Mario Cohn-Haft remembers the sinking feeling he had when he realised the parrot he had come to see would probably not appear before him again. He had taken a bird-watching tour to the area where the very last wild Spix’s macaw(金刚鹦鹉), a blue parrot native to Brazil, was known to show itself. But that tour was the first he had led that couldn’t spot it. “I was one of the first people to experience it being extinct in the wild,” says Cohn-Haft, an ornithologist (鸟类学家). That was 20 years ago. No wild Spix’s macaws have been seen since.
But today there is hope. Spix’s macaws still exist. A small number of breeding pairs are currently living in captivity ( 圈 养 ). Conservationists are in the middle of a project to raise healthy birds and prepare them for release into the wild. The Association for the Conservation of Threatened Parrots (ACTP) is leading current efforts.
Cromwell Purchase, a director at the ACTP, explains that the group plans to send 50 Spix’s macaws to rehabilitation facilities in Brazil, which are currently under construction. If all goes well, the birds will be shipped from Germany soon. The conservation team will first practice a technique for releasing the birds on a small flock of Illiger’s macaws. Then, in 2021, the Spix’s will be released with a small group of the Illiger’s, which will hopefully help them to adapt to the forest of Caatinga.
The real test will be whether the birds take to their native surroundings and whether they successfully breed and raise chicks in the wild. But Brazil wants the plan to work. “We know how to reintroduce parrots. There are now many publications and case studies that show we can get birds out into the wild and have them survive,” says Don Brightsmith, an expert in parrots. Brightsmith notes one important point — the birds must be shown how to raise chicks independently. Otherwise, any reintroduced population will quickly collapse.
Happily, Purchase says this is something he and his colleagues are working on. Should the birds flourish, the blue flash of a Spix’s wings might one day be seen again by locals and, perhaps, fascinated groups of bird-watchers.
1. What do we know about Cohn-Haft’s bird-watching tour 20 years ago?A.It turned out to be fruitless. |
B.It was his last bird-watching tour. |
C.It inspired him to study the Spix’s macaw. |
D.It allowed him to spot the last wild Spix’s macaw. |
A.Some Spix’s macaws being sent to their natural habitat. |
B.Some Spix’s macaws and Illiger’s macaws being crossbred. |
C.Some new Spix’s macaw rehabilitation facilities being built. |
D.Some breeding Spix’s macaws being imported from Germany. |
A.Cautious. | B.Confused. | C.Confident. | D.Concerned. |
A.Case-studying wild Spix’s macaws. |
B.Enabling Spix’s macaws to fly again. |
C.Increasing the population of Spix’s macaws. |
D.Training adult Spix’s macaws to be qualified parents. |
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【推荐1】Canada has reintroduced some bisons (北美野牛) to the country’s oldest national park in Banff, Alberta, officials said on Monday, more than 130 years after the North American animal last appeared on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies.
The protection team moved a group of 16 bisons into enclosed grassland in Banff National Park in the west of the province last week. The group will stay under observation in the Panther Valley until next summer, when the animals will be released into the full 1,189 sq km reintroduction zone in the park’s eastern valleys.
Parks Canada said bisons were once main grazers (plant-eaters) and that bringing them back would recover their missing role in Banffs ecosystem. “This would be one of only four bison groups in North America that would be fully interacting with their predators (meat-eaters) and shaping the ecosystem as they did over a hundred years ago,” said Karsten Heuer, the bison reintroduction project manager. Those predators will include wolves and bears native to the park.
Ten pregnant female bisons and six young bulls were disease-tested before being driven 400 km across Alberta by truck. Since the Panther Valley is not easy to reach by road, officials attached the containers by a long line to a plane and flew them in one at a time for the last 25 km.
Vast bison groups of up to 30 million animals once lived freely across North America. The animal was nearly hunted to extinction, and park keepers estimate bisons have not grazed in Banff National Park since before it was set up in 1885.
1. Why did the protection team move bisons into enclosed grassland?A.To observe them. | B.To protect them. |
C.To cure diseases. | D.To change their habits. |
A.To reshape Banff’s ecosystem. |
B.To help the bison population expand. |
C.To make the oldest national park worth visiting |
D.To recover their predators’ role in the ecosystem. |
A.Deadly diseases. | B.Cruel hunting. |
C.Natural predators. | D.Worsened ecology. |
A.To show how to protect bisons. |
B.To describe the living condition of bisons. |
C.To explain how to transport bisons to Banff. |
D.To inform readers of bisons returning to Banff. |
【推荐2】Batman may not have any superpowers, but his inspiration certainly does.
More than 1,400 bat species live around the world, except in Antarctica and a few remote islands. Over their 50 million years of evolution, bats have developed clever solutions to life’s challenges, from a built-in sonar (声呐) system for finding food to fast, flexible wings that produce the fastest level-flight speed of any animal on Earth.
“There is still a lot to learn, but it is clear that bats really do have superpowers,” says Rodrigo Medellín, an ecologist. “Bats are showing us how to live a better life, for instance, by serving as models for healthy living and long lives.”
As a general rule in biology, smaller animals have shorter lives than larger ones. But bats are rule breakers: they’re the longest-lived mammals (哺乳动物) relative to their body size. Recently, scientists looked inside bats’ cells for the secrets to their exceptionally long lives. They focused on telomeres (端粒), which are the protective structures found at the ends of chromosomes (染色体). In most animals, telomeres tend to get shorter with age. But the telomeres of the longest-lived group of bats, Myotis, do not appear to shrink (收缩) with age. Understanding why bats live so long may help humans live longer one day.
In addition to living longer, bats remain healthy throughout their lives, with very low risk of developing cancer. Furthermore, bats can carry deadly viruses without getting sick. So further research into their unique immune (免疫的) systems may actually give insight into how people can live with viruses and not get sick.
Beyond their own abilities, bats also support many other parts of their ecosystems. Three out of every four bat species eat insects. Many are pests that cause damage to important agricultural crops, such as cotton. Scientists estimate that insect-eating bats may save U.S. farmers about 1 billion per year. In addition, many bat species help improve plant health and diversity.
“Bats are unsung heroes of biodiversity,” says Medellín. “It’s about time we appreciated them.”
1. What can be learned about bats from the text?A.They fly the fastest of all land animals. |
B.They are at low risk of falling sick with a virus. |
C.They live mainly on the islands of Antarctica. |
D.They are the longest-lived animals given their size. |
A.Animals’ telomeres rarely shrink with age. |
B.Myotis’s telomeres do not shorten as they age. |
C.Smaller animals usually live shorter lives than larger ones. |
D.More research into bat telomeres could help people live more healthily. |
A.To show what bats feed on. |
B.To call on people to protect bats. |
C.To explain how bats benefit the farmers. |
D.To highlight the importance of bats to the ecosystem. |
A.Bats Offer Clues to Treating Diseases |
B.How Bats Deal with Life’s Challenges |
C.Scientists Unlock the Secrets to Long Lives |
D.Why Bats Are Superheroes of the Animal World |
【推荐3】According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them pests(有害动物). Landholding farmers say that the country’s estimated 50 million kangaroos damage their crops and compete with livestock for scarce resources. Australia’s insurance industry says that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000-plus vehicle-animal collisions reported each year. In the country’s underpopulated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have swollen to “plague proportions.”
In the absence of traditional hunters, the thinking goes, killing kangaroos is critical to balancing the ecology and boosting the rural economy. A government-sanctioned(政府认可的) industry, based on the commercial harvest of kangaroo meat and hides, exported $29 million in products in 2017 and supports about 4,000 jobs. Today meat, hides, and leather from kangaroos have been exported to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma, and Adidas buy strong, supple “k-leather” to make athletic gear. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores.
Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat comes from an animal more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-emitting sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food and fibers from animals adapted to Australia’s fragile rangelands is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.”
Opponents(反对者) of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable, and unnecessary. Population estimates are highly debatable, they say, but “plague proportions” are biologically implausible. Little kangaroos grow slowly, and many die, so kangaroo populations can expand by only 10 to 15 percent a year, and then only under the best of circumstances. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.”
Can Australians’ conflicting attitudes toward kangaroos be reconciled(和解)? George Wilson says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers(放牧人)—working independently or through wildlife conservancies—would protect the animals, treating them as possessions. They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunter a fee for access. “If you want to conserve something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered pests don’t have value.”
Privatization could also help reduce grazing pressures. If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, farmers would keep less live-stock, which could be good for the environment. Under this scheme, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation.
1. What can be learnt from the first three paragraphs?A.Kangaroo meat is healthier than other red meat. |
B.Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. |
C.Kangaroos are more friendly to the environment. |
D.Overpopulated kangaroos have become a financial burden. |
A.Unreasonable. | B.Immeasurable. |
C.Unquestionable. | D.Unchangeable. |
A.The popularity of kangaroo hunting. |
B.The reduction in the number of kangaroos. |
C.The establishment of more conservation areas. |
D.The better management of the kangaroo industry. |
A.argue against the killing of kangaroos |
B.stress the importance of protecting kangaroos |
C.present different opinions on the kangaroo industry |
D.provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos |
【推荐1】Mountain regions are not just playgrounds for the richer citizens on the planet, however. The disappearing snows of Mount Kilimanjaro are a worrying sign that nowhere is safe from the adverse effects of human actions. The United Nations has identified three main areas that need to be addressed to ensure the future safety of the world’s mountains. These are: the protection of mountain ecosystems, the encouragement of peace and stability in mountain regions, and assistance for mountain people to maintain their ways of life.
From the busy cities of India to the farmlands of California, more than half the world’s population is dependent on mountains for their fresh water supply. Global warming, deforestation, mining and heavy farming seriously damage breakable mountain ecosystems and put vital fresh water sources at risk.
Mountain regions host a large proportion of the world’s wars. From Afghanistan to the Balkans and the Andes to many parts of Africa, territorial(领土的) and drug related conflicts have damaging effects on the local environment and the lives of the local people. Fighting makes essential tasks such as farming impossible. Land mines make large areas of potential farming ground unusable. Also schools, roads, bridges and other important infrastructure(基础设施) are left in ruins.
Mountain people are among the poorest, least represented groups on the earth. They face many hardships and each day can be, “a test of survival”. Damage to mountain ecosystems worsens their situation and leaves them even more unprotected to disease and ‘natural’ disasters such as floods and landslides. It’s been recommended that forest profit should be reinvested in mountain communities and the people living there should be given a stronger political voice. Their fate is in many ways directly connected with that of people living at sea level.
There is an old motto for visitors to the countryside which advises them to leave nothing but footprints. It is still as relevant today as it always was. Unfortunately, the size of our footprints seems to be getting larger.
1. What the writer discussed in the previous sections is most probably about .A.mountain ecosystems | B.mountain regions |
C.mountain people | D.mountain sports |
A.direct | B.harmful |
C.positive | D.powerful |
A.inadequate supply of fresh water | B.impossible farming |
C.mountain people’s poor living condition | D.ruined infrastructure |
A.Mountain people have enough political voice to protect themselves. |
B.More money should be raised to establish mountain communities. |
C.Worsened ecosystems put mountain people’s lives under threat. |
D.Visitors to mountains have left nothing but large footprints. |
【推荐2】In the 1950s, Liu Wenbin, an official with the Ulansuhai Nur administration, said his father travelled more than 800 kilometers from his famine (饥荒)-stricken hometown in Hebei province and settled near Ulansuhai Nur, a famous lake in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, attracted by the area’s reputation as a land of fish and rice.
He described the lake as a consistent source of joy for him. “After school, I seldom stayed at home. I frequently went to swim in the lake,” he said. For years, the fishing industry was a reliable source of income for Liu’s family. “We always came back from fishing with the boat full of our catch, accompanied by flocks of birds,” he recalled. However, as urbanization and industrialization accelerated around the lake in the 1990s, Liu witnessed the body of water, widely known as the “Pearl beyond the Great Wall”, turn into a black and smelly mass that local people avoided as much as possible.
Now, with a treatment campaign that adheres to the philosophy of “mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes, grassland and deserts are a life community”, the local government has made marked progress in just a few years, making the lake a paradise (天堂) for birds and raising Liu’s hopes of seeing the return of the Ulansuhai Nur of his childhood.
Located in Bayannuur in the west of the region, Ulansuhai Nur is home to the largest wetland in the Yellow River Basin and a rare large grassland lake in the desert and semidesert area. As such, it is a natural environmental screen that controls the sources of sandstorms that affect North China, where Beijing is located. It is also an important place on the world’s eight major bird migration (迁徙) routes, and is one of the world’s few birds’ transit and reproduction grounds in the desert and semidesert areas.
“Thanks to the measures taken by the local governments, hopefully, we could swim in the lake and directly use water from it for drinking and cooking soon,” Liu said.
1. Why did Liu Wenbin’s father settle near Ulansuhai Nur?A.He wanted to swim there. | B.Its water wasn’t polluted. |
C.It was near his hometown. | D.He could support his family. |
A.Joyous. | B.Tough. | C.Sorrowful. | D.Adventurous. |
A.Replaces. | B.Explains. | C.Follows. | D.Proves. |
A.The changes the new policy brings. |
B.The significance of Ulansuhai Nur. |
C.The reasons for developing Ulansuhai Nur. |
D.The ways to protect natural environment. |
【推荐3】The Lifecycle of a T-shirt
We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? You'd probably be surprised to learn what's involved in the lifecycle of just one T-shirt.
There are 5 major stages:material, production, shipping, use and disposal (处理). The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber (纤维) and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4. 1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.
Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc. —these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants, and can eventually pollute groundwater.
After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stag. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are that most of your cotton garments (衣服) are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck, all of which spill CO2 into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO2 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1. 15 pounds per mile.
Once T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you've washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.
The final stage of life is disposal. This release harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.
We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let's all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing. It has a real impact on the planet.
There are a lot of things and you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycled clothes. If they're too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat (恒温器) on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.
1. The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means “___________”.A.uses energy | B.wastes water | C.has a bad effect | D.takes a lot of time |
A.The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages. |
B.Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down. |
C.The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India. |
D.The production process may affect water safety. |
A.To introduce the five stages in the lifecycle of clothing. |
B.To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton. |
C.To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes. |
D.To encourage people to donate clothes to charity. |
【推荐1】Maybe you’re someone who runs 20 to 30 miles a week but regularly gets fast food for dinner. The idea of eating anything you want without consequences might sound like a good dream. But the reality is that exercise cannot completely change the effects of a bad diet, experts say.
“Skinny fat” is the unofficial term used to describe a person who looks slim but has a high percentage of body fat. A regular gym goer could have little subcutaneous fat—the fat right under your skin—but lots of visceral(内脏) fat. A buildup of visceral fat from eating processed food high in sugar and salt could lead to the same type of risks as an overweight person, according to Dr. Colin Carriker, an exercise physiologist from Highpoint University in North Carolina.
If you want to lose weight, the key is to develop a caloric deficit in which you burn calories more than what you’re consuming. But eating high calorie fatty food regularly can make this a hard nut. “You are overconsuming calories and will have to do more exercise than a person can sustain on a long-term basis,” Carriker said.
One idea would be to spend more time exercising or joining in a more intense workout. But this plan doesn’t really work, said Grace Derocha, a registered dietitian, because processed food like so da and candy have few nutrients, and with a lack of vitamins, protein(蛋白质) and fiber to fill you up, it’ll be hard to think about working out when you’re constantly feeling hungry.
Of course, being healthy doesn’t mean you have to give up all the food you enjoy eating. Instead of feeling guilty for ordering dessert, Derocha says you can think of food as more than just calories but as the kind of energy it can provide. If you’ve had enough fiber today, look at where you add in extra protein. “It’s not good or bad food; it’s just fuel,” she said. “When you look at it from an addition standpoint instead of a restriction standpoint, it’s a healthier approach to fueling yourself.”
1. What does Dr. Colin Carriker most probably agree with?A.Gym goers like processed food best. | B.Visceral fat causes less harm to people. |
C.People can look thin but still be unhealthy. | D.People exercising regularly are actually fit. |
A.Disorder. | B.Target. | C.Trend. | D.Challenge. |
A.They have little motivation or drive to exercise. |
B.They are enthusiastic about intense workouts. |
C.They obtain much more energy to burn calories. |
D.They work productively due to being energetic. |
A.Staying away from junk food. | B.Changing your views about food. |
C.Being active to keep energetic. | D.Fueling yourself with strict diets. |
【推荐2】Northern California holds a special place in the hearts of all hikers who have experienced this special portion of the country. Read on to choose your best potential hike.
Lassen Peak Trail
Don’t let the distance fool you. The 5-mile round-trip Lassen Peak Trail in Lassen Volcanic National Park is hot and rocky, not suitable for people in poor health, especially with weak hearts. Hikers will gain a very great height as they reach the top of Lassen Peak. Though Mount Lassen last erupted in the 20th century, the volcano here is still technically active.
Yosemite Falls Trail
The hike along Yosemite Falls Trail offers amazing views of the falls and the surrounding valley. The falls are nothing short of breathtaking as they rise more than 2,000 feet above the valley floor, making it the highest falls in North America. Come here in the spring months to relax and see them.
Stout Memorial Grove (小树林) Trail
This trail is an absolute favorite among photographers thanks to its simple accessibility and the flat grove of well-lit precious redwoods. It also features bright green plants, fallen trunks and plenty of spots to relax among tall old trees. Although this hike is short, it usually doesn’t get too busy. Arrive early to secure a space as parking is limited.
Founders’ Grove Nature Trail
Located in Humboldt Redwoods State Park in Southern Humboldt County, the trail takes visitors to one of the most beloved valuable coastal redwood groves in California. The famed Avenue of Giants cuts through the grove at the center of an easy half-mile-long loop that’s well-marked and well-maintained, perfect for families and hiking beginners.
1. Which trail is the most physically demanding?A.Lassen Peak Trail. | B.Yosemite Falls Trail. |
C.Stout Memorial Grove Trail. | D.Founders’ Grove Nature Trail. |
A.To take photos of plants. | B.To see volcanoes. |
C.To enjoy the high waterfall. | D.To camp in the valley. |
A.Famed avenues. | B.Free parking lots. |
C.The rare tree species. | D.The half-mile-long hiking. |
【推荐3】Happy, angry, amazed — these are some of the emotions we like to express these days when we’re sending a message on our smartphones! That’s why many of us now add little pictures to our texts to brighten up someone’s mobile screen and we’re also using them as a quick way of telling someone how we’re feeling. Yes, emojis have become a vital tool for communication.
Let’s clear one thing up first — there are emojis and emoticons. The latter are little images made using normal keys on a keyboard. For example, a colon, two dots, followed by a closing bracket (括号) is a “smiley face”. But as technology has become more advanced, pre-made images have been created that can be simply added to your messages, which is great!
The emoji was first invented in Japan in the late 1990s and the word “emoji” comes from the Japanese words for “picture” and “character”. The number of different images has dramatically increased since then and now we have a picture for every mood or situation.
So now we have the option to give this new creation the visual “thumbs-up” but have you thought why we’ve become so addicted to using emojis? Professor Vyv Evans has written a book called “The Emoji Code” — he says, “Increasingly, what we’re finding is that digital communication is taking over from certain aspects of face-to-face interaction… one of the reasons emojis are so interesting is that they really do enable us to express our emotional selves much more effectively.” So emojis are a sort of substitute (代替物) for the visual signals or non-verbal cues we normally give when we speak to someone face-to-face.
Another advantage of emojis is that they are an international language — they don’t use words but tell a message in pictorial form so they can be easily interpreted whatever your native language.
1. Why do we use emojis when using smartphones?A.To show our feelings quickly. | B.To show we are online. |
C.To download information. | D.To post something online. |
A.How to create emoticons by using the keyboard. |
B.The concept of emojis. |
C.Difference between emojis and emoticons. |
D.The use of emoticons. |
A.The word “emoji” was first invented in Japan in the 19th century. |
B.The word “emoji” comes from the English words. |
C.Their number is becoming larger and larger. |
D.Not every emotion can be expressed through them. |
【推荐1】Wondering where to send your kids for summer camp his year? The 2021 Guide to Summer Camps in Northeast Ohio is for you!
Creative Arts Summer Camps
Return to creativity! Summer Camps &Class are available in Dance,Visual Arts,Music,
Theater,and Creative Arts Therapies.
Grab a mask and join us at Beck Center's Campus for in-person,socially distanced learning in a safe,clean environment.Artistic experiences are available for a wide range of ages and all abilities.
The Odyssey Program
We offer a variety of summer camps for students aged 13-18.
Live, eat,sleep,dream,and create films with the students and faculty of the School of Film & Media Arts at this three-week summer film camp that teaches storytelling,screenwriting,acting for the camera, directing, lighting, editing and much more in a fun environment.
Camp Your Way- In Person or At Home
Energize your kid's creativity and confidence with our new Camp Invention program,Recharge!
Campers in grades K-6 will work with friends in hands-on, open-ended STEM challenges. They'll take apart a microphone to explore its inner workings, build and test a device to launch rubber ducks!
Click here to request a virtual appointment.
Roosevelt Firebird
At Camp Roosevelt Firebird we create a caring and fun-filled community every summer. We are committed to diversity,inclusion,equity (公平)and opportunities for all kids;and the make-up of our community reflects this. And we see our campers becoming leaders, taking action and making the world a better place.
1. Which of the camps may attract a teenager interested in film-making?A.Creative Arts Summer Camps. | B.The Odyssey Program. |
C.Camp Your Way. | D.Roosevelt Firebird |
A.Working as volunteers. | B.Learning to write creatively. |
C.Doing simple experiments. | D.Interviewing famous artists. |
A.It provides artistic experiences. | B.It offers virtual camp opportunities. |
C.It is available for children of all ages. | D.It encourages kids to become leaders. |
【推荐2】The Spring Festival is the biggest festival for Chinese people all around the world. The celebration usually lasts for 15 days. There is a lot to do.
On the eve of the Spring Festival, family members get together and have big meals. Their favorite dish on this day is dumplings. Days before the Spring Festival, families will clean their homes. People think cleaning sweeps away bad luck. It makes the house ready for good luck.
The color red is everywhere during the Spring Festival. People think red is a happy color and will bring them a bright future. People wear red, too. They decorate their homes with pieces of red paper. Kids get a lot of “hong bao”. It is a red paper bag with money in it. Usually, older people give younger ones hong bao. They think it brings good luck.
The Spring Festival is the time to make everybody happy. So don’t say any bad words or do anything that will bring unhappiness to other people. For instance, you'd better not say any bad words like “death”. Don’t break anything. People think that it means your luck is running out.
Also, don’t borrow or lend money on these days. If you have borrowed money, return it before the Spring Festival.
1. What do most people do on the eve of the Spring Festival?A.Family members gather for a big meal. | B.Friends eat dumplings together. |
C.They borrow money from friends. | D.They give each other “hong bao”. |
A.Returning money before the Spring Festival. |
B.Saying words that have to do with death. |
C.Wearing red clothes. |
D.Decorating houses with red paper. |
A.进来 | B.打碎 | C.耗尽 | D.离开 |
A.a time of harvest and fun | B.celebrated for one whole month |
C.only celebrated in China | D.a time for families to get together |
【推荐3】People do better when more is expected of them. In education circles, this is called the Pygmalion Effect.
The Pygmalion effect got its name from the story of Pygmalion, a mythica(虚构的)Greek sculptor. Pygmalion carved a statue of a woman and then fell in love with it. He appealed to Aphrodite, the goddess of love, who brought the statue to life and helped the couple get married. Just as Pygmalion’s fixation on the statue brought it to life, our focus on a student can do the same in schools. Research by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson examined the influence of teachers’ expectations on students’ performance. They began by testing the IQ of elementary school students. Teachers were told that the IQ test showed around one-fifth of their students to be unusually intelligent. But unknown to the teachers, the “gifted” students were chosen at random. Actually they had no big statistical advantage over the other kids. As the study period ended, all students had their IQs retested. Both groups showed an improvement. Yet those who were described as intelligent experienced much greater gains in their IQ points. Rosenthal and Jacobson owed this result to the Pygmalion effect. Teachers paid more attention to “gifted” students, offering more support and encouragement than they would otherwise.
In general, teachers have the power to influence how the students behave by holding high expectations. If a teacher thinks a student is brilliant, they will treat them as such. The student then gets more opportunities to develop their ability, and their performance improves. This works both ways. When a student expects a teacher to be excellent or successful, they tend to be attentive and supportive. In the process, they improve their performance, too. Students who act interested in lectures create interesting lecturers.
1. Where did the Pygmalion effect get its name from?A.A statue of a lady. | B.The goddess of love. |
C.A character in a literary work. | D.The story made up by Pygmalion. |
A.worship of | B.affection for | C.marriage to | D.sympathy for |
A.To improve the kids’ IQ. | B.To pick out gifted students. |
C.To expand teachers’ influence. | D.To examine the Pygmalion effect. |
A.Support the teacher by treating them as excellent. |
B.Attend interesting lectures given by the teacher. |
C.Work hard to get prepared for opportunities. |
D.Show great interest in lectures on acting. |