In the villages of the English countryside, there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about.
Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the world’s biggest community. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors.
SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made program publicly available, among much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to steal in.
But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder.
So is the Net becoming more secure? Far from it. In the early days, when you visited a Website, your browser simply looked at the content. Now the web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wished, do all kinds of nasty things to your computer.
But let’s look on the bright side. Given the lack of locks, the Internet is surely the world’s biggest (almost) crime-free society. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest. Or that there currently isn’t much to steal. Or because vandalism (蓄意破坏) isn’t much fun unless you have a special dislike for someone.
Whatever the reason, let’s enjoy it while we can. But expect it all to change, and security to become the number one issue, when the most influential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for.
1. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Many Internet sites are not well protected. |
| B．Those happy times appear still to be with us. |
| C．There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about. |
| D．Hackers don’t actually break into an Internet site. |
| A．To prevent hackers breaking into websites. |
| B．To investigate the security of Internet sites. |
| C．To improve the security of the Internet system. |
| D．To download useful programs and information. |
| A．Favorable | B．Indifferent | C．Cautious | D．Doubtful |
| A．To promote and sell the SATAN program. |
| B．To advocate people fleeing from the Internet. |
| C．To make netizens aware of the security of the Internet. |
| D．To inform netizens that the Internet is safe with SATAN. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】A digital footprint is a record of a person’s online activity, and it’s becoming more common for companies to perform social media checks before hiring people, Business News Daily reported.
When posting on social media platforms, some students don’t think enough about how it could affect them in the future. Sometimes students post reckless (鲁莽的) content to their social media profiles without considering the potential consequences: They could be creating a damaging digital footprint that may prevent them from getting hired.
Before determining who to hire, 70 percent of companies screen potential applicants and look at their social media, with 18 percent of employees losing their job due to their social media posts, according to a September 2022 study by CareerBuilder, a company that helps employers hire in the United States. “Sometimes some people’s social media tell a lot more about somebody than an interview,” said Rithika Mothukuri, a senior media studies and production major.
A 17-year-old lost out on a job opportunity after the company performed a background check and saw her videos on TikTok, Buzzfeed reported. Many of the videos shared overly personal stories, which was enough to cost her a job.
Therefore, students should ensure a search for their name doesn’t surface inappropriate content because even one unprofessional post could potentially ruin job opportunities. They should perform a digital declutter if there is such content though it may be very challenging to do that. So the most important is to refrain (避免) from posting content that contributes to a negative image in the first place.
“I never had anything controversial or something that could get me fired from a workplace or school or something, but there are many cases of that happening and we should be learning from their mistakes,” said Kieran Mc Carney, a junior social work major.
While having a clean digital is important, it’s also important that students avoid doing anything that can be considered inappropriate in their real life. In this way, even others cannot post inappropriate images or videos of them on social media.
1. What problem is discussed in the second paragraph?| A．Students have too many reckless behaviors in life. |
| B．Social media platforms could harm students’ future |
| C．Too much inappropriate content is present on social media. |
| D．What students post online may damage their images. |
| A．To recommend a way of understanding people. |
| B．To show interviews have become less important. |
| C．To show most companies consider social media content. |
| D．To prove companies are cautious when hiring people. |
| A．Clear-up. | B．Add-up. | C．Check-in. | D．Take-over. |
| A．Content founded on social media platforms is very reliable. |
| B．Students should avoid inappropriate behavior in life. |
| C．Companies shouldn’t care about people’s personal life. |
| D．Students should stop posting anything on social media. |
【推荐2】Traci and Dave Gagnon met in the cloud, so it was only natural that their wedding would be held there as well. The pair—or rather, their digital avatars(替身)——married on Labor Day weekend in a ceremony hosted by Virbela, a firm that creates virtual environments for work, learning, and events.
Ms. Gagnon’s avatar was accompanied by her close friend’s avatar. Mr. Gagnon’s avatar stood there watching as his friend’s avatar walked up to the platform and gave a toast. At the reception,7-year-old twin avatars(the ring bearer and flower girl)danced.
At present, it’s anyone’s guess how the immersive virtual world known as the metaverse(元宇宙), which few of us understand, will change the traditional wedding. However, the prospects of having an event outside of reality’s restrictions are interesting enough for us to think.
Technology has been used in ceremonies more than ever before as a result of COVID-19. There have been Zoom marriages, and some in-person ceremonies now include a broadcast component for those who are unable to attend. Last year, a couple whose wedding was postponed due to COVID-19 held a ceremony within the popular video game Animal Crossing.
It’s worth noting,though,that,like a video game wedding,any weddings that take place only in the metaverse are now illegal.
Experts predict that the metaverse will take these virtual celebrations to new heights, providing couples with nearly limitless choices. “There are no boundaries,” said Sandy Hammer, co-founder of Allseated, a company that develops digital wedding planning tools. Consider guest lists in the tens of thousands. Non-fungible tokens, or NFTs, are used in gift registries. Perhaps even weddings in space as a destination.
“They’re going to take their pals on a space rocket,” Ms. Hammer added, imagining wedding parties digitally travelling around the world. “A bride can send her guests into the metaverse by saying, ‘I want my morning session in Italy, and my evening session in Paris.’”
1. What’s the author’s purpose in describing the ceremony?| A．To make readers better understand the wedding in the cloud. |
| B．To show how exciting the wedding in the cloud was. |
| C．To express his concern over the future of traditional weddings. |
| D．To praise Traci and Dave Gagnon’s daring spirit. |
| A．By providing reasons. | B．By following the time order. |
| C．By making comparisons. | D．By giving examples. |
| A．Uncaring. | B．Opposed. | C．Favorable. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Forms of Modern Marriages | B．The Prospects of the Metaverse |
| C．Getting Married in the Metaverse | D．Holding Events Regardless of Reality |
【推荐3】Good health care depends on access to good information, which our digital devices easily provide. Digital health could be the next big development in how we approach health care.
Digital health might sound like it’s intended to keep your digital devices healthy. Instead, it is a term that describes the system of connected devices that can monitor and report important health information.
To really appreciate digital health’s potential, you need only look at how digital devices have already changed your lives. Take travelling as an example. Before smartphones, online translators, GPS and the internet, travel in unfamiliar areas was difficult. You either had to use a map, find a guide, or constantly asked people to help you get from one place to another. Now, all the information you need can be carried with you in your pocket.
The most useful aspect of digital health is the ability to constantly and accurately monitor vital information. The information is then accessible through the internet, so your doctor has a wealth of data about your daily health. Your doctor can then use that information to make changes to your treatment at any time!
No one would suggest that you should stop seeing your doctor altogether. However, the ability for you and your doctor to constantly monitor your health is a big benefit, it makes it possible to have useful consultations with your doctor online. And reducing the number of office visits could make the entire process more efficient.
Advances in digital health, however, also bring some significant privacy concerns, information regarding your health is particularly sensitive. Patient data could be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, safeguarding your information from unauthorized(未经授权的)access might be difficult. But if managed properly, the benefits of digital health could certainly outweigh the risks.
1. Why is travelling mentioned in the third paragraph?| A．To show us the importance of digital health. |
| B．To persuade us of the prospects of digital health. |
| C．To help us understand the term digital health better. |
| D．To explain to us the development of digital devices. |
| A．The meaning of digital health. |
| B．The advantages and disadvantages of digital health. |
| C．The reason why you shouldn’t stop seeing your doctor. |
| D．Improved efficiency of consultations with your doctor online. |
| A．The danger that personal health data could be stolen. |
| B．Rising manufacturing costs in the health care industry. |
| C．Worries about the side effect caused by digital devices. |
| D．Government regulations limiting sensitive information online. |
| A．Health conditions that need urgent attention. | B．I he current state of health care training. |
| C．A technological trend in health care. | D．Rising pressure on health care. |
【推荐1】London, New York, Tokyo and Paris these famous cities have a commanding influence on the world economy and are home to millions of people, as well as internationally famous arts, culture and educational institutions. But they are hardly representative of the rest of the world’s cities. While 54% of the global population live in cities, around half of those live in cities that have 500,000 inhabitants or fewer.
These “ordinary” cities can be overlooked by politicians, investors, researchers and big businesses. But they are dynamic places with many layers of social, cultural and economic significance. After experiencing a period of post-industrial decline, many such cities are considering urban regeneration (再生) programmes.
But that doesn't mean they have to follow the same path as other urban areas. In fact, the research into urban development has found that ordinary cities can avoid some of the ill effects of regeneration, by embracing what makes them unique.
At the turn of the century, city leaders became increasingly interested in the idea of the “creative city,” The idea was to encourage a “creative class” of talented workers to make their homes and businesses in cities, by creating urban spaces that are open, inclusive and diverse, as well as attractive and technologically advanced.
“Regeneration” became a buzzword associated with these types of strategies, which seek to repurpose seemingly disused or rundown spaces to support an economy led by creative and technological industries. The apparent success of creative city policies was seen in post-industrial centres such as Detroit, US, following investments in cultural, artistic and musical urban renewal.
Such policies swiftly became the go-to strategy for seemingly “ordinary” post-industrial cities around the world, even resulting in new rankings that pit cities against each other, based on criteria including entrepreneurship (创业精神), urban leadership and “liveability”. Having plenty of former industrial spaces that can be adapted for new uses, and a desire to be noticed on the national or global stage, encourages investment in urban regeneration from both public and private sources.
Yet regeneration programmes inspired by the creative city agenda can cause problems. Property developers (地产开发商) and foreign investors have recognized the economic potential of real estate(房地产) in “creative” cities. This has led to rocketing land costs, and many low-income residents have felt the effects of being displaced from their homes.
Yet as more cities seek to emphasize their cultural assets(资产), city leaders and policy makers must be aware of the negative impacts that can arise if local residents are not central to the decision-making process. This emphasizes the need to consider local contexts and communities before operating copycat creative policies.
1. Some famous cities can’t represent the rest of the world's cities in that____________.| A．they are always ignored by politicians, researchers and businessmen |
| B．they accommodate millions of people but don't contribute to the world economy. |
| C．about a quarter of global population live in middle-sized and small cities. |
| D．not all famous arts, culture and educational organizations are distributed there. |
| A．Using culture and art as a driving force. |
| B．Forcing low-income residents to move. |
| C．Following the same path as some big cities. |
| D．Encouraging industrial investment continuously. |
| A．Cities should copy regeneration programmes. |
| B．Cities should compete with each other based on some criteria. |
| C．Cities should seek financial support from sources around the world. |
| D．Cities should consider regional factors before using creative policies. |
| A．Ordinary cities successfully avoid ill-effects of development. |
| B．Ordinary cities don' t have to copy trends to regenerate. |
| C．Ordinary cities are trying to recover from post-industrial decline. |
| D．Ordinary cities are dynamic places with social importance. |
【推荐2】There are many people you are well advised to treat kindly: Your child’s teacher, your husband or wife, your boss and so on.
Dangerously wrong.
A recent New York Times story told the instructive tale of a Uber passenger, Hussein Kanji, who says he’s really not sure how he made his driver angry. All he knows is that his driver-generated rating went way down and the wait for a Uber car became hours instead of minutes.
Beware, Uberians: If you’re feeling angry when you slide into the back seat and you give your driver the silent treatment, your reputation may get damaged in the driver-generated ratings.
Uber isn’t the only front on this battlefield.
We know that being nice to people all day can be exhausting. We’ve also seen people who shout at those who don’t measure up to their expectations for service.
Uber is reportedly about to come to Chicago.
| A．It is a welcome competitor here because it fits the needs of customers in a new way. |
| B．Thus it has become a place where all is for the best. |
| C．If you’re among the people one Uber driver described as “generally negative”, watch out. |
| D．Until now, that best-behavior-required list has not included your Uber driver, or for that matter, taxi drivers. |
| E．The ability to rate someone’s service is one of the successes of the Internet. |
| F．Drivers and passengers are never satisfied with each other. |
【推荐3】When a sharp chest pain woke me up around 3 A.M., I had the obvious question: Was this truly panic-worthy?
I thought about dialing 911, but then I noticed that… well, the pain was on the right side of my chest rather than the left. My breathing wasn’t labored. My heart wasn’t beating fast. So like millions before me, I compared my symptoms with those on the search engine. On top of the screen was an article entitled “16 Causes of Right Side Chest Pain.” Bingo, I thought—except it was an ad. I moved on to the actual search results, which were headlined “17 Causes of Pain in the Right Side of the Chest” and “26 Causes of Chest Pain & Tightness.” When I got to “3 Types of Chest Pain That Won’t Kill You,” I started wondering: What were all these weird articles?
The titles were about making use of search engine’s algorithm (算法) to grab people’s attention at their weak moments. This is called search-engine optimization, or SEO: the art and science of engineering for higher placement in the search results and getting people to click on the links. Unlike a lot of “medical information” online, SEO itself is in fact based on the scientific method called stand-out. We notice things that stand out—like oddly precise numbers.
I still needed information, though, so I clicked on a result from WebMD. I had seen that site before, and it didn’t seem like it contained fake information. I was barely a paragraph or two in when I noticed links about lung cancer symptoms. Huh? Lung cancer often causes no pain until its later stages. Then I realized that the information about lung cancer was an ad, but the “ad” sign was barely noticeable. During an emergency it is obviously not the best time to scare people into clicking links for unlikely diseases. Indeed, if you clicked on these “lung cancer symptoms,” the browser took you eventually to a site advertising a lung cancer medicine. Ugh.
Having medical information online be financed by advertisers or drug companies — or supplement manufacturers — is certainly not healthy. They often have an incentive (动机) to scare us. It’s a lose-lose situation. Sometimes we do need to be worried and seek medical care. Other times it’s just fearmongering clicks. But who can tell when one is in crisis?
1. When the author searched her symptoms online, she was trying to find out whether _____.| A．she needed to call for an ambulance immediately |
| B．she should visit a medical professional for advice |
| C．there was an effective medicine for her chest pain |
| D．her pain was a sign of some kind of heart problem |
16 Causes of Pain in the Right Side of the Chest that Won’t Kill You
| A．“16.” | B．“Causes of Pain.” |
| C．“Right Side of the Chest.” | D．“Kill You.” |
| A．Its information is too scary and worrying for browsers. |
| B．It is not a specialized website of lung cancer symptoms. |
| C．It is not designed for treating emergency situations. |
| D．It is probably sponsored by medical companies. |
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook because people don’t really know what their personal data is worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules early on you keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook. You could create your own little private network. Last year. The company changed its privacy rules so that many things; your city, your photo, your friends’ names were set, by default (默认)to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
According to Facebook’s vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information. They have a “less satisfying experience.
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them. At the side of the pages totally, who wants to took at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends?
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social networking sites. “I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it’s only the beginning，which is why I’m considering cancelling my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t know. That’s too high a price to pay.
1. What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?
| A．It is a website that sends messages to users who want to get married. |
| B．It earns money by putting on advertisements. |
| C．It makes money by selling its users’ personal data. |
| D．It provides loads of information to its users. |
| A．They are unwilling to give up their personal information. |
| B．They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook. |
| C．They don’t identify themselves when using the website. |
| D．They care very little about their personal information. |
| A．To provide better service to its users. |
| B．To obey the Federal guidelines. |
| C．To improve its users’ connection |
| D．To expand its business. |
| A．He is dissatisfied with its present service. |
| B．He finds many of its users untrustworthy. |
| C．He doesn’t want his personal data badly used. |
| D．He is upset by its frequent rule changes. |
【推荐2】You are what you eat. And what you eat is a reflection of who you are. But for many people who need guidance on eating, finding an expert with a common background can be a challenge. Most dietitians (营养学家) —81% of them are white and nearly 94% are women.
That lack of diversity is a problem. “Food is very much part of culture, and you can’t really take the culture out of food,” said Belleny Lewis, co-founder of the non-profit group Diversify Dietetics.
Karen Lau is a registered dietitian in England. Most of her patients come from a Chinese background. Many arrive from other clinics with a common complaint: They don’t understand the food that I’m eating.
For example, rice. Lau says people are often advised to avoid it because regular consumption of rice may increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes. “But that’s a big thing in our culture,” said Lau. So the idea of giving it up sounds silly. But Lau’s shared background helps her say, “Hey, we can work around it.” Instead of advising someone to abandon rice, she might suggest using whole-grain rice, trying smaller portions, or balancing it with vegetables and proteins.
To help solve the problem, health care professionals can practise “cultural humility(谦逊)” “If you don’t know the food, let people describe it to you,” said Belleny Lewis. Humility means that instead of rejecting such food out of hand, a dietitian could say, “Tell me about that,” and then find ways to make it part of a healthy diet.
“You can have all the best knowledge. You can know everything about everything. But if you don’t know how to relate to that person, whoever you’re speaking to on a deep level, it’s going to be hard to communicate these ideas,” she said. “Especially if you’re addressing issues of change, especially changing diet, which is so personal.”
1. What problem does the author point out in the beginning?| A．It is difficult for many people to lose weight. | B．Dietitians often fail to express their ideas. |
| C．Dietitians are not available in every culture. | D．There is a lack of diversity in our food. |
| A．Their being badly treated by doctors. | B．Their bad experiences of changing diets. |
| C．Their failure to get used to foreign food. | D．The difficulty in making their food understood. |
| A．Laughable. | B．Reasonable. | C．Unwise. | D．Possible. |
| A．Offer healthy diets to people. | B．Describe a healthy diet in detail. |
| C．Respect other people’s food culture. | D．Avoid arguing about food choices. |
【推荐3】From app-connected salt shakers to voice-controlled microwaves, it seems no part of the kitchen has avoided being given a high-tech makeover (改头换面). Now, as part of a Microsoft-funded project, researchers in the US and China have developed a smart tablecloth.
The “Capacitivo” works by inserting an electrode grid (电极网格) into the fabric (纤维) that can identify the shape and composition of a given object. The fabric system recognizes objects based on shifts in the electrical charge (电荷) of its electrodes caused by changes in an object’s electrical field. The difference in charge can relate to the type of material, size of the object and shape of the contact area. “It uses the basic principle of a touch screen that detects your finger,” explained Microsoft researcher Teddy Seyed.
The tablecloth can determine what object is on the fabric. For instance, it would be able to identify if you have placed a potato on a table. It could then pass that information to a connected app. which would analyze its database to show recipes that use these ingredients.
Microsoft said the fabric, created with the help of Dartmouth College and Wuhan University, could also sense if an object, such as a set of keys, has been misplaced on a table. “Besides, our system can sense the change of what is inside a container.” Teddy added. For example, a tablecloth can detect whether the soil of a table plant is wet or dry, enabling the system to remind the user to water the plant.
“This is a very impressive development," said Monica Craciun, a professor in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at the University of Exeter. “Other fabrics already available need input which is carried out by the user performing an action, such as touching the fabric.”
However, the technology still needs improving. It can’t recognize metallic objects, performs poorly on objects with square edges, such as books, and has trouble identifying the difference between different types of liquid. Microsoft said it could be five to ten years before the tablecloth is available for the market.
1. What makes the invention of the smart tablecloth possible?| A．Composition varies from object to object. |
| B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. |
| C．Electrodes can pass information to each other. |
| D．Different objects cause different changes in the electrical charge. |
| A．Connect to other smart products in the kitchen. |
| B．Suggest meals based on the ingredients on it. |
| C．Distinguish between different types of liquid. |
| D．Detect nutrients in the soil of a table plant. |
| A．It can recognize a wider range of objects. | B．It can identify objects more accurately. |
| C．It doesn’t require actions from users. | D．It won’t be damaged after washing. |
| A．The limitations of the smart tablecloth. | B．The classification of the smart tablecloth. |
| C．The characteristics of the smart tablecloth. | D．The trend of marketing the smart tablecloth. |
