mother in Paragraph 2?| A．She gave in to her parents. | B．She had an obedient daughter. |
| C．She fell in love with her husband in college. | D．She wished her kids to follow her example. |
| A．Her rehearsal stories. | B．Her mother’s company. |
| C．Her favorite line from the show. | D．Her mother’s skills in doing hair. |
| A．Clever and passionate. | B．Caring and humorous. |
| C．Supportive and reliable. | D．Talented and hard-working. |
| A．To show her mother’s great sadness. | B．To tell anecdotes about her mother. |
| C．To talk about the cruelty of the disease. | D．To share fond memories of her mother. |
【推荐3】We all have our bad days. No one is going to wake up each and every morning in a cheery mood. Sometimes we all feel just a little bit grumpier (脾气暴躁的) than usual, and that’s just a part of being human. Yet once we get to the office, many in the workforce feel it necessary to hide their emotions, whether they are in frustration, anger, or sadness. Interestingly, a new study finds keeping one’s behavior at the office authentic will result in greater productivity and a better relationship with co-workers. In other words: act how you feel, and don’t fake it.
It’s extremely common for the average workspace to preach an attitude of continuous positivity. While this may be beneficial from the CEO’s viewpoint, it just isn’t realistic when applied to real people with real problems and daily hardships. That’s why, the research team have concluded, employees will actually feel better, work harder, and connect more with their colleagues if they don’t hide their feelings with a fake smile.
Over 2,500 working adults, from a variety of industries such as finance or engineering, took part in this research via surveys. The questionnaires measured two distinct types of on-the-job emotional regulation: surface acting and deep acting. Surface acting means faking happiness while interacting with other employees; and deep acting refers to actively trying to change one’s emotions and feelings in order to be more pleasant at work. The study’s authors were interested to see how common it is for working adults to regulate their emotions while on the clock, and if so. Why? What benefits are employees gaining from such behavior?
After analyzing all of the survey responses, researchers identified four distinct types of individuals who hide or regulate their emotions around co-workers. “Non-actors” rarely hide their true feelings, and if they do, only to a very small extent. “Low actors” usually take part in only slight deep and surface acting. “Deep actors” perform lots of deep acting and low levels of surface acting, and “Regulators” exhibit high levels of both surface and deep acting.
By far non-actors were the smallest identified group in the study. Regulators, or employees who tend to hide their true feelings most often, are usually motivated by feelings of self-interest. These people believe that by hiding their feelings they will gain access to additional work resources and look good in front of their managers and co-workers. Deep actors, on the other hand, are usually more motivated by “pro-social” factors. This means they choose to hide their emotions because they believe it develops a healthier working environment. Regulators are the most likely of the four to experience great emotional tiredness and exhaustion. Meanwhile, deep actors tend to achieve improved well-being most frequently.
1. Many office workers tend to ________.| A．show their anger | B．behave naturally |
| C．focus on their jobs only | D．pretend to be happy |
| A．Promote. | B．Forbid. | C．Change. | D．Ignore |
| A．By performing experiments. |
| B．By analyzing questionnaire data. |
| C．By taking field trips to offices. |
| D．By interviewing CEOs. |
| A．They are straightforward and like to help others. |
| B．They are more surface acting than deep acting. |
| C．They like to build an image that will benefit them. |
| D．They are self-interested and will do whatever it takes to succeed. |
| A．“Non-actors” always hold back their true feelings on purpose. |
| B．“Low-actors” are, most likely to display their true feelings. |
| C．Hiding true feelings is sure to leave a good impression. |
| D．It is worthwhile to become deep actors in a way. |
| A．stress the significance of displaying true feelings |
| B．highlight the importance of hiding true feelings |
| C．urge people to keep a cheerful emotion at work |
| D．persuade people to better their working efficiency |
【推荐1】If you want your life to stand for peace and kindness, it’s helpful to do kind, peaceful things. One of my favorite ways to do this is by developing my own helping actions. These little acts of kindness are opportunities to be of service and reminders of how good it feels to be kind and helpful.
We live in a rural area of the San Francisco Bay Area. Most of what we see is beauty of nature. One of the exceptions to the beauty is the litter that some people throw out of their windows as they are driving on the rural roads. One of the few shortcomings to live in the mountainous area is that public services, such as litter collection, are less available than those are closer to the city.
A helping action that I practice regularly with my two children is picking up litter in our surrounding area. We’ve become so used to doing this that my daughters will often say to me in exciting voices, “There’s some litter, Daddy, stop the car!” And if we have time, we will often pull over and pick it up. It may seem strange, but we actually enjoy it. We pick up litter in parks, on sidewalks, practically anywhere. Once I even saw a complete stranger picking up litter close to where we live. He smiled at me and said, “I saw you doing it, and it seemed like a good idea.”
Picking up litter is only one of endless supplies of possible helping actions. You might like holding a door open for people, visiting lonely elderly people in nursing homes, or removing snow off someone else’s driveway. Think of something that seems effortless yet helpful .It’s fun, personally rewarding, and sets a good example. Everyone wins.
1. What does the author think of developing helping actions?| A．It helps us to be winners. | B．It is very difficult. |
| C．It requires lots of effort. | D．It makes us feel good about ourselves. |
| A．It’s in the center of San Francisco. | B．People can see beautiful sceneries here. |
| C．It’s very easy to find litter collection. | D．Few people drive on the rural roads. |
| A．By sharing his own experience. | B．By listing reasons for giving help. |
| C．By explaining different methods to be helpful. | D．By making a comparison with others. |
| A．Parents are the best teachers to their children. | B．Everyone should set good examples to others. |
| C．Small kind acts make the world a better place. | D．Protecting the environment will benefit all of us. |
【推荐2】We often hear that 60 is the new 50. Just check out images of your grandparents or great-grandparents and notice their stooped (驼背的) bodies, their wrinkled faces when they were barely pushing 60. What a contrast with energetic, gym-going sexagenarians (60几岁的人) of today!
A research, overseen by gerontologist Taina Rantanen, compared adults born in 1910 and 1914 with those born roughly 30 years later. Both birth groups were examined in person at age 60 and again at 70 with the same set of six physical tests and five measures of cognition.
According to the research, the later-born group could walk faster, had a stronger hand grasp and could use more force with their lower legs. On cognitive tests, the later-born group had better verbal fluency, and scored higher on a test matching numbers to symbols. But not everything changed across the generations: measures of lung function were surprisingly not changing, and there was no improvement in the short-term-memory task of recalling a series of digits.
There are many reasons why people are aging better, including improved medical care and a drop in smoking, but the key factor shown in the study of physical function was that the later-born adults were more physically active and had bigger bodies, which suggests better nutrition. For brain function, the key seems to be more years of education.
Education is a powerful influence on aging and health, says Luigi Ferrucci, scientific director of the U.S. National Institute on Aging: “With more education, you are probably going to have a larger income, which means you are more likely to go to the doctor, and have good nutrition.” He also points out that the average life span is seven years shorter in a poor state such as Mississippi than in a wealthier one such as California. “Here we still have lots of people who cannot take the drugs they need because they cannot pay for them,” he says. In short, 60 may be the new 50 for many of us but not for all.
1. How does the writer begin the passage?| A．By imagining a scene. | B．By making a comparison. |
| C．By raising a question. | D．By presenting an image. |
| A．Everything didn’t change across the generations. |
| B．The later-born group could hardly grasp things more tightly. |
| C．The later-born group did worse in matching numbers to symbols. |
| D．There was a little improvement in short-term memory in both groups. |
| A．Improved medical care. | B．Education. |
| C．Better nutrition. | D．Energetic images. |
| A．Many reasons contribute to people’s better physical function. |
| B．Today’s energetic sexagenarians have much better images. |
| C．Education is the key to people’s aging better. |
| D．People today are aging better in many ways. |
【推荐3】A few months ago, I was picking up the children at school. Emily, another mother that I knew well, rushed up to me. She was filled with anger. “Do you know what you and I are?” she demanded. Before I could answer, she gave out the reason for her question. She had just returned from renewing her driver’s license at a government office. Asked by the woman recorder to state her occupation, Emily hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself. “What I mean is,” explained the woman, “Do you have a job, or are you just a ...?” “Of course I have a job,” answered Emily. “I’m a mother.” “We don’t list ‘mother’ as an occupation ... ‘housewife’ covers it,” said the recorder.
I forgot all about her story until one day I found myself in the same situation. This time it was at our own Town Hall. The clerk was a woman. “And what is your occupation?” she asked. What made me say it, I do not know. The words simply jumped out. “I’m ... a Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations.” The clerk paused, her ball-point pen frozen in mid air, and looked up as though she had not heard right. I repeated the title slowly, emphasizing the most significant words.
“Might I ask,” said the clerk with new interest, “just what you do in your field?”
Coolly, I heard myself reply, “I have a continuing program of research in the laboratory and in the field. I’m working for my masters (the whole family) and already have four credits (all daughters). I often work 14 hours a day (24 is more like it). But the job is more challenging than most jobs and the rewards are in satisfaction rather than just money.”
There was an increasing note of respect in the clerk’s voice as she completed the form, stood up and personally showed me out. As I drove into our driveway, I was greeted by my lab assistants—ages 13, 7, and 3. And upstairs I could hear our new experimental model (six months) in the child-development program. I felt successful!
Motherhood...what a glorious career, especially when there is a title on the door.
1. The purpose of Emily’s story is to_______________.| A．prove that being a housewife is shameful |
| B．show how angry Emily was with the author |
| C．tell readers that Emily had no work in reality |
| D．introduce the topic of “motherhood” as a job |
| A．bored and disappointed | B．surprised and curious |
| C．satisfied and respectful | D．interested and thrilled |
| A．Her daughters are all involved in a child-development program. |
| B．Her family is supported by her work as a Research Associate. |
| C．She has four daughters and the youngest is six months old. |
| D．There are at most five members in her family. |
| A．indifferent | B．cautious |
| C．objective | D．humorous |
