A new phone app uses shaking from smartphones to warn people about earthquakes. The new app is called MyShake, which is the work of four researchers at the University of California, Berkeley.
Smartphones are equipped with accelerometers (加速器).MyShake uses phone accelerometers to measure seismic (地震的)activity. It has been programmed to know the difference between normal activity and earthquake movement. The software developers say their app is right 93 percent of the time. A smartphone sends seismic information to the app developers. If the developers receive several warnings from one area it recognizes that an earthquake may be taking place or will take place soon. Using information sent from the app, the network then judges the location and strength of the quake in real time. MyShake can record 5. 0 earthquakes at distances of 10 kilometers or less.
MyShake uses very little power according to its developers. Only when seismic activity is sensed by the app does it become active and sends data to the network. The app works best when your phone is resting on a flat surface like a table.
The developers hope that MyShake can add to information collected by the US Geological Survey. That US agency has created the Earthquake Early Warning System also known as the EEW. The EEW has used sensors for measuring quakes in many areas. In places where no such equipment exists MyShake may be the only method of early quake detection(发现). The app also shows ways to stay safer during an earthquake. The developers say it will become more effective as more people use it.
The developers say they hope to add a feature that will warn people about a possible tsunami(海啸)after an earthquake.
1. What's the main idea of the first two paragraphs?A.What seismic activity is, |
B.What MyShake is and how it works. |
C.When accelerometers record earthquakes. |
D.MyShake plays an important role in reporting earthquakes. |
A.Only when smart phones are placed on a flat surface can it work. |
B.The smart phone can warn its owner when it senses an earthquake. |
C.MyShake can quickly send seismic information to the app's developers. |
D.MyShake can sense the difference between normal activities and earthquakes every time. |
A.To better the EEW. |
B.To combine the EEW and MyShake. |
C.To add its function to warn the possible damage after an earthquake. |
D.To use the information by the U.S. Geological Survey to better MyShake. |
A.MyShake will Be Used in Earthquakes |
B.MyShake Is on the Way to Predict Earthquakes |
C.MyShake Has Been Developed to Predict Earthquakes |
D.MyShake Makes Earthquake Prediction More Accurate |
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【推荐1】The deaths of 27 firefighters and three local residents who were engulfed by a burst of explosive fire on April 1st 2019 in Southwest China’s Sichuan province have touched people’s hearts.
Yet while mourning the dead, we should not ignore the fact that lessons need to be learned from the tragedy and that it is necessary to find out whether there was any mistake in directing the firefighting efforts that contributed to the loss of so many lives.
Of course, the bravery of the firefighters and local residents is worth our admiration and there is reason enough to regard them as heroes. However, if the authorities had taken into consideration a number of what-ifs before sending the firefighters into the forest, their lives might have been spared and their efforts might have been more effective.
Plans should have been made to deal with any contingency(意外). At an altitude of 3,800 meters, in which direction the wind blows is a factor that has to be taken into account, along with what might happen if it should suddenly change direction. And since the mountain is very rough and there is hardly any access to the forest where the fire broke out, there should have been a clear plan for how the firefighters would retreat if necessary.
Thus, it is necessary for the local governments and relevant experts to discuss what lessons can be learned from this tragedy and what kind of plans should be made for fighting forest fires in different places.
With little rain for nearly six months in many parts of the country, most parts of North China face the risk of forest fires. And with the greater frequency of extreme weather conditions because of climate change, the importance of preparations cannot be overemphasized.
The professional training of firefighters should be increased and more advanced equipment should be provided. This would not just upgrade the efficiency of fighting forest fires but it would also protect the lives of firefighters.
1. Which is not the possible reason that caused the deaths of the thirty firefighters and local residents?A.The authorities hadn’t made full preparations before sending the firefighters into the forest. |
B.The firefighters may not have made careful plans to deal with any contingency. |
C.There has been little rain in many parts of the country for six months. |
D.There may have been mistakes in directing the firefighting. |
A.You cannot emphasize the importance of preparations too much. |
B.The importance of preparations has been overemphasized. |
C.You should not overemphasize the importance of preparation. |
D.The importance of preparations has been emphasized enough. |
A.Extreme weather conditions |
B.Dry climate with little rain |
C.Rough mountains |
D.Strong wind |
A.Supportive | B.Dissatisfied |
C.Approval | D.Ambiguous |
【推荐2】A nighttime building fire in southern Taiwan Province that took hours to bring under control killed 46 people on Thursday. Officials in the city of Kaohsiung said at least 41 people were injured.
The fire started early Thursday morning local time. A statement by the fire department described it as “extremely fierce.” Flames and smoke poured from the lower floors as firefighters tried to control the fire.
The number of dead rose during the day as rescue workers searched the building which combined businesses and homes. By late afternoon, officials confirmed 32 people had died, while 14 people, who showed no signs of life, were among 55 taken to the hospital. In Taiwan, official confirmation of a death is made at the hospital.
Firefighters could be seen spraying water into the middle floors of the 13-floor building. One woman, who was not identified, said on Taiwanese television that her 60-to-70-year-old parents were still inside as rescue efforts continued. Taiwan’s Central News Agency reported that officials said the building’s age and waste blocking many areas made search and rescue efforts more difficult.
Many of the people living in the 40-year-old building were retired and lived alone in apartments as small as 13 square meters, local media reported. The building had 120 living spaces on the upper floors. It also had a closed movie theater, disused restaurants and karaoke businesses below them, the Central News Agency said. Mayor Chen Chi-mai said the building was partly abandoned.
The United Daily News, a major newspaper, said fire extinguishers(灭火器) had been put in place last month. But there were only three on each floor because the residents could not pay for more.
The fire appeared to have started on the ground floor. Investigators were examining a first-floor tea shop whose owner reportedly fought with his girlfriend the day before. They had not ruled out that the fire may have been set on purpose, The United Daily News reported.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?
A.No signs of life were found when rescuers came. |
B.The exact number of victims could not be confirmed. |
C.There are hidden dangers in the building itself. |
D.The building is used for business and residential purposes. |
A.the fire made lots of firemen in trouble |
B.all the victims have been properly relocated |
C.the accident caused many injuries and deaths |
D.the local hospital has organized blood donations |
A.Why was the building partly abandoned? |
B.How do the residents live in the small apartments? |
C.Why weren’t there enough fire extinguishers in the building? |
D.What happened to those on the ground floor that morning |
A.The waste in the building. |
B.Narrow rescue space |
C.Too many retired old people. |
D.The TV station’s live broadcasting. |
【推荐3】On the day the tornado(龙卷风) hit, there was no sign fierce weather was on its way— the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first warning my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around 9 p.m., from some text on the TV Jimmy was watching. He ran upstairs to find me in our third-floor bedroom, and we changed the channel from the national television to our local Pensacola, Florida, station.
Soon the tornado was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I have ever heard. The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. And the wind began to roar(咆哮) through the house, most likely through blown-out windows and the door to our garage. Everything was moving. And the back wall of the house came off and flew into the darkness outside. We had three flights of steps to get to the storeroom down there, the relative safety of the first floor.
I didn’t know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet. As we finally reached the last flight of steps, our front door blew out. Suddenly, a three-foot-long tree branch flew over our heads, missing us by inches.
By the time I reached the storeroom, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed me down to the storeroom floor, but he couldn’t get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmy’s arm as the tornado blew the door open. My knees were full of glass, but I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house.
All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn’t believe it was over. Our neighbor says the storm lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were completely destroyed. Amazingly, none of us were seriously injured.
1. Where did the couple learn about the coming fierce weather?A.From the dark sky. | B.From the national station. |
C.From the local news report. | D.From the text sent by their neighbors. |
A.They were hit by a tree branch. | B.They tried to get out of the house. |
C.Their garage was blown to pieces. | D.Their house was badly destroyed. |
A.He was in great danger. | B.He flew out of the house. |
C.He was seriously injured. | D.He got inside the storeroom. |
【推荐1】In the 1966 science-fiction film The Fantastic Voyage, a team of scientists and doctors are shrunk to microscopic size injected into the body of an injured man to save his life. The tiny crew travels through the body's dangerous environment to locate and repair the damaged part of the man's body. Eventually, the group manages to complete their task and the man awakens, fully cured.
Such an idea sounds extraordinary to many, But what if it were possible to cure a disease like a cancer, using tiny particles injected into a person to find the cancer and destroy it without harming anything else in the body? Although it may seem like science fiction, tools like this are now being developed and may become common in the near future—thanks to research currently being done in the field of nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology(纳米技术)is really small. The prefix "nano" refers to a nanometer, which is one-billionth of a meter. A comma on a page of a book or magazine may be more than half a million nanometer. Using this technology, it will be possible to detect cancer at a stage when there are perhaps only a thousand bad cells. Compare this to what happens today: doctors can diagnose cancer only after the dangerous cells have multiplied into millions and developed a tumor. One of the advantages of detecting and treating cancer is that the cells is less likely to be resistant to drug treatment. Right now, most cancer treatments kill not only the dangerous cells but the healthy ones as well. Nanoparticles will allow doctors to attack cancerous tumors without disturbing healthy cells. Thus, it can deliver cancer-killing drugs to the cancer cells and allow doctors to deliver cancer treatment earlier, faster, and more thoroughly.
Unfortunately, there are serious concerns that these same materials could have negative environment and health effects. In recent studies, fish exposed to water containing large amounts of nanoparticles suffered brain damage. And people are at risk as well. But many scientists don't think research into its many uses should be stopped.
Meanwhile, research into the uses of nanotechnology in health and other fields continues. "What's amazing is how quickly this is evolving", says chemist Vicki Colin. "even ten years ago, a lot of these applications would have seemed pretty unrealistic. "Perhaps, the old movie, The Fantastic Voyage, isn't so hard to believe after all.
1. What is the reading mainly about?A.A film called The Fantastic Voyage. |
B.How to detect different cancers. |
C.The dangers and side effects of nanotechnology. |
D.The application and development of nanotechnology. |
A.It will not have any influences. |
B.It may prevent many side effects. |
C.They will be in danger. |
D.Varieties of cancers will be cured. |
A.Skeptical. | B.Objective. |
C.Critical | D.Indifferent. |
A.Nanotechnology has progressed a lot in the last decade. |
B.Ten years ago, nanotechnology were very realistic. |
C.Some of these applications are ten years old. |
D.In ten years, there have been few realistic applications for nanotechnology. |
【推荐2】For years, there has been a prejudice against science among clinical psychologists (临床心理学家). In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments which are given the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even cruder in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science.”
The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments—the tools of psychology—bring more lasting benefits than drugs.
You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.
Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker from the University of Wisconsin, clinical psychologists are “Very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”. Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment.”
When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study that works. A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path as insurance companies (保险公司) demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit itself.”
1. Many clinical psychologists fail to provide the roost effective treatments because ________.A.they are unfamiliar with their patients |
B.they believe in science and evidence |
C.they rely on their personal experiences |
D.they depend on their colleagues’ help |
A.the cruel judgment by Walter Mischel |
B.the great progress that has been made in psychological research |
C.the fact that most patients get better after being treated |
D.the fact that patients prefer to take drugs rather than have other treatments |
A.They feel embarrassed. | B.They doubt their treatments. |
C.They are disappointed. | D.They try to defend themselves. |
A.positive. | B.neutral. |
C.indifferent. | D.negative. |
【推荐3】The National Aquatics Center, also known as the Water Cube, was built to host aquatic 2008 Summer events for the Beijing Olympic Games. Since then, it has become a representative Olympics structure, known across the world. Now, the stadium will also host the curling (冰壶) events for the Beijing 2022 Winter Games. So how can we turn the Water Cube into the Ice Cube?
The main change is to turn the swimming pool into a four-lane curling rink (球场). According to Xinhua, the transformation will be completed by using a quick-removable system. Simply put, the water will be removed from the pool and then a convertible frame will be built and put inside. The frame is made up of 2,600 H-shaped steel poles and has a height of three meters and a length of two meters, China News Service reported. It is the first time in the Olympics that curling competitions will be held on a block of movable ice. The new Ice Cube will get a technological upgrade as well, with a system for monitoring the inner temperature, humidity (湿度), and lighting. Such venue transformation is an example of China’s mission to hold a “Green Games” by adopting sustainable high technology for its Olympics venues.
Another major technology applied can be seen at the National Speed Skating Oval (NSSO), known as the Ice Ribbon. It is the only newly-built ice sports venue for the Games. Traditionally, freon, which harms the ozone layer, was used in the ice-making process. But NSSO adopts an environmentally friendly technology, which uses carbon dioxide to make ice.
For Ice Ribbon with an ice surface area of 12,000 square meters, its effect in reducing carbon emissions is equal to planting over 1.2 million trees, People’s Daily reported.
“The new ice making technology can precisely control ice temperatures and will be helpful to ensure a standardized hardness of ice surfaces. It will also significantly save electricity during ice making.” Yu Hong, head of the technical department of the Organizing Committee for the Beijing 2022 Winter Games, told China Daily.
The new technology will also be used in other ice venues including Capital Indoor Stadium and Wukesong Sports Center.
1. Which has the closest meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 2?A.change | B.stage | C.subject | D.recognition |
A.The features of the Ice Cube. | B.The process of the transformation. |
C.The difficulty in the building of the Ice Cube. | D.The introduction of the game of curling. |
A.The Water Cube was originally built to hold the winter Olympics. |
B.They change the water in the Water Cube into ice. |
C.The committee has planted 1. 2 million trees. |
D.Beijing 2022 Winter Games is friendly to the environment. |
A.Organising Beijing 2022 Winter Games | B.The Water Cube |
C.Technologies in 2022 Winter Games | D.Breakthroughs in 2022 Winter Games |
【推荐1】Have you seen the movie Coco? What about Finding Nemo? Did you watch The Incredibles? These movies may seem different, but they actually share a lot in common. For starters, they were all made by an animation studio called Pixar.
How can one studio make movies that everyone loves? The secret: Pixar tells stories that audiences of all ages and backgrounds can connect with.The most important part of any Pixar movie is the story itself.
GREAT STORYTELLING IS HARD WORK
Storytelling is an art and a skill. Pixar creators know this. They have put a lot of time and thought into what makes a great story. One Pixar storyboard artist named Emma Coates created a list called "The 22 Rules of Storytelling According to Pixar. These are the rules that all Pixar stories must follow in order to be called a good story.
One rule is that "You admire a character for trying more than for their successes. In Finding Dory, Dory isn't a perfect character. She finds it hard to remember things. She makes silly mistakes, but never stops trying to find her parents. This makes her the hero of her story. If you have ever tried hard for something, you can relate to Dory
GREAT STORYTELLING CONNECTS US
Why are the stories that Pixar tells important? They get the audience to feel the story Feelings of anger, fear, sadness, joy, and love are universal. In this way, Pixar's stories have the power to show audience members that we are more alike than different. Because we can connect with the characters' emotions, we can connect with each other
The stories that Pixar tells are very creative. No two movies are the same! But the stories and, more importantly, the feelings in each are universal. Even though we, ve never traveled the the power of these stories inspires us. They push us to better understand each other and to seek out our own adventures
1. What is special about Pixar according to the author?A.It makes the movies very quickly |
B.It creates all different types of movie |
C.It creates stories that tough all the audiences. |
D.It makes a lot of money from their movies |
A.They teach all of us the same lesson. |
B.They bring us together to watch movies. |
C.Their characters are usually physically similar to us. |
D.Their characters experience the emotions that we all do |
【推荐2】With hospitals and nursing homes tending to thousands of patients every year accidents can and do happen. These incidents whether they are through carelessness or otherwise, can leave patients feeling powerless. That’s not the case.
“There is growing public awareness. People are feeling they have more rights and they have tools in hand to make a complaint,” said Ralph Montano, spokesman for the California Department of Public Health, which regulates hospitals and long-term care facilities in the state.
That department received more than 6000 complaints about hospitals in 2007; in the most recent year statistics are available. The complaints can be about mixed-up lab results, medicine errors, foreign objects left in a patient during surgery or a host of other topic.
Similarly, the California department of Aging received 43,000 nursing home complaints in 2014. Some said patient abuse or neglect of patients; others reported missing items. And some commented on the quality of the food.
But finding the channels through them to put forward a complaint can be tiring and time consumption. Many consumers simply don’t bother, and some become lost in the system. Whether the complaint is against a hospital or a long-term care facility, the process is similar—and many people can help, including the facility’s staff, insurance company representatives and state regulators.
If you want to make a complaint while in the hospital, Patti Harvey, vice president of quality and patient care services for Kaiser Permanente in Southern California, recommends talking with the bedside nurse. If that doesn’t work, you can talk with other people higher in the chain of command, up to the hospital administrator. If the problem isn’t still taken care of—say you disagree with your treatment plan or have a problem with your doctor—member service offices at each hospital can help address your concerns.
1. Why are there more complaints from patients?A.Because there are more departments to deal with complaints. |
B.Because in the hospital there are more accidents than before. |
C.Because it’s convenient for people to put forward complaints. |
D.Because hospitals have more and more rights. |
A.complaints are bad for a long-term care facility |
B.few accidents happen |
C.many complaints are lost |
D.it takes time to make a complaint |
A.to solve problems with the hospital quickly |
B.something about Patti Harvey |
C.how to make complaints in the hospital |
D.we should say we disagree with the treatment plan |
A.Jack—a representative of an insurance company. |
B.Peter—a medical officer from the government. |
C.Rudy—a headmaster of a medical university. |
D.Tom—a teacher of a medical school. |
【推荐3】Cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air. However, a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. In fact, researchers say, running in cold weather helps improve one’s performance.
Many people say running in the winter can be difficult because of low temperatures and bitter winds. Yet many runners might find it easier than running in hot weather. That could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body. When you run in cold weather, your heart rate and the body’s dehydration (脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions. The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather.
This information comes from sports scientists at St. Mary’s University in San Antonio, Texas. John Brewer is a professor of applied sport science at St. Mary’s. For this study, he and other researchers put a group of people into a room they called an “environmental chamber”. The researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room, under which the test subjects (接受试验者) were asked to run 10 kilometers. Brewer says he and his team recorded biological measurements of the runners.
“We’ve got a group of subjects into the environmental chamber, we’ve changed the conditions to replicate the summer or winter and we’ve got them to run 10 kilometers under both of those conditions and taken various measurements on each runner while they’ve been completing their 10 kilometers.”
Brewer says every movement runners make produces heat. He explains that one way in which we lose heat is by sweating. The body loses heat through droplets of sweat. He says the body also loses heat by transporting blood to the surface of the skin.
1. What may be the result of running in winter?A.It increases pressure of the body. |
B.It improves the function of the body. |
C.It makes your heart rate higher. |
D.It needs more water than in summer. |
A.Researchers interviewed the subjects. |
B.Subjects built the “environmental chamber”. |
C.Subjects were asked to run in winter and summer. |
D.Biological measurements of the runners were recorded. |
A.Copy. | B.Remember. | C.Separate. | D.Decorate. |
A.The environmental chamber. |
B.The way of losing weight. |
C.Better performance of running in cold weather. |
D.Biological measurements of runners in two seasons. |
【推荐1】Would a faster reading speed mean that we could learn more? Some people claim that it’s possible. In July last year,the six-time speed reading champion Anne Jones sat down to read Harper Lee’s Go Seta Watchman. Just 25 minutes and 31 seconds later, she finished it--- which equals a reading rate of around 3100 words per minute. Jones runs training courses teaching speed reading, recall and concentration techniques and there are numerous speed reading apps that have appeared on the market over the past few years. But do they actually work?
First, we need to understand how we read. The human eye movement system is central to our reading ability. Read over that sentence again, and think about how your eyes scan across the words. They don't move smoothly over them. Instead, they make a series of short, sharp jumps, skipping over a few characters before briefly landing on a word. The movements are known as saccades(扫视)and the pauses are called fixations.
Reading isn't just about seeing the words---you need to comprehend them to build up a picture about what the text means. People are able to get through a block of text faster, but at the cost of accuracy and understanding. In other words, you use a speed reading app, then you'll probably get the gist(主旨) of a piece of text, but you'll struggle to recall details about what you’ve just read.
So, does speed reading work? Well, yes and no. It really depends on what you’re reading and why you need to read it. As yet, there isn't a trick that enables you to read a piece of text both quickly and accurately-there's always going to be a trade-off.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Speed reading is bad at times. | B.Speed reading is a waste of time. |
C.Speed reading can work sometimes. | D.Speed reading is always enjoyable. |
A.Reading apps ensure we read much faster. |
B.Fast reading makes us learn more knowledge. |
C.Reading ability is not related to the eye movement system. |
D.You probably get the main idea of a passage by using a speed reading App. |
A.She runs training courses teaching only speed reading technique. |
B.She is a running champion. |
C.She can read very fast. |
D.She creates some speed reading apps. |
A.The advantages of faster or slower reading. |
B.The reasons why to do faster or slower reading. |
C.The methods for making use of faster or slower reading. |
D.The cases where to do faster and slower reading. |
【推荐2】Unless you are like Nasty Gal’s founder Sophia Amoruso, the passwords you use to access your email and the endless other accounts you need for work aren’t filled with intention. With increasing security requirements, it’s likely your word/number combinations are becoming even less memorable. But new research suggests it may not be long before you won’t need to memorize passwords.
“Brainprint”, published in Neurocomputing, reveals that the brain’s reaction to certain words could be a unique identifying code — like a fingerprint — that could eventually replace passwords.
In a small experiment, the researchers measured the brains’ signals of 45 volunteers as they read through a list of 75 acronyms such as FBI and DVD. The word-recognition response differed so much between each participant that a second experiment using a computer program could identify each one with 94% accuracy.
It’s not enough to feel totally secure, but promising enough to hint at the future of securing sensitive information.
The advantage of using such a biometric system (生物识别系统) is that it can be used for continuous verification (验证), New Scientist points out. Passwords or fingerprints only provide a tool for one-off identification. Continuous verification could in theory allow someone to interact with many computer systems at the same time or even with a variety of intelligent objects, without having to repeatedly enter passwords for each device.
As Hollywood has illustrated, it’s simply a matter of cutting off a finger to steal that person’s identity. “Brainprints, on the other hand, are potentially cancellable,” said Sarah Laszlo, assistant professor of psychology and linguistics at Binghamton University and co-author of the study, “So, in the unlikely event that attackers were actually able to steal a brainprint from an authorized user, the authorized user could then ‘reset’ their brainprint.”
Until now, brain signals have been a challenge to understand. This experiment leaped over the obstacle by focusing on the brainwaves from the specific area that reads and recognizes words. The signal is therefore clearer and easier to measure.
The problem, so far, is that the brain signal is still not as accurate as scanning someone’s fingerprint, and initially requires sticking diodes (二极管) on your head in order to get a read. That’s ok, according to Zhanpeng Jin, assistant professor at Binghamton University and coauthor of the study, because brainprint isn’t going to be mass-produced any time soon. He says the researchers foresee its use at places such as the Pentagon, where the number of authorized users is small, and they don’t need to be continuously verified the way you do to access your mobile device or email.
Better keep your memory sharp, at least a little while longer.
1. In paragraph 5, “one-off identification” refers to the identification that _______.A.happens as part of a regular series | B.interacts with intelligent objects |
C.can be verified continuously | D.needs repeated verification |
A.fingerprints can be canceled once stolen | B.brainprints are theft-proof and resettable |
C.attackers can steal and replace brainprints | D.users have the authority to cancel brainprints |
A.brainprints will sharpen users’ memory | B.brainprints will become easier to be measured |
C.brainprints will receive narrow application | D.brainprints will eventually replace fingerprints |
A.Brainprints: A New Way to Replace Passwords |
B.Brainprints: A Unique Device to Identify Codes |
C.Brainprints: A Quicker Way to Access Your Email |
D.Brainprints: A Securer Device to Identify Brain Signals |
【推荐3】Each night, small groups of a species called free-tailed bats emerge from their habitat in the Panamanian rain forests to hunt for the prey (猎物)using echolocation.
“When bats are hunting, especially when they're in open areas, they produce two really different call types. They have their ‘search-phase calls’ when they're just scanning the environment. And then they have ‘feeding buzzes’ when they actually detect food, like insects. ” said Jenna Kohles, a graduate student at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior in Germany.
Both types of calls are typically too high-pitched for us to hear. Other bats can hear those feeding buzzes and use them as a hint for finding food. But it's always been assumed that the other call, search-phase call, doesn’t include that kind of social information. Kohles and her team wondered if search-phase call might also be social and help bats stick together in the dark.
“This is why we then tested first whether these echolocation calls they produce when they’re scanning the environment contain information about a bat’s identity, like in the form of an individual signature. And then, more importantly, we wanted to test whether bats can actually use this information to tell between different individuals, just using these search-phase echolocation calls.”
The researchers captured wild bats and exposed them to a particular call over and over again until they became bored and stopped reacting. Then the researchers played the same type of call but recorded from a different bat. If the bats reacted, it means that they noticed that the identity of the caller had changed.
And that's exactly what happened, which suggests that some kind of individual signature is encoded (编码)within search-phase call. The results are in the journal Behavioral Ecology.
Many other animals that hunt in groups use vocalizations (发声)to keep connected. But bats already invest most of their vocal resources in echolocation for hunting. So it appears that these bats have figured out how to accomplish both tasks-hunting and cooperation-using a single type of vocalization.
1. How does the free-tailed bats hunt for their prey?A.Finding the sound of their prey. |
B.Locating the echoes they produce. |
C.Producing the sound like a group of insects. |
D.Using search-phase calls. |
A.The call sounds low. |
B.The call acts as a signal of finding food. |
C.The call is commonly thought to be social. |
D.The call may contain some kind of bats’ identity. |
A.The purpose of the experiment. |
B.The content of the experiment. |
C.The background of the experiment. |
D.The steps of the experiment. |
A.Do you know bats’ calls? |
B.Why do bats produce two types of calls? |
C.Let’s explore the usage of vocalization. |
D.Bat says hi as it hunts. |