If you are aiming to master anything quickly, you can learn from Albert Einstein and Richard Feynman. They offer practical advice you can use to improve your learning.
According to Einstein, improving your intellectual capacity should be fun and enjoyable-happy learners are quick learners. In 1915, he wrote a letter to his 11-year-old son (HansAlbert) who was learning the piano and said.
“I am very pleased that you find joy with the piano. This and carpentry are in my opinion for your age the best pursuits, better even than school, because those are things which fit a young person such as you very well. Mainly play the things on the piano which please you, even if the teacher does not assign those. That is the way to learn the most when you are doing something with such enjoyment that you don’t notice that the time passes.”
To learn anything faster or better choose topics you will enjoy — you have control over what you are learning. Make the learning relevant. You should be able to answer the question “Why am I learning this?” at any point.
Richard Feynman won a Nobel Prize and always wanted to know more and to learn more Known as the “Great Explainer”, he was famous for his ability to explain complex topics in simple ways.
The Feynman Technique, his approach to improving learning, features explaining or teaching what you learn to others. It can help you learn better and keep more of what you learn. According to Feynman, it is significant to have the ability to explain things simply — so simple, in fact, that you could explain it to an eight-year-old. Einstein agrees. He once said, “t you can’t explain it simply, you don’t understand it well enough.”
For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn.” said the Roman philosopher Seneca. Learners keep a greater percentage of what they learn when they explain or teach the concept to someone else, or use it immediately. Your ideas will never be more effective than your ability to-make others grasp them. When you share, you remember better.
1. Einstein wrote the letter to his son in order to________.| A．encourage Hans to play the piano well. |
| B．share some useful advice on how to play the piano. |
| C．support Hans’ learning the piano with enjoyment. |
| D．suggest Hans taking teachers seriously. |
| A．To provide advice on how to teach concepts. |
| B．To illustrate the significance of teaching others. |
| C．To impress the readers with his meaningful quotes. |
| D．To show people’s exploration of concepts in history. |
| A．Secrets of Learning Faster. | B．Benefits of Teaching Others. |
| C．Contribution of Great Explainers. | D．Importance of Learning with Enjoyment. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Conversation begins almost the moment we come into contact with another and continues throughout the day with the aid of cell phones and computers. However, we are so often absorbed in conversation that we lose sight of its true purpose and value.
One important aspect of a good conversation is the words used to express thoughts and feelings. We are full of deep thoughts and strong emotions, yet our vocabularies are not enough for this expression, and many make little effort to expand that. Perhaps you see a movie that touches you deeply, yet you have the following conversation: “So, what did you think of the film?” “Oh, my God, it was so sad. I swear, I went through using up a box of tissues. I was in tears.”This dialogue is hardly an effective way of expressing feelings. It gives no sign of how or why the movie truly affected you. Such commonly-used phrases are certainly not enough to describe a deeply moving experience. However, not only must you try to avoid overused words, you must also be careful in your selection. The purpose of expanding vocabulary is not to use the largest or most impressive words, but to find those best suited.
What is lacking in many conversations is the ability to talk to another rather than just talking with that person. A thoughtful person will find that even in the most ordinary of conversations, there are a thousand questions waiting to be asked if you have courage and a desire for change, in order to seek out the person behind the mask. Good conversations should not be made up of nonsense, but of a meeting of two sharing the human condition. It should bring a purer understanding of others and offer a release of emotions more than drive away unpleasant thoughts or kill time. If we want, we can reach beyond the superficiality(肤浅) of talking into the vast kingdom of wisdom.
1. The author used a movie as an example to show that ____________.| A．overused words can’t fully express feelings of a speaker |
| B．how and why a moving movie can deeply affect a speaker |
| C．only expanding vocabulary can describe moving experiences |
| D．the largest or most impressive words should he used by speakers |
| A．remove the mask of others | B．distrust the others’ appearance |
| C．feel doubtful about the others | D．get the hidden truth beyond words |
| A．a way to free the unpleasant or pass time | B．a desire to raise more questions |
| C．an exchange of emotions and experiences | D．a route to the kingdom of wisdom |
| A．Vocabulary in Conversations | B．Art of Conversations |
| C．Ability in Conversations | D．Importance of Conversations |
【推荐2】Are you planning to drive over a long distance? These tips for long road trips can help you get there safely and comfortably.
Store your sleep time.
Think about extreme tiredness before you begin your journey, not after. Get at least seven hours of sleep for two non-stop nights before the road trip to build up your energy reserves.
Fuel up.
Use food smells.
During long distance driving, keep peppermint(薄荷）smell nearby. When you need a help, take a sniff.
Plan your stops.
One of the most important tips for long road trips is to get out of your car and relaxed your legs every two hours or so.
Books on tapes help keep the brain active, without creating a dangerous distraction(干扰）.Breus recommends listening humorous books or even comedy CDs. Laughing will keep you awake.
| A．Make full use of it every day |
| B．Treat yourself to some sounds |
| C．Buy as many CDs as possible to kill time |
| D．Plan these stops into your long distance drive |
| E．This time, we mean fuel for you,not your car |
| F．Also, try to avoid driving between 1:00 and 3:00 pm |
| G．It has been shown to reduce tiredness and increase alertness |
【推荐3】If you’re putting together a team for a project, you might tend to pick people with cheerful, optimistic characters and flexible thinking. But a new management study indicates your team might also benefit from people who have the opposite emotions (情感), according to experts from some universities.
The study, co-authored by Jing Zhou, investigates (研究) the effects of "team affective (情感的) diversity" on team creativity. The paper is among the first research to show how, why and under what condition teams "affective diversity" promotes team creativity
Team members with what researchers call "negative affect" exhibit critical and continuous thinking that allows them to find problems needing solutions, as well as to search out and critically evaluate relevant information. On the other hand, team members with "positive affect" engage in broad and flexible thinking that expands their range of information and helps them see unusual and creative connections, the researchers say.
"At any given point of time, some team members may experience positive affect such as joy and inspiration, while others may experience negative affect such as frustration and worry," Zhou said. "Instead of trying to homogenize (使类同) team members' affect, teams should enthusiastically accept affective diversity.”
When a team experiences a high level of this "affective diversity", what Zhou describes as "dual-tuning (双调谐)" leads to greater creativity.
"Our study suggests that teams may be aided in using their affective diversity via involvements that focus on building the team's memory system, which can be accelerated when team members spend time together, share goals, receive information about member specializations and train on the task together," Zhou said.
1. What is the new management study about?| A．Teams benefit more from negative people. |
| B．People with cheerful characters make good teams |
| C．Teams only benefit from people with flexible thinking |
| D．People with negative feelings might also benefit teams. |
| A．By addressing problems more efficiently | B．By assessing related materials seriously. |
| C．By encouraging broad and complicated thinking. | D．By investigating unusual and creative connections |
| A．By balancing team members' different emotions | B．By inspiring a high level of the affective diversity. |
| C．By praising positive affect like joy and inspiration. | D．By avoiding negative affect like sadness and worry. |
| A．Use Your Team's Emotions to Promote Creativity | B．Win Great Creativity by Searching for Its Reasons |
| C．Create an Excellent Team with Optimistic People | D．Homogenize Team Members' Affect Enthusiastically |
Most American schools follow a traditional nine-month calendar. Students get winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation. Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with a few weeks off in between. The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at last count. They were spread among forty-six of the fifty states.
But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school. Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said, "Year-round schools don't really solve the problem of the summer learning setback. They simply spread it out across the year."
Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students. Experts say this can be prevented. They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.
But calling them "summer school" could be a problem. The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term summer school”. In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood. The parents welcomed other terms like "summer camp," "enrichment," "extra time" and "hands-on learning."
1. According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap.
| A．helps children to gain weight |
| B．leads children to work harder |
| C．improves children’s memories |
| D．affects children’s regular studies |
| A．perform better and have more learning gains |
| B．have much less time for relaxation every year |
| C．have generally the same number of class days |
| D．hold more classes with more free weeks off |
| A．Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation. |
| B．Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap. |
| C．There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar. |
| D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vacation. |
| A．They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much. |
| B．They are worried about the quality of the “summer school”. |
| C．They want their children to be forced to make up the gap. |
| D．They can’t afford to the further study during vacation. |
| A．Opening Summer Camps |
| B．Forbidding Summer Schools |
| C．Spreading Year-Round Education |
| D．Minding the Summer Learning Cap |
【推荐2】Is changing answers in your test a good idea?
Maybe you can answer a question in seconds. However, do not just trust your first instinct (直觉) in a test. Instincts are not about finding the truth. They are about survival. Your brain doesn’t think through most stuff in life. It just uses shortcuts (捷径) to fool yourself into thinking you know.
Do you remember how it felt to be learning something new? At first it could be complicated. There were hundreds of details that your brain needed to look out for. When you’re learning anything new, your brain is working overtime. Now imagine how you feel doing that new thing you learned before. It gets easier, right? Stuff gets easier because the brain starts creating shortcuts for decision making.
When you’re taking a test, these shortcuts are usually your first instincts. If you see an answer that instantly looks related to the question, then your brain is going to start ringing alarm bells ( “ This might be it ” ). The logical part of your brain hasn’t even come into the station and the conductor is screaming, “ All aboard! ”
Changing your answer is letting the logical part of your brain take the wheel. You are going to end up right more often than you end up wrong.
“ But my experience says otherwise! ” That’s because your experience is just another shortcut. When you’re examining your completed test, your brain probably has a shortcut of looking at your wrong answers and skipping the ones you got right. The bright red pen will direct you straight to your problem areas. That means you’re probably not getting a fair representation of your results.
When you get an answer wrong because you changed your answer, you will probably notice it. It will stand out. The bright red circle just pulls your brain in. It forces your attention to it. Since it’s a question you probably spent a minute or two on, you’ll remember why you got it wrong. When you get an answer right because you changed your answer, the opposite happens. There are no red circles directing your attention to how awesomely smart thinking twice was. It will just slide unnoticed while you let your eyes wander over other red marked areas you need to think about.
1. What will happen when you learn something new?| A．Your brain will look out for a lot of things. | B．Your first instinct will play a part. |
| C．Your brain will create shortcuts. | D．Your work time will increase. |
| A．It stops you thinking logically. | B．It replaces the function of logic. |
| C．It helps you find the right answer. | D．It fools you into getting a quick answer. |
| A．They shouldn’t trust their first instincts. |
| B．Shortcuts make a difference in their tests. |
| C．They usually change right answers to wrong ones. |
| D．Changing answers is a good idea of getting higher scores. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Supportive. | C．Critical. | D．Unclear. |
【推荐3】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Choosing to Study OverseasEvery year, thousands of students choose to study in another country for a semester (学期), the summer, or a year. Studying overseas can be an exciting experience for many people.
●
●Making the right choice. Once you decide to study overseas, you have to make some choices.To choose the right country or school, ask yourself: Where do I want to go and why? How much do I want to pay?
●Getting ready to go. Get your passport and visa early!
●Once you are there. After the first few weeks overseas, many students will feel a little homesick. They may miss their family, friends, and familiar ways of doing things.
| A．Why do it? |
| B．How long do I want to study overseas? |
| C．You should improve your mother tongue before you go. |
| D．A large number of students can’t afford to study overseas. |
| E．You will see the world in a new way and learn more about yourself. |
| F．Remember that it takes time to get used to a new place, school, and culture. |
| G．Before you go, learn some of the language, and read about some common customs in your host country. |
【推荐1】Although there are plenty of flightless bird species on Earth, the parlor roller pigeon(鸽子) is believed to be the only one selectively bred(养殖) by humans until it lost its capacity to take to the skies and developed a completely new and strange means of getting around—backflips(后空翻).
Seeing a parlor roller pigeon roll on the ground, you would think it might go crazy, but in reality, the bird is rolling on the ground because it comes naturally to it. No one knows exactly how or when the breed was created, but experts and enthusiasts assume that its origin can be traced back to the mid-19th century when someone probably encountered a specimen with a slight tendency to roll on the ground and decided it was worth emphasizing via selective breeding. It is believed that over years of selective breeding, pigeons that rolled over long distances were obtained.
The parlor roller is a common-looking pigeon that weighs about between 200 and 280 grams and comes in a variety of colors. What sets it apart from any other pigeon breed is its inability to fly, and its tendency to continuously do backflips on the ground, especially when encouraged. Interestingly, parlor rollers are physically equipped to fly and are not heavier than other pigeon breeds. Some believe they have some shortcomings in the balance centers of the brain that cause them to roll on the ground instead of flying.
Doing backflips is what these pigeons are good at and what they are bred for. Fanciers will roll them on the ground like bowling balls, just to get them started. The birds will then continue to roll for up to a few hundred feet. The current record for the longest roll sits at 662 feet.
Although parlor roller pigeons are very popular among fanciers, animal lovers consider it cruel to strengthen what they consider a disability.
1. What does the text say about the origin of the parlor roller pigeon?| A．It still remains unclear. | B．It is very misleading. |
| C．It has been proven scientifically. | D．It is of little significance. |
| A．It is especially good-looking. | B．It is physically equipped to fly. |
| C．It has a strong sense of balance. | D．It has the ability to do backflips. |
| A．Disapproving. | B．Supportive. |
| C．Indifferent. | D．Ambiguous. |
| A．Travel. | B．Art. |
| C．Nature. | D．History. |
【推荐2】“Does my smile look big in this?” Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtly adjust your reflection to make you look—and hence feel—happier, encouraging you to like what you see.
That’s the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other words, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.
The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones—that laughter comes before happiness, rather than the other way around—is a well-established idea.
The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face—as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown.
Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited 21 volunteers and asked them to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was complete, the participants rated how they felt. When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.
Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers’ emotional state would influence their preferences. Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely.
The system could be used to manipulate consumers’ impressions of products, said the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on.
“It’s certainly an interesting area,” says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. “Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging,” he says.
Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. “You could argue that if it makes people happy, what harm is it doing?” says Creed. “But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated, uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.”
1. What’s the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?| A．To see whether laughter comes before happiness. |
| B．To see whether one’s facial expressions can be altered. |
| C．To see whether one’s feeling can be unconsciously affected. |
| D．To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms. |
| A．It gave the volunteers a false image. |
| B．It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier. |
| C．It recorded the volunteers’ performance in the task. |
| D．It beautified the volunteers’ appearance in the mirror. |
| A．It only works in clothing stores. |
| B．It only makes subtle changes to people’s expressions. |
| C．It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes. |
| D．It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions. |
| A．Nothing is more important than happiness. |
| B．Technology is unable to manipulate people. |
| C．People should neglect the harm of the technology. |
| D．People should have the right to make decisions independently. |
【推荐3】“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds.... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking, spoken at a science festival in Norway in 2017, a year before his death.
Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize （移民） other planets. That way, if an asteroid （小行星）, a terrible disease, nuclear war, or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization would still have a chance. Mars is one of the ideal destinations. NASA, SpaceX, and Mars One all have plans to send humans there. “Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct,” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013.
But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars.
Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.
In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Human visitors change or damage the Martian environment. Some feel that’s too much of a risk to take.
1. What is Stephen Hawking’s view according to paragraph 1?| A．The earth is likely to blow up. |
| B．Humans are using up natural resources on Earth. |
| C．It is necessary to spread out to other planets. |
| D．We should explore our world to save ourselves. |
| A．Because there will be a nuclear war in the near future. |
| B．Because human can live better on Mars. |
| C．Because it is a way for earth civilization to last. |
| D．Because it is a way to test our space technology. |
| A．It is wiser to deal with problems on Earth. |
| B．It is easy to stop a disease outbreak. |
| C．Human will not survive on Mars. |
| D．It is impossible to set up a place for people to live on Mars. |
| A．Leaving Earth to Other Planets | B．Should We Colonize Mars? |
| C．New Home on New Planet | D．A Mar Mission Is on The Way |
【推荐1】Almost every community has some form of rules and some way of enforcing them. So why do we have rules, and what makes people follow them?
Studies have suggested that the reason we don't like rule-breaking is because fairness is programmed into our brains. Scientists have found that the brain reacts in a particular way when we feel we are being treated unfairly.A fair situation makes us feel comfortable and even happy, but unfairness causes our brains to respond with negative feelings.The study found that this a so happened when subjects saw others being treated unfairly. They concluded that fairness is one of basic human needs.
Arriving at a feeling of fairness means considering different, often conflicting, points of view. Regardless of the disagreement, people almost always need to compromise. But it can be difficult to arrive at a compromise when there are conflicting interests. This is why communities have rules that everyone must follow.
Social controls are an important factor in setting and following rules.They influence the way we be have, and can be internal (内在的) or external. Internal controls come from within and are based on our values and fears. Most of us don't steal, for example, because we believe that theft is unfair and wrong. We also don't want to disappoint our family and friends. In other words, our internal controls keep us from behaving in ways that cause conflict.
External controls include rewards and punishments. Rewards, such as job promotions and praise, are designed to encourage people to be have and actin the interest of the whole community.
Punishments, such as public embarrassment, fines, and even imprisonment can prevent people from acting against the community's best interests.
People need their communities to function smoothly.If there were no rules, most people would probably still behave positively. However, there would always be a minority who would not. This is why a society without rules is unlikely to exist.
1. What does the underlined word ''this'' in paragraph 2 refer to?| A．A program in human brains. |
| B．A comfortable situation. |
| C．The response with bad feelings. |
| D．The requirement off fairness. |
| A．To punish illegal activities. | B．To prevent disagreement. |
| C．To promote fairness. | D．To meet various demands. |
| A．Take exams honestly because cheating is shameful |
| B．Park in the right place so as not to get a parking ticket. |
| C．Pay the electricity bill on time in order not to get a late fee. |
| D．Cooperate with your classmates to win a prize for your class. |
| A．Living by the rules | B．Why communities need rules |
| C．Reaching a compromise | D．How fairness functions |
【推荐2】New Year’s resolutions(决心) have been around long enough that we all tend to stick to the same ones—hit the gym, lay off the candy, read more books, call your mother—regardless of whether we follow through with our intentions.
While January 1st seems like the perfect time to have a new start again, exactly when people developed that mindset(思维模式) isn’t common knowledge. It turns out that the modern belief of a New Year’s resolution isn’t as old as you thought. According to many historians, the ancient Babylonians were the first group of people to make New Year’s resolutions. However, instead of making a commitment to self improvement, they made a commitment to the gods to pay their debts and return any objects they had borrowed.
An ancient Roman tradition from 46 B. C, bears even more likeness to modern resolutions. Emperor Julius Caesar declared January the month of Janus. Romans believed Janus looked backwards into the previous year and ahead into the future. In his honor, they made sacrifices to the god and promises of good behavior for the coming year.
But the modern New Year’s resolution didn’t fully form until centuries later. The practice was common enough by the early 1800s. An article in 1802 states, “Statesmen have sworn to have no other object in view than the good of their country. The physicians have determined to advise the use of medicine no more than is necessary, and to he very reasonable in their fees.”
The first time “New Year’s resolution” appeared as a phrase was in the January 1st issue of a Boston newspaper in 1813. “I believe there are a lot of people,” the article goes, “with a serious determination of beginning the New Year with new resolutions and new behavior, and with the full belief that they shall accept punishment for all their former faults and wipe them away.
So as you make (and possibly fail at) your New year’s resolutions, know that you’re in good company.
1. Whose New Years resolutions were most different from the present common practice?| A．Ancient Babylonians’. | B．Ancient Romans’. |
| C．Statesmen’s in the 1800s. | D．Boston people’s in 1813. |
| A．annual incomes | B．personal ambitions |
| C．professional honesty | D．academic improvement |
| A．To encourage people to make New year’s resolutions. |
| B．To give advice on how to make New Year’s resolutions. |
| C．To compare different New year’s resolutions in history. |
| D．To introduce the development of New Year’s resolutions. |
【推荐3】Countries are failing to take the action needed to stave off the worst effects of climate change, a UN climate report has found, and the commitments made in the 2015 Paris agreement will not be met unless governments introduce additional measures as a matter of urgency.
New taxes on fossil fuels, investment in clean technology and much stronger government policies to bring down emissions are likely to be necessary. Governments must also stop subsidizing (补贴) fossil fuels, directly and indirectly, the report said.
Greenhouse gas emissions continued their long-term rise last year, according to the report, but they could be brought under control. There are promising signs, such as investment from the private sector in renewable energy and other technologies to cut carbon, but these are currently insufficient to meet scientific advice.
Global emissions have reached what the UN has called "historic levels" of 53.5 gigatonnes(十亿吨) of carbon dioxide equivalent, and are showing no signs of peaking, despite a leveling off in the past decade.
Joyce Msuya, deputy executive director of UN Environment, said: "The science is clear: for all the ambitious climate action we've seen, governments need to move faster and with greater urgency. We're feeding this fire, while the means to extinguish it are within reach. "
Last month, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) warned of the dire effects of allowing global warming to reach 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. The world has a little over a decade to bring down greenhouse gas emissions before such dangerous levels of warming become inevitable.
Only 57 countries, representing 60%of global greenhouse gas emissions, are on track to cause their emissions to peak before 2030.If emissions are allowed to rise beyond that, the IPCC has said countries are likely to breach the 1.5℃ limit, which will trigger sea-level rises, droughts, floods and other extreme weather events.
According to the Paris agreement, the first global pact to bind both developed and developing countries to a specific temperature goal, governments must do all they can to stop warming reaching 2℃ above pre-industrial levels, with an aspiration to limit warming to no more than 1.5℃.
Jian Liu, the chief scientist at UN Environment, said some of the necessary policies were clear and available, if there was political will to implement them. "When governments embrace fiscal(财政的) policy measures to subsidize low-carbon alternatives and tax fossil fuels, they can stimulate the right investments in the energy sector and significantly reduce carbon emissions. If all fossil fuel subsidies were phased out, global carbon emissions could be reduced by up to 10% by 2030."
1. Which of the following ideas is NOT included in the UN climate report?| A．Governments should stop their subsidy to the coal and petroleum industry. |
| B．The efforts made by the government showed some promising signs. |
| C．Man has been breaking the historical records of global emissions. |
| D．There is still hope for us to control Greenhouse gas emission. |
| A．The situation is dangerous and we need to do something to bring it under control. |
| B．Immediate fire-fighting measures should be taken to keep the fire under control. |
| C．We are making climate efforts but the achieved effects can be easily reversed. |
| D．To reduce emissions, we need to close down the fossil-fuel-powered plants. |
| A．It is desirable for humanity to limit the temperature rise within 1.5℃. |
| B．Countries need to control the temperature rise within 2℃ above prehistoric level. |
| C．Developed and developing countries are bound by their own temperature goals. |
| D．Disastrous climate change will be irrecoverable if we exceed the 1.5℃ limit. |
| A．upcoming | B．hazardous |
| C．crucial | D．convincing |
| A．To show a huge gap between words and deeds in fighting global warning. |
| B．To present a clear picture of how Paris agreement is implemented. |
| C．To appeal for further global commitment to avoid disastrous climate. |
| D．To warn of worsening climate caused by lack of combined human effort. |
