【推荐1】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两个选项为多余选项。

The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before.

But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line.     1     Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.

For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face? If the answer is no, rewrite and reread.     2    

If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct (本能 ) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so.     3     If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect opinions of others in the chat room.

    4     Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it is a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else.     5     At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those you have offended.

A．Everyone was new to the network once.

B．If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.

C．It’s unusual that there are some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online.

D．The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated.

E．You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.

F．When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.

G．Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.

【推荐2】As Wilson Guarin watched the helicopter roaring above, he wondered if the men being lifted into the sky felt the risk had been worth it.

Moments earlier, Guarin and his children had hiked to Hermit Falls in Angeles National Forest, one of the most popular waterfalls in the Los Angeles area. Soon after they arrived, they saw a man dislocate his shoulder when he jumped into the rock pool at the base of Hermit Falls.   Less than a minute later, another man jumped and appeared to break both his legs. Guarin said the cliff jumpers' intentions were obvious. They wanted to get a video of themselves and post it to social media.

A thirst among hikers, often inexperienced and under-prepared, to collect "likes" and shares on Instagram and other social media sites has led to a significant increase in rescue missions by first responders.

The Los Angeles County Sheriff' s Department's Search and Rescue teams conducted 681 missions in 2017, the largest number in five years. It' s a 38% increase from the 491 rescues they did in 2013.

The teams' leaders say the single largest factor for that increase is people posting videos of extreme activities online. Then, without any thought about the difficulty, others try to recreate their own 15-second version of glory.

On Instagram, posts from visitors venturing to waterfalls and swimming holes in Angeles National Forest and other recreation areas show hikers changed into models, striking seemingly the same poses in the same places.

We shouldn't discourage people from enjoying the outdoors. But many accidents are avoidable and happen either when people go off trail or ignore official warnings about an area being closed and visit anyway.

Guarin still thinks about the two men he watched hitching helicopter rides to a hospital. "You get concerned about what people are willing to do - to not have fun. It's risking everything for no reason. "

Well, there are the "likes".

1. What happened to the two jumpers'?

A．They both got badly injured.

B．They were trapped in a rock pool.

C．They were rescued by the Guarins.

D．They were caught in an air crash.

2. What is the main reason for the increase in the number of rescues?

A．Hikers are inexperienced and under-prepared.

B．Helicopters are readily available in more areas.

C．Travelers go off trail or ignore official warnings.

D．More people share their extreme activities online.

3. What do the figures imply in paragraph 4?

A．More social rescues are timely and effective.

B．More attention is paid from the social media.

C．More people raise the awareness of self-defense.

D．More public resources are obviously being occupied.

4. What does Guarin think of the jumpers' action?

A．It is not a wise thing to do.

B．It is their own version of glory

C．Watching it online is a lot of fun.

D．Getting "likes" makes it worthwhile.

【推荐3】As temperatures approached 90 degrees in New York City last July 4th, three police officers walked into a Whole Foods Market to get something cold to drink.

Once inside, the cops, Louis Sojo and Officers Ricky Cuevas and Michael Rivera, were approached by a store security guard who asked for help with a suspected shoplifter. The woman in question didn’t have the look of a career criminal. She was obviously scared, and her cheeks were wet with tears.

The cops went through her bag. “All we saw was containers of food. We didn’t See anything else,” Cuevas told CBS New York.

“I’m hungry,” she explained quietly.

Caught on the scene, the woman no doubt expected to be cuffed and put to prison for the crime of being hungry while poor. But the cops had other ideas. “We’ll pay for her food, Sojo told the surprised security guard.

There’d been no discussion among the three men. It went unsaid. Instead, they picked up the woman’s bag and accompanied her to a cash register, where each chipped in $10 to pay the bill. She would not be taken to the police station.

All the woman could do was weep in gratitude. Covering her face with a handkerchief and drying her eyes, she repeated, “Thank you, thank you.”

Paul Jones, who was at the store was so taken by what he’d witnessed that he posted a photo on Twitter for all to see.

But attention was never what the officers sought. They were driven by a far more common emotion. When you look at someone’s face and see that they need you and they’re actually hungry, it’s pretty difficult as a human being to walk away from something like this.

1. What do we know about the woman according to Paragraph 2?

A．She spent her entire career in shoplifting.	B．She was fearless in the face of the police.
C．She felt frightened and ashamed of shoplifting.	D．She was familiar to the store security guard.

2. What does the underlined phrase “chipped in’’ mean?

A．Gave some money.	B．Joined in a discussion.
C．Asked for a lower price.	D．Cut something into pieces.

3. What drove the three police officers to help the woman?

A．Job duties and responsibilities.	B．Understanding and pity for the poor.
C．The desire for media attention.	D．Prevention and control of further crime.

【推荐1】In Mexico, girls mark their fifteenth birthday with a celebration called Quinceanera. In the morning, the birthday girl goes to the church with her family and her best friends. She wears a beautiful dress. Later in the day, there is a huge party, with a big cake that matches the girl’s dress, and a night filled with music and dancing.
Becoming an adult is a very important life change, and Japan has a special holiday to celebrate this. The second Sunday in January is Coming-of-Age Day. On that day, everyone who had their twentieth birthday in the last year goes to their Town Hall for a special activity. Everyone dresses up, and many women wear beautiful dresses. The mayor makes a speech and gives presents to all the new adults.
Some kids are afraid to start school, but six-year-olds in Germany can’t wait. For them, Schulanfang is a big holiday. To celebrate a child’s first day of school, parents or friends give the child a Zuckertuete, a big color box filled with candy and little presents. People take pictures of the kids holding their Zuckertuete, and there is a school party later for the parents with cake and coffee.
1. What happens at Quinceanera?

A．The birthday girl buys many gifts.

B．The birthday girl goes to the church.

C．Parents give a Zuckertuete to the child.

D．Parents make speeches in the church.

2. When is Coming-of-Age Day celebrated?

A．On one’s first day of school.

B．On one’s twentieth birthday.

C．On a girl’s fifteenth birthday.

D．On the second Sunday in January.

3. Schulanfang is celebrated when German children ______.

A．start school	B．reach the age of 15
C．grow into adults	D．are born

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Celebrating birthdays.

B．Celebrating school holidays.

C．Celebrating life changes.

D．Celebrating national holidays.

【推荐3】Electric car are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline (汽油) powered cousins.

People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (无污染的) vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal (地热的) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.

In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It’s just because the coal is burned somewhere else that it looks clean. It is not. It is as if the California Green are covering their eyes—“If I can’t see it, it’s not happening”. Gasoline is an unbelievably efficient way to power a vehicle, a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat-at the generator, through the transmission (传送) lines, etc.

A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far-so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes(核能)or geothermal, or gyro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.

In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when car are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it is a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.

1. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Electric cars are not clean at all

B．Electric cars are better than gasoline—powered ones

C．People have doubts about electric cars’ batteries

D．Gasoline is an effective way to power a vehicle

2. The underlined words in paragraph two mean ________.

A．know nothing

B．have confidence

C．feel excited

D．be pleased

3. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run ________.

A．not less than 25 miles	B．as far as 50 miles
C．as far as 25 miles	D．not more than 25 miles

4. According to the text, electric cars ________.

A．are more environmentally friendly

B．burn more fuel than gas-powered ones

C．are very good at cleaning up

D．are poisonous for a long time

【推荐1】The life expectancy(预期寿命）gap between the richest and the poorest members of society in England widened to nearly 10 years,British researchers have found.

The study analyzed a total of 7.65 million deaths in England between 2001 and 2016 based on data from the Office for National Statistics.

Researchers at Imperial College London found that the life expectancy gap between the richest and the poorest sectors of society increased from 6.1 years in 2001 to 7.9 years in 2016 for women and from 9.0 years to 9.8 years for men.

The life expectancy of women in poorest communities in 2016 was 78.8 years,compared to 86.7 years in the richest group.For men,life expectancy was 74.0 years among the poorest,compared to 83.8 years among the richest,according to the study published Thursday in the journal Lancet Public Health.

The largest contributors to life expectancy inequalities were deaths in children younger than five years old,mostly the baby deaths,as well as respiratory disease,heart disease,lung and digestive cancers,and dementia among the elderly.

Majid Ezzzti,senior author of the research,noted that“a perfect storm of factors”led to the earlier deaths of poor people,including dead working income,rising price of healthy food,funding squeeze for health and late diagnosis of diseases.

“Greater investment in health and social care in the most deprived areas will help change the worrying trends seen in our work.We also need government and industry action to erase food insecurity and make healthy food choices more affordable,so that the quality of a family’s diet isn’t decided by their income,”he suggested.

1. How did the scientists get the result?

A．By doing the experiments.	B．By analyzing the figures.
C．By analyzing the forms.	D．By studying the questionnaires.

2. Who will live the longest time according to the research?

A．Men in the richest community.	B．Men in the poorest community
C．Women in the richest community.	D．Women in the poorest community.

3. Which factor has the least connection with money among those causing the earlier death of the poor?

A．Dead working income.	B．Rising price of healthy food.
C．Funding squeeze for health.	D．Late diagnosis of disease.

4. What may be the main reason causing the life expectancy gap?

A．The poor families seldom go to see doctors.

B．The poor families usually get cancer easily.

C．The poor families often have unhealthy food.

D．The government doesn’t care about the poor.

【推荐2】Intelligent people are more likely to trust others, while those who score lower on measures of intelligence are less likely to do so. Oxford University researchers based their finding on an analysis of the ‘General Social Survey’.

The authors say one explanation could be that more intelligent individuals are better at judging characters and may spend more time building relationships with people they can trust. Another reason could be that smarter people are better at weighing up situations and assessing whether or not the other person will hold up his or her end of a bargain.

“Intelligence is shown to be linked with trusting others.” said the study’s lead author, Noah Carl of Oxford University,“ This finding supports what other researchers have argued, namely that being a good judge of character is a distinct part of human intelligence.”

In addition, the study shows that individuals who are more trusting are also happier with their lives and had higher levels of physical health. The Oxford researchers found, however, that the links between trust and health, and between trust and happiness, are not explained by intelligence. The findings confirmed that trust is a valuable resource for an individual, and is not simply a measure of intelligence.

The authors say the research is significant because the study of social trust could have far-reaching implications in public welfare, as social trust contributes to the success of important social institutions, such as welfare systems and financial markets.

According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, trust is in increasingly short supply in current generation. This decline threatens world leaders’ ability to handle some of today’s key challenges like global warming, and the political system. There are good reasons to think that governments should try to develop more trust in society.

Distrust usually causes friction in personal relationships, careers and politics among others, says Stephen Covey. Although majority of people say that trust can never be restored once it’s broken, Stephen feels it can be brought back. “It’s not easy, it takes time, but you do it through your behavior, not just things you say.”

1. It can be concluded from the analysis of the General Social Survey   that ______.

A．intelligence accounts for the connection between trust and health

B．judgment of characters determines the level of intelligence

C．intelligent individuals spend less time on interpersonal relationship

D．intelligent people tend to show more trust in others

2. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Make the best of a situation.	B．Stick to one’s promise as agreed.
C．Figure out the true value of a bargain.	D．Make an assessment of a deal.

3. According to the research, higher level of social trust is______.

A．a basic step to deal with global warming	B．a decisive basis for stable political system
C．a complete solution to interpersonal conflicts	D．a contributing factor to successful public institutions

4. When it comes to rebuilding trust, Stephen is most likely to agree that______.

A．actions always speak louder than words	B．Trust is the proper fruit of knowledge
C．mind is largely determined by behavior	D．behavior is a mirror to shows one’s image

【推荐3】Working from a shady balcony overlooking a vast sea, with five-star restaurants and golf courses within easy reach: what better place could there be to while away the pandemic (疫情) than Barbados?

Like most of its Caribbean neighbours, Barbados has been good at keeping COVID-19 out. Normally tourism brings in more than half of its foreign earnings. Now, many tourists are banned and the economy is declining. The tourism minister, Kerrie Symmonds, puts unemployment at close to 40%.

The prime minister, Mia Mottley intends to introduce a “Welcome Stamp” for visitors to “work remotely in paradise” for up to a year. The idea is that if holidays are not possible, then maybe the island can attract wealthy office workers who no longer have to go to the office. Other Caribbean islands are considering competing plans; Bermuda has announced one.

It did not take a pandemic for some digital workers to consider moving to a beach. But before now, it was legally difficult. Getting a work permit or immigrant status meant weeks or months of form-filling. Workers had to pay Barbadian income taxes. The new procedure looks quick and easy by comparison. For a fee of $2,000 for one person, or $3,000 for a family, you can take your Zoom calls from a real white sandy beach, instead of merely selecting it as a virtual background. You continue paying tax according to the rules of whichever country you came from.

There will be some checks on new arrivals. We do not want “the scum of the earth, but honest and respectable types”, says Mr Symmonds. Applicants must have health insurance, and the main breadwinner must earn at least $50,000. But otherwise the gates are open. “All must breathe, in this world and in this country.” says Ms Mottley.

1. The project “Welcome Stamp” is intended to ________.

A．help the economy recover	B．create jobs for visitors
C．keep COVID-19 out	D．compete against other islands

2. What is needed to apply for Welcome Stamp?

A．Spending weeks to get work permit or immigrant status.

B．Paying a certain amount of Barbadian income taxes.

C．Paying $2,000 per person, or $3,000 per family.

D．Earning at least $50,000 per family member

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．Barbados is the first to put forward the plan.

B．All healthy and wealthy people are welcome.

C．Increasing unemployment leads to an economic decline.

D．It used to be difficult for digital workers to move to Barbados.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Barbados provides a paradise to work remotely.

B．The Caribbean islands are fighting against the pandemic.

C．Office workers choose to work from the beach.

D．Working abroad becomes easier than before.

【推荐2】Scientists from Imperial College London have found that using virtual reality(VR)headsets can reduce sensitivity to pain, by immersing(沉浸)people in icy Arctic scenery. In a study published in Pain Reports, a team from Imperial used VR video to reduce people’s sensitivity to ongoing pain and sharp shooting pain.

According to the researchers, the findings add to the growing evidence for the potential of VR technology to help patients with long-term pain. Beyond the distracting effect, they think VR may actually cause the body’s own inbuilt pain-fighting systems to start working.

Dr Sam Hughes, the first author on the paper, said "Our work suggests that VR may be getting involved in processes in the key parts of our inbuilt pain-fighting systems and are helpful in regulating the spread of increased sensitivity to pain.

To test their theory, researchers applied a cream containing capsaicin(辣椒素)-the chemical that makes your mouth bum-to 15 healthy volunteers. The capsaicin makes the skin more sensitive to painful stimuli(刺激)like a very small electric shock.

In the first trial, participants were then asked to rate the pain caused by the capsaicin cream on a scale of 0-100 (from 'no pain' to 'worst pain possible' )while either watching a VR scene of Arctic exploration through a headset, or looking at a still image of an Arctic scene on a monitor. Under the same conditions, they were also asked to say when a stimulus applied directly to the skin area is considered as painful.

The team found that ongoing pain was reduced following VR immersion, and that sensitivity to painful stimuli was also reduced. However, the same effect was not seen in people who looked at still images of the polar environment.

They explain that while the findings made at the beginning are encouraging, the study is limited by the small number of healthy participants, without long-term pain. However, the researchers believe VR could hold a bright future to treat patients with long-term pain who have poor inbuilt pain fighting systems.

1. How can VR possibly help long-term pain sufferers?

A．By making their pain-fighting systems function.

B．By drawing their attention to fighting pain.

C．By controlling the spread of pain sensitivity.

D．By slowing down their brains' reaction to pain.

2. Which step comes first in their theory testing?

A．Making a capsaicin cream.

B．Putting on virtual reality headsets.

C．Applying capsaicin cream to the skin.

D．Looking at pictures on a computer screen.

3. What conclusion can be drawn from the trial?

A．Still images helped to ease people's pain.

B．VR immersion was the key factor in pain reduction.

C．Healthy people were less sensitive to VR than pain sufferers.

D．Capsaicin cream brought people more pain than electronic stimulus.

4. What does the last paragraph imply?

A．The team feels confident about future VR treatment.

B．The researchers will work on the side effect of VR.

C．VR treatment can be applied in other medical fields.

D．The trial only has an effect on short-term pain patients.

【推荐3】Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water,you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (柏油) roads?
Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.
The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground.
When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which heat several heat exchangers (交换器) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.
In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.
1. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

A．Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.

B．Large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities.

C．The Dutch engineer's system has been widely used.

D．Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.

2. For what purpose are the diving pipes used?

A．To absorb heat from the sun.

B．To store heat for future use.

C．To turn solar energy into heat energy.

D．To carry heat down below the surface.

3. From the last paragraph we can learn that __

A．some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter

B．the system can do more than warming up the building

C．the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface

D．less heat may be collected in winter than in summer

4. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

A．What we shall do if the system goes wrong .

B．What shall we do if there are no asphalt roads

C．How the system cools the building in summer .

D．How the system collects heat in spring and autumn.