Architectural history can take you through the evolution of those structures that served as a mark to remote civilizations, like the Egyptians and their architecture, reflected in pyramids, tombs, and many other ancient buildings along the Nile River．
In fact, the first big architectural design recorded in history was the work of Imhotep, Egyptian high priest（主教）, who designed and built the complex（综合建筑群） that took the name of his king, between the years 2630 to 2611 BC．
Ruins of the most varied architecture speak for themselves about the most varied civilizations, traditions, and beliefs around the world．Without architecture, the history of mankind would be incomplete．
Many surviving buildings of the ancient world are examples of the great things that architecture can do for the world．Among them, we can name the Great Pyramid, listed as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and the great Wall of China, built between the years 221 to 206 BC．
As time passed, all buildings and designs began to take special characteristics, becoming symbols of different eras identified as architectural styles．In ancient Greece, where buildings seemed to always be the same, there were three types of columns to identify each period of time．
The Romans inherited from the Greeks most of their traditions, beliefs, and customs, including architecture, but they also developed their own．
Architectural history was influenced by artistic, economic, politic, and socio-cultural events throughout the centuries, and Europe became the cradle（摇篮） of many well-known architects in the years following the fall of the Roman Empire．
As time passes, the actual architecture differs in shape, materials, construction methods, and designing goals, but the work of the architects will continue for generations to come．
1. Who made the first big architectural design recorded in history?| A．Chinese | B．Indians | C．Egyptians | D．British |
| A．They give tourists chances to visit them． |
| B．They help to satisfy the needs of houses． |
| C．They can bring in a great deal of money for the local people． |
| D．They represent different cultivations, traditions, and beliefs there and then． |
| A．To show its strength | B．To tell us its importance |
| C．To show its special style | D．To prove the function of architecture |
| A．Architectural history was only influenced by economic and politic events． |
| B．The Roman Empire was the cradle of famous architects earlier than Europe． |
| C．The actual architecture remains the same in shape, material and designing goals． |
| D．Europe was the cradle of famous architects earlier than the Roman Empire． |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】From the earliest times,man has been interested in art.People have often worked together to collect and save the world’s art treasures.
Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre(卢浮宫)in Paris,France.The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries.It is the biggest art museum in the world.
The Louvre has not always been a museum.The first building was a fort (堡垒).In 1190,it was the king’s castle with high walls and a round tower.It had a moat(护城河) to keep out the enemies.
Over the years,the number of buildings around the castle grew.By 1350,the castle was no longer needed as a fort.The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens.
During times of peace,new treasures were brought in.During days of war,many treasures were stolen,and the buildings were damaged.
When Francis Ⅰ became king of France in 1515,he brought in many artists from other countries.One of the artists was Leonardo da Vinci from Italy.Da Vinci’s MonaLisa is the best known painting in the museum today.
In 1793,the Louvre became a public museum,just as it is now.It is a place where art treasures are kept for everyone to enjoy.Every year millions of people from all over the world come to the Louvre to see the masterpieces.
1. How long has the Louvre been a public museum?| A．For over 800 years. | B．Since 1350. |
| C．Since 1515. | D．For over 200 years. |
| A．the French people |
| B．Francis Ⅰ |
| C．Leonardo da Vinci |
| D．people of the world |
| A．the Louvre was once a church as well as a palace |
| B．MonaLisa is kept in Italy |
| C．Leonardo da Vinci once stayed in France |
| D．the Louvre is only a place of interest to the French people |
| A．In public museums works of art will not be stolen. |
| B．In public museums works of art will not be damaged. |
| C．In public museums artists can study the works of art. |
| D．In public museums everyone can enjoy the works of art. |
【推荐2】The Union Jack is the national flag of the United Kingdom. It is so called because it combines the emblems (象征) of three countries — England, Scotland and Ireland (although since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom).
The term “Union Jack” possibly dates from Queen Anne's time, but its origin is uncertain. It may come from the “Jacket” of the English or Scottish soldiers; or from the name of James Ⅰ who originated the first union in 1603, in either its Latin or French form “Jacobus” or “Jacques”； or as “jack” once meant small, the name may come from a royal proclamation (声明) issued by Charles Ⅱ that the flag should be flown only by ships of the Royal Navy as a jack, a small flag at the bowsprit (船首).
The Union Jack was originally a royal flag (when the present design was made official in 1801, it was ordered to be flown on all the King's forts and castles, but not elsewhere); today it is flown above Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle when the Queen is not in residence. On news of a royal death, the Union Jack will be flown at half-mast (下半旗).
The flying of the Union Jack on public buildings is decided by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport at the Queen's command. The Union Jack is flown on government buildings on days marking the birthdays of members of the royal family, such as the Queen's official birthday, and on the days of the State Opening and prorogation (休会) of Parliament; it is also flown on St David's Day, St George's Day, St Andrew's Day, and St Patrick's Day.
Although the Union Jack originated as a royal flag, it is now also flown by many people and organizations elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Its use as an emblem has extended beyond the form of a flag and the Union Jack is frequently shown on other objects.
1. The reason why the national flag of the United Kingdom is called the Union Jack is that ________.| A．the flag is made of jacket |
| B．the flag combines the emblems of three countries |
| C．the flag shows the symbol of unity |
| D．the flag originated from the existence of the United Kingdom |
| A．the origin of the national flag |
| B．the history of the national flag |
| C．the reason why the Union Jack has become the national flag |
| D．the way how the Union Jack has become the national flag |
| A．The Union Jack Everywhere |
| B．The Union Jack at Anytime |
| C．National Flag, the Union Jack |
| D．The History of the Union Jack |
【推荐3】Levi Strauss did not invent jeans, but he is considered the first person to make and sell great numbers of them. He was born in Bavaria, an area that is part of Germany. In 1847 he and his family moved to the United States.
Levi Strauss opened a small dry goods store, first in New York, then in San Francisco, California. Among the products he sold were jeans. These pants were especially useful for miners in California. They needed clothing made from a strong material. Jeans are usually made from a heavy cotton cloth called denim.
Levi Strauss partnered with a clothing maker named Jacob Davis. Davis had invented a process for making rivets (铆钉) for jeans. These little metal connectors helped hold the pieces of cloth together to make the jeans stronger.
In 1875, the government gave Strauss and Davis a patent (专利) for their invention. That meant no one else could legally copy it without their permission. In 1928 the Levi Strauss company registered (注册) the word “Levi’s” as a trademark for their product.
The Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History in Washington has one of the oldest known pairs of Levi’s. Writer James Sullivan published a book called “Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon.” In the book, he says jeans show two American values, creativity and rebellion.
Cowboys wore jeans in the old Wild West. In the 1950s, people saw famous Hollywood actors like James Dean and Marlon Brando wearing jeans in movies.
Today jeans come in blue but also lots of other colors and in many styles and at all prices.
1. Which of the following about Levi Strauss is TRUE?| A．He invented jeans. | B．He was born in the west of America. |
| C．He used to run a dry goods store in New York. | D．He started the Levi Strauss company by himself. |
| A．hang little things. | B．make the clothes stronger. |
| C．decorate the clothes. | D．protect miners from attacks. |
| A．was registered in 1928. | B．was given a patent. |
| C．was the oldest trademark of jeans. | D．has ever appeared in movies. |
| A．the meaning of jeans. | B．the history of jeans. |
| C．how jeans are invented. | D．why jeans become popular. |
Ramadan is one of the most important festivals for Muslims. The name of the festival comes from the Arabic month in which it is celebrated. Ramadan is celebrated in countries all over the world, especially in Africa and the Middle East. The time for celebrating Ramadan varies each year. People celebrate it in the ninth month of the Arabic lunar calendar. During Ramadan, people must not eat during the day: from when the sun comes up to when the sun goes down, people celebrating Ramadan will not eat or smoke. When the sun has gone down, however, the celebration begins. People often stay up all night eating, singing and dancing.
Easter
In late spring, many people around the world celebrate Easter. The festival is a celebration of spring and it is also a religious holiday. It is the time for Easter bunnies and egg hunts, and of course for eating lots of delicious foods. Easter is celebrated in late March or early April but the exact dates are different from year to year. People celebrate Easter in different ways: in some countries, the Easter Bunny-a big rabbit-will visit people and children will go on egg hunts, looking for eggs and candy that have been hidden by their parents. In other countries, Easter is a time for children to dress up like witches and go from door to door asking for candy-much like Halloween in the US. The Easter Bunny and the Easter Egg are popular symbols of the festival.
1. The word Ramadan is the name of____________.
| A．a person | B．a town | C．a month | D．a holy book |
| A．festivals celebrated in Asia and Africa |
| B．festivals celebrated by people all over the world |
| C．two names of the year |
| D．the only festivals that people like to celebrate |
| A．eat | B．sing | C．talk | D．sleep |
| A．picnics | B．egg hunts | C．trips | D．fighting |
| A．Easter Man, Easter egg | B．Easter Bunny, Easter tree |
| C．Easter Man, Easter tree | D．Easter Bunny, Easter egg |
【推荐2】People eat different things in different parts of the world.
In south China we eat rice every day. Sometimes we eat it two or three times a day, for breakfast, lunch and supper. We usually eat it with fish, meat and vegetable.
The Japanese eat rice, too. They also eat a lot of fish. They sometimes eat raw (生的) fish. In Africa, maize (玉米)is the most important food. People there make maize into flour (面粉). From this flour they make different kinds of bread and cakes.
In western (西方的) countries such as Britain, Australia and the U. S. A, the most important food is bread or potatoes. People there usually make their bread from wheat flour. They cook the potatoes in different ways. In England the most popular food is fish and chips. Sometimes people cook this food at home, but usually they buy it at the shop. They eat this food at home, in their work place, in the park or on the road. People call it “take-away” food.
1. This passage is about ________.| A．food | B．drink | C．clothes | D．ways of life |
| A．People in China. | B．People in Japan. | C．People in Africa. | D．People in Britain. |
| A．rice | B．fish | C．maize | D．vegetable |
【推荐3】The tooth is the hardest part of your body. Your teeth help you in many ways. For example, they can help you talk. They can also help you have a great smile. And the most important job of your teeth is to chew (咀嚼) your food. But do you know how your teeth grow?
When you are born, you don’t have any teeth. About 8 months later, small teeth begin to appear one by one. These teeth are called baby teeth. They are also called milk teeth. You won’t have baby teeth forever. They usually begin to fall out when a child is about 6 years old. Then, permanent (永久的) teeth begin to appear. These teeth are larger and more powerful. Most people will have 28 permanent teeth by the time they are 12 years old.
For some people, four more permanent teeth arrive by their 25th birthday. They are called wisdom teeth (智齿). But these teeth don’t make you smart! Sometimes they bring you pain. If a wisdom tooth brings you too much pain, you should go to a dentist (牙医) and have it pulled out.
1. Which part of your body is the hardest?| A．The nose. | B．The tooth. | C．The leg. | D．The hand. |
| A．to prepare food | B．to cook food | C．to chew food | D．to protect food |
| A．Baby teeth. | B．Adult teeth. | C．False teeth. | D．Big teeth. |
| A．22. | B．24. | C．26. | D．28. |
| A．Go to a dentist and have it brushed. |
| B．Go to a dentist and have it pulled out. |
| C．Go to a dentist and have it cleaned. |
| D．Go to a dentist and have it examined. |
【推荐1】Welcome to Oxford University Museums
Ashmolean Museum
Established in 1683, the Ashmolean Museum is the oldest museum in the UK and one of the oldest in the world. It houses the University's extensive collections of art and antiquities, ranging back over four millennia.
Location: Beaumont Street Tel: 01865 278000
Open: Tue.—Sun. 10:00—17:00
Charge: Admission is free; special exhibitions are ticketed and a charge may apply
Note: For group bookings Tel: 01865 278015
Oxford University Museum of Natural History
The University Museum of Natural History houses the University's collections of zoological, entomological, paleontological and mineral specimens. With 4.5 million specimens it is the largest collection of its type outside of the national collections.
Location: Parks Road Tel: 01865 272950
Open: 10:00—17:00 daily
Charge: Admission is free
Note: Groups must book in advance
Museum of the History of Science
The Museum of the History of Science is housed in the world's oldest surviving purpose-built museum building. It contains the world's finest collection of historic scientific instruments.
Location: Broad Street Tel: 01865 277280
Open: Tue.—Sun. 12:00 —17:00
Charge: Admission is free
Note: Booking required for groups of 15 or more
Pitt Rivers Museum
The Pitt Rivers Museum holds one of the world's finest collections of anthropology and archaeology, with objects from every continent and from throughout human history.
Location: Parks Road Tel: 01865 270927
Open: Tue.—Sun. and Bank Holiday Mondays: 10:00—16:30; Mon. 12:00—16:30
Charge: Admission is free
Note: Groups must book in advance
1. A group of 20 students want to pay a visit to the Ashmolean Museum, they should call .| A．01865 278000 | B．01865 278015 |
| C．01865 270927 | D．01865 277280 |
| A．zoological specimens. | B．collections of art. |
| C．historic scientific instruments. | D．mineral specimens. |
| A．Pitt Rivers Museum. |
| B．Ashmolean Museum. |
| C．Museum of the History of Science. |
| D．Oxford University Museum of Natural History. |
【推荐2】Whether from the looks or their functions, some buildings of Europe are seen as strange landmarks and attract visitors from the world.
UFO Bridge(Bratislava, Slovakia)
The space-age silver disc, with a bar and a restaurant, studs opposite the ancient Bratislava Castle and offers splendid views of the Old Town's roofs. While UFO has never been an issue, the special capsule does have the ability to predict the weather, shining different colors each night lo let the city know whether it will be rainy, cloudy, sunny or windy the next day.
Happy Rizzi House(Brunswick, Germany)
A strange landmark is the Happy Rizzi House in Brunswick, Germany. Its bright and colorful cartoons and wonky(歪斜的) frame certainly stand out from the traditional buildings that surround the structure. Pop-artist James Rizzi, who built the house, intended the landmark to celebrate how children see the world and express themselves freely.
Crooked House(Sopot, Poland)
Looking at the contorted(歪曲的) building can feel like you have entered the house of mirrors or put on a pair of strange glasses. Inspired by Polish fairy tales, the structure is home to shops, restaurants and even a radio station.
Office Center 1000(Kaunas, Lithuania )
Novel and oversized cheques are one thing, but a massive banknote built into a ten-storey building is much more impressive and weird. Located in Lithuania's accession to Europe Union, the Office Center 1000 building in Kaunas is made up of 4500 glass panels that form the image of a now-missing 1000 Lithuanian Litas banknote.
If you have interest in more information of these places, you can contact us through our website.
1. Which of the following places can offer information about weather?| A．UFO Bridge. | B．Crooked House. | C．Office Center 1000. | D．Happy Rizzi House. |
| A．It functions as a shopping mall. | B．It lies opposite an ancient castle. |
| C．It comes from a fairy tale by an artist. | D．It's surrounded with traditional buildings. |
| A．Bratislava. | B．Brunswick. | C．Sopot. | D．Kaunas. |
【推荐3】Guide to Stockholm University Library
Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.
Zones
The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.
Computers
You can use your own computer to connect to the Wi-Fi specially prepared for notebook computers, you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.
Group-study places
If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.
There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.
Storage of Study Material
The library has lockers for students to store course literature, When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分),you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.
Rules to be Followed
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.
Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.
1. The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to .| A．read in a quiet place | B．have group discussions |
| C．take comfortable seats | D．get their computers fixed |
| A．can afford the rental fee | B．attends certain courses |
| C．has nowhere to put his books | D．has earned the required credits |
| A．Mobile phones | B．Sandwiches |
| C．Candy | D．Orange juice |
You know I felt very sad yesterday. As you know, I got up at 5:00 in the morning and went to meet my aunt at the bus station. I waited there for hours and I nearly lost my patience. Then I took her to the hospital and then went to the gas station. I queued up (排队) for move than one hour under the hot sun before my turn.
When I finally went back home at 1:30 p.m. to have my lunch, I found nothing was left to eat. Everything had been taken to the hospital. I was dying to hunger.
So, to share my bad feelings with you, I sent the first e-mail to you. Fortunately, you replied to me. After that I went out to have some coffee. When I decided to go home, I found my car tyre (轮胎) was flat (瘪了). I was blue, Mary.
After dinner, I took a bath and washed my hair before going to bed. Unfortunately the lights were cut off and I could not dry my hair. I fell asleep with wet hair. When I got up this morning, I found I caught a cold. My voice sounds bad now.
I never hoped my holidays to be like this. Now, it feels good to talk to you about my blue feelings. You can also share your sadness and happiness with me because I am a good listener.
Yours,
Mike
1. Who will get the e-mail?| A．Mary. | B．His aunt |
| C．His mother | D．We don’t know. |
| A．Because he wanted to invite the receiver to his house. |
| B．Because he wanted to share his feelings with the receiver. |
| C．Because he wanted to use the car of the receiver. |
| D．Because he wanted to meet his aunt together. |
| A．Mike works in a hospital. | B．Mike is on holiday. |
| C．Mike did not have a cold yesterday. | D．Mike did not meet his aunt |
| A．green | B．red |
| C．yellow | D．blue |
【推荐2】April Fools' Day is supposed to be a day to play jokes on others in hopes of getting a good laugh and making one feel like a fool.However，the April Fools' Day of 2019 was quite different for my mom and me.
That day my friend Jimmy and I were playing a game.I had dropped down from a bar (横木) many times in the past without ever having a problem，but that day the simple act of dropping to the ground became a nightmare (噩梦)．I broke my arm.
Jimmy's dad heard my crying and rushed out to see what was going on.When he saw the problem，he quickly put me into his truck and went inside to telephone my mom and let her know he would take me to the hospital.As that day was April Fools' Day，Mom was not buying it and really thought all this was a big joke.Mom was finally convinced by Jimmy's mom.When she saw me，she broke down in tears because she felt so bad－she simply believed that was just a big trick.
I guess one could compare this to the story The Boy Who Cried Wolf.Since I had played bad tricks before，it was no wonder that my mom didn't believe it.I as well as my mom was made to look like a fool that day.We both learned a valuable lesson.
1. What happened to the writer on the April Fools' Day of 2019?| A．He dreamed a terrible dream. |
| B．He was hurt by Jimmy. |
| C．He had an accident. |
| D．He fooled his mom with his friend. |
| A．Because he wanted to play a joke on her. |
| B．Because he wanted her to go to the hospital to pay the money. |
| C．Because he wanted to see how deeply she loved her son. |
| D．Because he wanted to inform her of the accident. |
| A．She didn't believe what Jimmy's dad said. |
| B．She would not like to pay the money. |
| C．She had no preparation for the bad news. |
| D．She thought her son deserved (应受) it. |
| A．Because he thought it was his mom's fault. |
| B．Because he had a lesson like that. |
| C．Because he was proud of his story. |
| D．Because he felt he was luckier than that boy. |
| A．the writer's mom didn't care much about him |
| B．the writer was a dishonest person |
| C．the writer won't play jokes as before |
| D．the writer will lose interest in games |
【推荐3】Forty-nine years ago, on April 22,1970, twenty million Americans took to the streets to voice their concern about the deteriorating environment. The movement led to Earth Day.
Unfortunately, our planet is in worse shape now than it was when Earth Day was first celebrated. The good news is that it’s still not too late to reverse (转变) climate change if we all do our part. This Earth Day, take the first step towards helping our planet by participating in one of these fun activities.
NASA is putting our planet up for adoption so you and your friend can claim a portion of the planet as your own. The space agency has divided the globe into 64,000 sections, each about 55 miles wide. All you have to do is type your name into NASA’s “Adopt the Planet” site to claim a certificate that will give you the location of your slice of paradise (天堂) complete with details of its environment. NASA hopes that this exercise will stimulate interest and care in our planet.
Search giant Google is also trying to engage the public with an updated Google Earth focused around Earth Day events. Through a new Voyager feature, users will be able to discover stories from around the world, learn about new places by reading “Knowledge Cards” and send postcards.
If you happen to be anywhere near the nation’s capital on April 22, join the millions that are expected to participate in the Earth Day March at the National Mall. The mission of the event that will feature guest speakers and musical performances is to mobilize (动员) citizens into taking action by promoting this year’s Earth Day theme: climate and environmental science literacy.
While participating in the above-mentioned activities is a great idea, it is just the beginning. All that is required are small lifestyle changes. Planting a tree or two, going meatless just one day a week, or switching your plastic water bottle for a reusable one will go a long way to help reverse the damage we have caused.
1. The underlined word “deteriorating” is the closest in meaning to ________.| A．cleaner | B．better |
| C．worse | D．colder |
| A．air quality | B．ancient history |
| C．local customs | D．tourist attractions |
| A．They can create “Knowledge Cards” online. |
| B．They can discover stories from around the world. |
| C．They can receive postcards coming from Google. |
| D．They can adopt a slice of paradise in the world. |
| A．dream big | B．fly high |
| C．go meatless | D．start small |
