We all have our bad days. No one is going to wake up each and every morning in a cheery mood. Sometimes we all feel just a little bit grumpier (脾气暴躁的) than usual, and that’s just a part of being human. Yet once we get to the office, many in the workforce feel it necessary to hide their emotions, whether they are in frustration, anger, or sadness. Interestingly, a new study finds keeping one’s behavior at the office authentic will result in greater productivity and a better relationship with co-workers. In other words: act how you feel, and don’t fake it.
It’s extremely common for the average workspace to preach an attitude of continuous positivity. While this may be beneficial from the CEO’s viewpoint, it just isn’t realistic when applied to real people with real problems and daily hardships. That’s why, the research team have concluded, employees will actually feel better, work harder, and connect more with their colleagues if they don’t hide their feelings with a fake smile.
Over 2,500 working adults, from a variety of industries such as finance or engineering, took part in this research via surveys. The questionnaires measured two distinct types of on-the-job emotional regulation: surface acting and deep acting. Surface acting means faking happiness while interacting with other employees; and deep acting refers to actively trying to change one’s emotions and feelings in order to be more pleasant at work. The study’s authors were interested to see how common it is for working adults to regulate their emotions while on the clock, and if so. Why? What benefits are employees gaining from such behavior?
After analyzing all of the survey responses, researchers identified four distinct types of individuals who hide or regulate their emotions around co-workers. “Non-actors” rarely hide their true feelings, and if they do, only to a very small extent. “Low actors” usually take part in only slight deep and surface acting. “Deep actors” perform lots of deep acting and low levels of surface acting, and “Regulators” exhibit high levels of both surface and deep acting.
By far non-actors were the smallest identified group in the study. Regulators, or employees who tend to hide their true feelings most often, are usually motivated by feelings of self-interest. These people believe that by hiding their feelings they will gain access to additional work resources and look good in front of their managers and co-workers. Deep actors, on the other hand, are usually more motivated by “pro-social” factors. This means they choose to hide their emotions because they believe it develops a healthier working environment. Regulators are the most likely of the four to experience great emotional tiredness and exhaustion. Meanwhile, deep actors tend to achieve improved well-being most frequently.
1. Many office workers tend to ________.| A．show their anger | B．behave naturally |
| C．focus on their jobs only | D．pretend to be happy |
| A．Promote. | B．Forbid. | C．Change. | D．Ignore |
| A．By performing experiments. |
| B．By analyzing questionnaire data. |
| C．By taking field trips to offices. |
| D．By interviewing CEOs. |
| A．They are straightforward and like to help others. |
| B．They are more surface acting than deep acting. |
| C．They like to build an image that will benefit them. |
| D．They are self-interested and will do whatever it takes to succeed. |
| A．“Non-actors” always hold back their true feelings on purpose. |
| B．“Low-actors” are, most likely to display their true feelings. |
| C．Hiding true feelings is sure to leave a good impression. |
| D．It is worthwhile to become deep actors in a way. |
| A．stress the significance of displaying true feelings |
| B．highlight the importance of hiding true feelings |
| C．urge people to keep a cheerful emotion at work |
| D．persuade people to better their working efficiency |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】To reduce the spread of the pandemic （流行病）,Corona Virus, our product manager has announced businesses to start working from home. For those who are working from home, dealing with this situation can be challenging.
Create a work area. Your first challenge is to pick a corner in the home and create a work-space that is perfect for work from home.
Be organized. Get your laptop, cell phone diary in the right place.
Ensure proper lighting is there.
| A．If you are in a noisy home |
| B．Create a private area |
| C．Here's how you can master it |
| D．Certain apps can help you to organize the day |
| E．Find out the right furniture and ensure it is comfortable |
| F．Learn technologies |
| G．It is important to choose that corner of the home where there is proper lighting |
【推荐2】Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over.
A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: First, as members of a police force, they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law.
If the detective has to deceive （欺骗）the world, the world often deceives him.
| A．He can't get any evidence from the witnesses. |
| B．In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. |
| C．Little of his time is spent in chatting. |
| D．Sometimes he can chat with others to relax himself. |
| E．Second, as expensive public servants, they have to get results. |
| F．The first difference is that a policeman's real life revolves round criminal law. |
| G．Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. |
【推荐3】Why Do Millennials (千禧一代) Keep Changing Jobs?
Millennials have been labelled as the “job-hopping generation”. In fact, a recent survey showed that 49% of millennials would leave their job within the next two years! Observers from older generations may think it is caused by the youth’s laziness. However, if we search deeper, there is more than meets the eye.
Instead of the traditional and practical reasons of changing jobs, such as to get better salaries or greater job stability (稳定), many millennials are inspired by value-driven goals. For example, more have to seek new opportunities whenever they lack a sense of belonging in their present jobs. Additionally, some also leave their positions for companies which better suit their value system. Therefore, it is clear that many millennials do not only consider their jobs as a source of income, but in fact, seek meaning and professional achievement in their daily jobs.
Clearly, the fearlessness of millennials in seeking job opportunities has been inspired by new business models. With the rise of online platforms, millennials who prefer work-life balance and flexibility have been attracted towards such jobs. Moreover, the increase of social media has also created more career paths. From food and travel bloggers to YouTube content creators, more millennials are leaving boring desk-bound jobs to look for more untraditional, but certainly attractive, careers.
However, people have different opinions on job-hopping. While some employers value rich experience and skills that job-hopping brings about, many of them still look down upon job-hopping. Some even argue in disappointment that the youths of today are lazy, unable to bear hardships and too self-centered.
The former American President Jimmy Carter once said, “Human identity is no longer defined (定义) by what one does but by what one owns.” Indeed, his comment still rings true today. Rather than allow traditional models of success in society to define our youths, the millennial generation should be encouraged to define new horizons of success by making the right career choices guided by the right values.
1. Why are Millennials more likely to move to new jobs?| A．Because they are unwilling to work very hard. |
| B．Because they want to realize their self-worth. |
| C．Because they hate pressure from present jobs. |
| D．Because they need higher income and position. |
| A．The rapid development of social media promotes new career paths. |
| B．There are fewer professions available to Millennials on the Internet. |
| C．There are factors contributing to Millennials’ flexible job-changing. |
| D．The tiring and boring jobs prevent Millennials staying in one position. |
| A．Courageous and noble. | B．Lazy and self-centered. |
| C．Anxious and unconfident. | D．Creative and hard-working. |
| A．Negative. | B．Doubtful. | C．Positive. | D．Concerned. |
Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play
When 6yearold Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning, her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie. “Though they were only separated by a weekend, the girls ran right into each other’s arms and hugged,” recalls Rachel’s mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert. “It was like a scene from a movie.”
Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child. Experts agree that friendship is not simply child’s play, but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.
A Skill for Life
“Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood,” says Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia, psychologist with the Center for Children’s Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.
Researcher William Hartup states, “Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior, but rather, how well a child gets along with other children.
The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids while the lack of friends is detrimental.
Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen
Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish highquality friendships. But, researchers warn, these friendships don’t necessarily just happen. Often, a good friendship begins with involved parents.
Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.
Bad Company
Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child’s friendships. “When she was in 1st grade, her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her,” says Mindy Miller. “My daughter wasn’t allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class. It really crushed her spirit. I told my daughter she didn’t need a ‘friend’ like that.”
“I’ll bend over backwards(拼命) to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him,” AdlerTapia says. “I don’t look at it as manipulation (操纵)，just positive parental involvement.”
1. The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to indicate that ________.
| A．childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth |
| B．a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems |
| C．it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life |
| D．Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend |
| A．aggressive | B．disappointing | C．ridiculous | D．harmful |
| A．social skills and good study habits |
| B．school grades and classroom behaviors |
| C．academic success and social adaptation |
| D．positive parental involvement and social skills |
| A．parents should regard making friends as something that just happens |
| B．it’s wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships |
| C．parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations |
| D．parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can |
【推荐2】Twelve-year-old Catherine has a lot of friends—632, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them.
But is it possible that Catherine’s online friendships could be making her lonely? That’s what some experts believe. Connecting online is a great way to stay in touch, they say. However, some experts worry that many kids are so busy connecting online that they might be missing out on true friendships.
Could this be true? During your parents’ childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble around a table, not words with friends on their phones. When friends missed each other, they picked up the telephone. Friends might even write letters to each other.
Today, most communication takes place online. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a month and spends more than 44 hours per week in front of a screen. Much of this time is spent on social media platform.
In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger. “There’s definitely a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other,” says Katie Davis, co-author of The App Generation.
Other experts, however, warn that too much online communication can get in the way of forming deep friendships. “If we are constantly checking in with our virtual world, we will have little time for our real-world friendships,” says Larry Rosen, a professor at California State University. Rosen also worries that today’s kids might mistake the “friends” on the social media for true friends in life. However, in tough times, you don’t need anyone to like your picture or share your blogs. You need someone who will keep your secrets and hold your hand. You would like to talk face to face.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To tell about true friends. | B．To set off a discussion. |
| C．To encourage online friendships. | D．To summarize the text. |
| A．In any case. | B．In full measure. | C．In person. | D．In advance. |
| A．Unconcerned. | B．Positive. | C．Worried. | D．Confused. |
| A．Teenagers need to focus on real-world friendships. | B．It’s easier to develop friendships in real life. |
| C．It’s wise to turn to friends online. | D．Social media help people stay closely connected. |
【推荐3】My father was the gentlest, most loving and caring dad in the world----until we had an argument. During those moments, my words surely never reached his “open mind” because his ears were closed. There was no point trying to argue with my dad. He always had the last word. I could never win.
When my father refused to understand that I needed the privacy of a phone in my room, my frustration turned to tears. He ended our “discussion”, leaving me silently defeated and miserable. So when he refused to change his idea about letting me go on my class trip to Montreal, I could do nothing but race from his room in despair.
With the hope that his eyes would be more open than his ears, I began to write a note that began with “Dear Daddy” and ended with how much I respected his opinion, how much I hated to fight with him and how much I valued our relationship and, above all, how much I loved him. I folded my note into an envelope, slid it under the door of his bedroom and raced back to my own room. It was only minutes before I heard a knock at my door. When I saw the look on my father’s face, I knew that my note had melted his temper and touched his heart.
The victory of winning my dad’s permission to go to Montreal was sweet. But even sweeter was the discovery of a strategy that enabled me to have an argument with my dad that didn’t end in tears, but instead with a hug. My “Dear Daddy” notes became a follow-up to many of our arguments.
Years later, one of my favorite stories was the “Dear Daddy” notes. It always made me smile to remember some of our most passionate arguments and how my dad would become so pig-headed, until he read my notes.
1. What did the author think about her father during an argument?
| A．Gentle | B．Stubborn |
| C．Aggressive | D．Open-minded |
| A．avoid meeting her father suddenly | B．stop the argument in a funny way |
| C．deliver her message more quickly | D．persuade her father into supporting her |
| A．last word | B．generous love |
| C．bad temper | D．pig-headed decision |
【推荐1】Teaching the next generation is an effective way to transform the future. A nonprofit group in Israel has taken this to heart by greening schools with soilless farming. The group is called Startup Roots, which is teaching students about hydroponics（水塔）,and as a result, they are learning nutrition and science.
“Many children think that vegetables come from the grocery store. They have no concept of the chain behind it. So we try to connect kids with the source of their food,”said Robin Katz，founder of this organization. Katz started it in 2014, realizing that many children have access to fresh, healthy and affordable produce. She was drawn to hydroponics because this system uses 90 percent less water and grows more plants per meter than traditional farming.
Their first project created a soilless farm using just 100 square meters of a school. They started out by growing 14 plants per meter. The students were excited to pick vegetables in just 30 days and were soon able to produce 1500 vegetables per month!
Working with science teachers,the organization guides students to learn science and nutrition. In addition,it has brought in dieticians(营养学家) to teach the effect that food choices have on health. Startup Roots has improved their methods by installing vertical(垂直的) farming systems that can sit in hallways when schools are tight on space,Since the first school installation,their yield has improved greatly,resulting in the production of 120 plants per meter.
In order to educate the general population,the organization is also working to create an interactive(交互式的) urban agriculture exhibit. More youths are eagerly researching plant seeds and growing plants.
“There is no greater pleasure than to watch students grow by growing,”said Katz. Aside from producing organic vegetables in schools,the organization is planting roots in this young generation,encouraging them to lead healthier and more environmentally-friendly lives.
1. What does Startup Roots do to change the future?| A．Ask students to change their attitude. | B．Change the surroundings of a school. |
| C．Connect students with new food. | D．Teach students a farming system. |
| A．It thought students about nutrition. | B．It saved water and had a higher output. |
| C．It was easy to produce good vegetables. | D．It caused no damage to the environment. |
| A．It produced 120 plants per meter. | B．It relied on vertical farming systems. |
| C．It collected vegetables in a month. | D．It was guided by science teachers. |
| A．Booking the urban agriculture. | B．Inspiring youths to live a healthier life. |
| C．Teaching young generations to grow crops. | D．Forcing youths to pay more attention to environment. |
【推荐2】In the villages of the English countryside, there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about.
Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the world’s biggest community. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors.
SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made program publicly available, among much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to steal in.
But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder.
So is the Net becoming more secure? Far from it. In the early days, when you visited a Website, your browser simply looked at the content. Now the web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wished, do all kinds of nasty things to your computer.
But let’s look on the bright side. Given the lack of locks, the Internet is surely the world’s biggest (almost) crime-free society. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest. Or that there currently isn’t much to steal. Or because vandalism (蓄意破坏) isn’t much fun unless you have a special dislike for someone.
Whatever the reason, let’s enjoy it while we can. But expect it all to change, and security to become the number one issue, when the most influential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for.
1. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Many Internet sites are not well protected. |
| B．Those happy times appear still to be with us. |
| C．There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about. |
| D．Hackers don’t actually break into an Internet site. |
| A．To prevent hackers breaking into websites. |
| B．To investigate the security of Internet sites. |
| C．To improve the security of the Internet system. |
| D．To download useful programs and information. |
| A．Favorable | B．Indifferent | C．Cautious | D．Doubtful |
| A．To promote and sell the SATAN program. |
| B．To advocate people fleeing from the Internet. |
| C．To make netizens aware of the security of the Internet. |
| D．To inform netizens that the Internet is safe with SATAN. |
【推荐3】About 60,000 Pacific Islanders worked as indentured labourers (签订契约的劳工）on Queensland’s sugar cane（甘蔗）fields between 1863 and 1903.They were mainly males, aged 9 to 30, transported to Australia by ship.Some came freely, wanting the new life promised to them, some were tricked, and some were kidnapped（绑架）.
The practice of kidnapping people for labour was called “blackbirding”.“Blackbird” was a term used instead of slave, because slavery was actually illegal.Britain had passed the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833 and as a British colony (殖民地）,Queensland had to follow the Act It is said that a third of Pacific Islanders who worked as indentured labourers were either kidnapped or tricked into coming to Australia.Indentured labour was really just another name for slavery.
Indentured labourers had to work for a required period of time,usually three years,to pay back their passage to Australia and then they could earn money as free labourers.It was hard, dirty work in the Queensland countryside.Most indentured labourers were badly treated, many returning to their homelands as soon as their indentured period was finished.A small number married into local communities and stayed.Free labourers were also badly treated on the cane fields, working for low pay and living in very poor conditions.
Then the Australian Government’s White Australia Policy forced Pacific Islanders to leave Australia.Even people who were born in Australia to Pacific Islander parents were driven out of the country due to their colour.If they didn’t leave voluntarily, they were rounded up and driven away forcibly between 1906 and 1908.This practice destroyed many families.Some of the people had lived in Australia most, if not all, of their lives.Only a few who had married Australians were allowed to stay.A few managed to hide and avoid being driven away.
1. What happened from 1863 to 1903?| A．Australians had a new life. |
| B．Many Australians were kidnapped. |
| C．Australia was in want of labourers. |
| D．Australia’s sugar industry began to slow down. |
| A．It was lawful before 1863. | B．It came to an end in 1833. |
| C．It was introduced by the British. | D．It replaced the word “blackbirding” . |
| A．To escape mistreatment. | B．To get a better-paid job. |
| C．To avoid being kidnapped. | D．To be involved in local communities. |
| A．Slaves for sugar | B．Laws in Australia |
| C．Pacific Islanders’ new home | D．Sugar cane industry's development |
【推荐1】When one California construction worker, Colin Blevin arrived at work at around 7 a.m. on Monday morning, he noticed a car was blocking the entrance-way to the construction site. While asking the driver to move, Colin spotted a baby in a car seat. “He moved the car and I pulled in,” Blevin said. “The back door was cracked open and I saw a baby.”
Blevin had no idea that earlier that morning, a car with a 1-year-old had been stolen about 90 miles away while the baby’s father ran inside to order his lunch. “I didn’t know what was going on. I didn’t know initially the baby was in danger and there was an AMBER Alert(警报),” Blevin said.
Even though everything appeared pretty normal, Blevin’s instincts told him something was wrong. After parking his car, a local woman walked over and confirmed his suspicions. The lady told him quietly, “Help me save this baby.” She said, “You have to save this baby. The guy tried to give it to me.” He looked into the car and there was a beautiful chunky baby looking at him. The baby was calm, clean, with a bottle on his chest.
Blevin met the man, 44-year-old Raymond Randy Gutierrez, and asked whose baby was in the car. “He said a lady gave him the car and left the baby in the car,” Blevin said. “And right away I thought that makes no sense. The baby was well taken care of and this guy was dirty, skinny and nervous.” Blevin grabbed the baby from the car and Gutierrez ran away when he called 911. Police caught Gutierrez later that day and were able to reunite the baby with his parents.
1. How did Gutierrez get the car?| A．A father left it to him. | B．He stole it. |
| C．A lady gave it to him. | D．He bought it. |
| A．companion | B．natural ability |
| C．colleague | D．text message |
| A．To sell it to a father. | B．To take care of it himself. |
| C．To abandon it in the car. | D．To leave it to others. |
| A．The expression of the man. |
| B．The appearance of the baby and the man. |
| C．The time when he found the baby. |
| D．The place where the car parked. |
【推荐2】The rapid growth in skyscrapers worldwide has led to a high demand for window washers since most of these buildings feature large glass panes (窗格) to highlight their breathtaking views.
Though the job offers a handsome salary, dangling alongside multi-story structures is dangerous, and accidents are not uncommon. However, if Israel-based company Skyline Technologieshas its way, the dangerous chore may soon be taken care of by Ozmo, an intelligent window cleaning robot.
"As a society, we've become too comfortable watching people hanging off the sides of 30-story buildings," says Yaron Schwarez, co-founder and CEO of Skyline Robotics. "No salary could justify allowing people to put their lives in the hands of a system of ropes."
Much like humans, Ozmo is placed on platforms suspended from the buildings and uses its arms and brushes to clean the dirt on the glass panes. A 3D map of the building's surface programmed into its system allows the robot to skillfully handle obstacles as it moves up and down the structure. Computer vision and touch sensors enable it to move out of the way in case of unexpected events, such as the sudden opening of a window.
Unlike current window washers, the robot cleaner does not require soap to clean the glass. Instead, it uses distilled water (蒸馏水) and a process called dirt absorption to do the job. Schwarez explains, "We use pure water to absorb and remove the salts, the minerals, the oils, and the dirt from the building. We are environmentally-friendly."
Ozmo is also expected to be much more efficient than humans. While it currently takes three cleaners 480 hours each to clean the windows of a 40-story glass building, the robot will single-handedly complete the task in just 80 hours. However, unlike other robots, Ozmo will not replace human workers. It will only make their jobs safer by lifting them to the role of supervisors, who will be remotely controlling the operation from below.
Whether Ozmo, which is still undergoing testing, does as good a job as human remains to be seen.
1. Which of the following can best replace the phrase "has its way" in paragraph 2?| A．Succeeds. | B．Hesitates. |
| C．Struggles. | D．Exists. |
| A．It requires chemicals to clean. |
| B．It has trouble crossing obstacles. |
| C．It operates with great efficiency. |
| D．It works without human helpers. |
| A．Optimistic. |
| B．Doubtful |
| C．Unconceded. |
| D．Objective. |
| A．Ozmo: a Double-edged Sword. |
| B．Ozmo: a Smart Window Cleaner. |
| C．Window Washing: a Dangerous Job. |
| D．Window Washing: a Blessing in Disguise. |
【推荐3】Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material .But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot—one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼).
Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots”, the study’s authors wrote.
Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren’t especially safe around humans, because they’re made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.
So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They’ve taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.
But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.
“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”
1. What’s the special feature of “Octobot”?| A．It’s very small. | B．It’s made of metal. |
| C．It’s soft. | D．It looks like an octopus. |
| A．They’re hard to control. | B．They can’t behave well all the time. |
| C．They can’t predict conditions. | D．They’re too heavy to move. |
| A．The original robots can work on rough land well. |
| B．The original robots may hurt people. |
| C．It’s tough to invent an absolutely soft robot. |
| D．The soft robots might improve the quality of human life. |
| A．silicone body | B．complex structure |
| C．precise movements | D．flexible power source |
| A．Medical research. | B．Life rescue. |
| C．Machine operation. | D．House cleaning. |
