Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play
When 6yearold Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning, her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie. “Though they were only separated by a weekend, the girls ran right into each other’s arms and hugged,” recalls Rachel’s mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert. “It was like a scene from a movie.”
Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child. Experts agree that friendship is not simply child’s play, but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.
A Skill for Life
“Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood,” says Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia, psychologist with the Center for Children’s Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.
Researcher William Hartup states, “Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior, but rather, how well a child gets along with other children.
The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids while the lack of friends is detrimental.
Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen
Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish highquality friendships. But, researchers warn, these friendships don’t necessarily just happen. Often, a good friendship begins with involved parents.
Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.
Bad Company
Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child’s friendships. “When she was in 1st grade, her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her,” says Mindy Miller. “My daughter wasn’t allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class. It really crushed her spirit. I told my daughter she didn’t need a ‘friend’ like that.”
“I’ll bend over backwards(拼命) to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him,” AdlerTapia says. “I don’t look at it as manipulation (操纵),just positive parental involvement.”
1. The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to indicate that ________.
A.childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth |
B.a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems |
C.it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life |
D.Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend |
A.aggressive | B.disappointing | C.ridiculous | D.harmful |
A.social skills and good study habits |
B.school grades and classroom behaviors |
C.academic success and social adaptation |
D.positive parental involvement and social skills |
A.parents should regard making friends as something that just happens |
B.it’s wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships |
C.parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations |
D.parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Filled with much housework, meals and childcare at home, many people feel that being at work sounds more like having a picnic. Even for those who have a happy family life, they feel actually more stressed at home than at work.
Recently, a study carried out by the researchers at a university in the USA found lower levels of hormone (荷尔蒙) released in response to stress in a majority of subjects when they were at work compared to when they were at home. This was true for both men and women, and parents and people without children.
Both men and women showed less stress at work. But women are more likely to report feeling happier there. Men were more likely to feel happier at home. Experts say there are other reasons why work is less stressful than home for many. “Paid work is more valued in society,” said Sarah Damaske, the lead researcher on the study, “Household work is boring and not particularly rewarding.”
We get better at our job with time and the increased competence means less stress and more rewards. Yet none of us, no matter how long we’ve been doing it, ever truly feels like an expert at parenting or even at marriage.
The support and friendship of co-workers also offer stress relief. At home, meanwhile, stress spreads and increases quickly. “That’s the reason why most housewives wish they were the bread earners,” Dr. Damaske says.
Much of the advice to families and couples includes the warning to “leave work stress at office” and even to change our mind-set from work to home, for example, a walk around the block. The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change.
1. According to Paragraph I, many people feel that being at home ________.A.is like having a picnic |
B.is an ideal way to manage stress |
C.offers greater relaxation than at work |
D.can bring more stress than in the workplace |
A.men feel happier at work than women |
B.parents without children tend to feel happier |
C.household work is not as rewarding as work on a job |
D.both men and women feel happier at home than at work |
A.Recognition of the value of their work. |
B.A good management of their marriage. |
C.Much competition among colleagues. |
D.Forgetting the stress from family life. |
A.Our attitude. | B.Our home life. |
C.Our mind-set. | D.Our working style. |
【推荐2】Family meetings help your relationship with your teenagers
One good way to build cooperation among everyone in a family is to have a regular family meeting. Getting into the habit of family meetings takes time. Making the meetings work takes effort
Meet at a regular time. A regular time might be once a week. Plan to have the meeting last from twenty minutes to an hour.
Make a list of topics. Some people call this list of topics an agenda. Post it on the refrigerator. Then people can add to it during the days before the meeting
Take notes. Write down the agreements and plans made in the meeting. These written notes are the minutes. Take turns doing the job of note-taking
Do what you agree to do. Stick to agreements until the next meeting. If people want to change the agreements, they can do it then. Children, teenagers and parents are expected to do what agree to do,
Take time for fun. Meetings are a good way to solve problems
A.Some people wonder if a family meeting is worth the effort |
B.Here are some ideas to help you. |
C.Find a place to post the notes so that everyone can read them. |
D.This rule applies to parents as well as teens and younger children. |
E.This helps you deal with the things that are important to each person in the family. |
F.But that’s not all they are for. |
G.Take turns being the leader. |
【推荐3】The Jewish(犹太人)family-had-just finished supper and the woman had placed the dishes in the sink.The kitchen was quite damp and even gloomier than in the main room.It was their third apartment since the start of the war,they had abandoned the other two in a hurry.The woman came back into the room and sat down again at the table.The 3-year-old boy sat with his back straight,his eyes fixed on his father,but it was obvious that he was so sleepy that he could barely sit up.
The man was smoking a cigarette.His eyes were blood-shot and he kept blinking in a funny way.This blinking had begun soon after they fled the second apartment.
It was late,past ten o'clock and they could have gone to sleep,but first they had to play the game that they had been playing every day for two weeks.Even though the man tried his best and he moved very quickly,the fault was his and not the child's.The boy was.marvelous.Seeing his father put out his cigarette,he opened his blue eyes even wider.The woman,who didn't actually take part in the game, stroked the boy's hair.
“We'll play the key game just one more time only today.Isn't that right?"she asked her husband.
He didn't answer because he was not sure.They were still two or three minutes off. He arose and walked towards the bathroom door.Then the woman called out softly,“Ding-dong."At the sound of the bell ringing so musically from his mother's lips,the boy jumped up from his chair and ran to the front door,which was separated from the main room by a narrow corridor.
“Who's there?"he asked.
The woman,remaining in her chair,shut her eyes tight as if feeling a sudden, sharp pain.
“I'll open up in a minute,I'm just looking for the keys,"the child called out. Then he ran back to the main room,making a lot of noise with his feet.He ran in circles around the table,pulled out one of the sideboard drawers,and slammed it shut.
“Just a minute,I can't find them,I don't know where Mama put them,"he yelled,then dragged the chair across the room,climbed onto it,and reached up to the top of the shelf.
“I found them!”he shouted triumphantly.Then he got down from the chair, pushed it back to the table,and calmly walked to the door and opened it.
“Shut the door,darling,"the woman said softly."You were perfect.”
The child didn't hear what she said.He stood in the middle of the room,staring at the closed bathroom door.
“Shut the door, the woman repeated in a tired flat voice.Every evening she repeated the same words,and every evening he stared at the closed bathroom door.
At last it opened.The man was pale and his clothes were streaked with lime and dust.He stood there,eyes blinking in that funny way.
“Well?How did it go?"asked the woman.
“I still need more time.He has to look for them longer.I slip in sideways all right,but then...It's so tight in there that when I turn...And he's got to make more noise-he should stamp his feet louder."
The child didn't take his eyes off him.
“Say something to him,"the woman whispered.
"You did a good job,little one,"he said mechanically.
“That's right,”the woman said,“you're really doing a wonderful job,darling. You act just like a grown-up.And you do know that if someone should really ring the doorbell when Mama is at work,everything will depend on you?And what will you say when they ask you about your parents?”
“Mama's at work.”
“And Papa?"He was silent.
“And Papa?"the man screamed in terror.The child turned pale.
“And Papa?”the man repeated more calmly.
“He's dead,”"the child answered and threw himself at his father,who was standing right beside him,but already long dead to the people who would really ring the bell.
1. What does the underlined sentence in Para.5 mean?A.The family needed to practise the game for another 2 or 3 minutes. |
B.There was still 2 or 3 minutes left before someone knocked at the door. |
C.They would become too sleepy to play the game 2 or 3 minutes later. |
D.The father needed 2 or 3 more minutes before the kid opened the door. |
A.Because he needed to drown out the noise caused by his father. |
B.Because he was too little and just couldn't control his footsteps. |
C.Because he was too anxious to find the key to open the door with. |
D.Because he met many barriers on his way to where the key was. |
A.She was angry because her son didn't close the door as he had been told to. |
B.She felt anxious because she knew her husband would be annoyed at the boy again. |
C.She was disappointed because the boy's movement betrayed again where her husband was. |
D.She was impatient because she was asked to repeat these words again and again every evening. |
A.A Scary Night | B.The Key Game |
C.My Father Is Dead | D.An Innocent Boy |
【推荐1】The deepest friendship spans(跨越) time and space.
Honesty is always the best policy. Heather Hopkins credits her long-lasting friendship to her honesty. “Never be scared to tell your best friends how you are really feeling about any situation.
Just keep calling, even if there’s nothing to really say. Nicki Bandklayder’s 20+ year friendships are going strong because she’s always willing to get on the phone. “Pick up the phone! You don’t need a reason to call. This is what keeps some of my 20+ year friendships alive and strong.
Just be a good listener. “My best friend in world is from freshman year in college,” shares Judy Gropen. “She says that it is because I actually listen to her, and I am shocked by how smart and kind she is and different from anyone I know.”
A.Turn technology to your advantage. |
B.Sometimes one party forgets to be present, but that’s OK. |
C.Now we each host a meal at our home throughout the year. |
D.When you start needing a reason to call, you lose daily connection. |
E.The keys to keeping a strong friendship often take a lifetime to learn. |
F.All I need is homemade coffee and a speakerphone and it’s like we are together. |
G.A true friend will always be grateful for honesty, even in the stickiest of situations. |
【推荐2】Becoming a team leader is often someone's first experience of management responsibility. Many team leaders are promoted from within the team because they were good team members.
Making all decisions on your own rather than consulting your staff will often be unpopular especially when it involves major changes to the way they work. Before making any changes, consider how these changes may affect people, ensuring the team understand the results of the changes and don't just arbitrarily introduce them.
Be prepared to listen.
When individuals in the team are not happy,they can sometimes express their dissatisfaction.
Lead by example.
Be prepared to admit mistakes.
Just being the team leader doesn't mean you will stop making mistakes. When it does happen, be ready to admit them. Playing the ‘blame game’ will only mean that any future mistakes are hidden away possibly.
A.Recognize the value of yourselves. |
B.Involve the team in decisions that affect them. |
C.Don't view this as a direct challenge to your authority. |
D.Only an experienced individual can make such decisions. |
E.As a result,far greater problems in the future will probably happen. |
F.One way to show your commitment to the role is to show what you can do. |
G.They face a challenging time especially as they now have to manage their friends. |
【推荐3】How to Make Small Talks to Make You Happier
Small talks are the short conversations we have at parties, while we wait in line at the store, at family events or work. And small talks may make us happier, according to researchers from the University of Essex in Britain! However, some people are not good at small talks.
Have some conversation starters ready.
If you have seen a really good movie or have read a really good book, you can talk about that. You can talk about something that you recently learned.
Ask open-ended questions.
Become a student.
Nobody knows everything.
Like anything, getting good at making small talk takes practice.
A.Practice makes perfect |
B.When someone is answering your questions |
C.Here are four tips to improve your small-talking ability |
D.Often we have to make small talk with family and friends |
E.When you are sharing the same experience with someone |
F.If you make small talk in your native language, you might become happier |
G.Open-ended questions require more thought and more than a simple one-word answer |
【推荐1】Some writers use idioms to “add color” to their writing, while others keep their text as simple as possible. In fact, while idioms may make your work appear confusing, using them correctly can explain the message and attract readers.
Including idioms in your writing is an effective way to make your work more creative. For example, if you are writing a text about money planning, you could say: “You should save your money.” Or, you can use an idiom such as “A penny saved is a penny earned.”
Idioms can also add humor to your writing in places where you may otherwise seem rude. For example, rather than writing about a character who is not smart, you could say “the lights are on, but nobody’s home.” The idiom tends to be softer and somewhat less impolite.
There are a number of idioms that can make a boring text more impressive. Are you trying to show that you agree with someone? Perhaps you could say that you “see eye to eye.” Does this happen very rarely? Maybe it happens “once in a blue moon?”
Keep the list of idioms handy as you write so you can draw from that list and include the sayings in your writing where appropriate. Be careful not to “overdo” it. Too many idioms can be upset. Also, be sure that you know the correct meaning of the idiom before you use it in your writing. Not using it in the right context can confuse readers and cause some of them to lose interest in your work.
It is easier than you think to introduce idioms into your writing. Once you get familiar with a list of common idioms, you’ll discover that getting them on paper is “a piece of cake”.
1. Why do some writers use idioms in their writing?A.Idioms can make their work formal. | B.Writers want to use various writing ways. |
C.Idioms can make their work attractive. | D.Writings can read easier. |
A.Practice makes perfect. | B.Great minds think alike. |
C.Well begun is half done. | D.Learn to walk before you run. |
A.Factual. | B.Suitable. | C.Difficult. | D.Comfortable. |
A.To explain idioms’ meanings in writing. | B.To encourage proper idioms in writing. |
C.To introduce more idioms to readers. | D.To solve problems about idiom use. |
Self-esteem is our sense of how good we feel about ourselves. It is based on our judgment of ourselves, not on other people's assessment, but simply on our own. Our self-esteem is not dependent on our talent. Some very ordinary people feel very good about themselves, while other extraordinarily high achievers hold low opinions of themselves.
Self-esteem is the primary key to long-term stress management. Why? The first three sources of stress are: predictable life event, unexpected changes and build-up of daily stresses. These are much easier to handle when we believe in ourselves. A positive, healthy self-esteem gives us the “hardiness” (强健) to deal with the difficulties of life, and to see them as challenges to be met, rather than threats to be feared.
The fourth category of stress is entirely the result of a low self-esteem. It is the category of stress that is most common and tiring over the long run. This kind of stress cannot be overcome, or even changed, until the self-esteem problems that cause it are corrected.
Learning to love yourself for who you are is the key to overcoming stress. Self-esteem comes from the self, and cannot be promoted by others. A person who feels that his self-esteem comes from the approval of those around him or her is bound to self-destruct (自毁). One cannot keep the level of “performance” required to please everyone else, especially if that performance disagrees with who you are and is simply a
Only those who can feel the strength of knowing who they are and those who can feel good about that will survive the stresses of life. Self-esteem is the basis of contentment and positive living.
1. What is the key to overcoming stress according to the passage?
A.Removing yourself from stressful situation. |
B.Learning to love yourself for who you are. |
C.Facing the stress and dealing with it. |
D.Getting help from friends. |
A.A false appearance. | B.A big worry. |
C.A wrong action. | D.A strange feeling. |
A.tell people how to overcome stress |
B.help people form good relationship with others |
C.show the importance of feeling good about yourself |
D.provide the different methods to get a clear view of yourself |
【推荐3】Facebook's recent acknowledgment that social media may be making its users feel bad in some cases is a significant milestone. So far, the technology industry hardly has talked about the downsides of their products.
Academic research in a Facebook blog post in December documented that when people spend a lot of time passively consuming information, they feel worse. For example, clicking or liking too many links and posts can have a negative effect on mental health. Some researchers also believe that reading rosy stones about others leads to negative comparisons about one's life and that being online too much reduces in-person socializing. Social media may well be making many of us unhappy, jealous and anti-social. Although Facebook said that, as a result of the assessments, it would make some changes to its platform. It also highlighted some of the benefits of using the social network. It explained that “sharing messages, posts and comments with close friends and recalling about past interactions” can make people feel better. “The research and other academic literature suggest that it’s how you use social media that matters when it comes to your well-being,” Facebook said.
But that approach doesn’t seem to be an effective solution for those who can’t pull themselves away from such platforms. The Pew Research Center estimates that 24 percent of teens go online “almost constantly”. It is becoming a matter of addiction.
We need to be aware of what we are up against. Remember when we would just pick up the phone and call someone rather than email them and create greater misunderstandings. This may be an old-fashioned choice, but the right one. And maybe we should just turn away from our screens sometimes and meet our friends and family in person.
1. Why is Facebook’s acknowledgement considered as a milestone?A.The acknowledgement has drawn a wide public attention. |
B.Facebook has come to admit their products' negative effects. |
C.The technology industry has made progress in mass production. |
D.The technology industry have never brought bad feelings to users. |
A.Socializing in person. |
B.Reading others’ rosy stories. |
C.Liking your friends’ links and posts. |
D.Sharing messages with close friends. |
A.Subjective. |
B.Approval. |
C.Acceptable. |
D.Unsatisfied. |
A.How to Use Social Media |
B.Acknowledgement from Facebook |
C.Off Screens Whether Change Or Not |
D.Gap Between Real Life and Network. Life |