【推荐1】The Secret to Teen Power

The year 2019 was a year of teen power. Young people spoke up about big problems and adults began to listen.

Greta Thunberg, the seventeen-year-old Swedish schoolgirl, was perhaps the most powerful example of this teen power. At the UN Climate Action Summit in September 2019, she told world leaders, “You are ________ us(young people)” by not taking enough action against climate change. Greta gained worldwide attention for her ________ speech and outspokenness and was ________ Time magazine’s 2019 Person of the Year.

In the United States, teen groups have formed organizations to ________ politicians into changing gun laws to stop school shootings. “The adults know that we’re cleaning up their mess,” says Cameron Kasky, an 11th-grader who started the “Never Again“ movement after ________ the deadliest high school shooting in American history in 2018. ”It’s like they’re saying, ‘I’m sorry I made this ________,’ while continuing to spill soda on the floor,“ adds another survivor Emma Gonzalez.

These problems are not new and politicians have been dealing with them for years. However, as with most big problems, there are no easy solutions, and each solution may create more problems. Fighting climate change by ________ fossil fuels(化石燃料)-no more cars, airplanes or big industries-can have a ________ effect on people’s lives and even increase poverty. And prisons would fill up quickly if we locked up every person who was ________ to be a potential criminal.

Teen power is a good thing. I think adults, especially those in ________ positions, are glad that young people are getting involved and thinking of ways to improve the world. ________, it will take more than youthful passion to solve the world’s problems. At the UN Climate Change Conference in December 2019, there were a number of young Chinese ________ who, instead of just complaining about adults ”failing“ them, offered practical solutions to environmental problems. Nine-year-old Li Zilin talked about ways to protect the giant pandas in her native Sichuan Province; another young Chinese representative ________ examples of how to help farmers adapt to drought conditions in Yunnan Province.

If you are also ambitious to make the world a better place, it is imperative that you speak up when ________. But just as important is the need to grow in our learning-to study and to always remain ________. Apart from enthusiasm for bringing about change, you still need the maturity, wisdom, knowledge and skills to make good decisions.

【推荐2】It used to be an American tradition: as soon as school let out for the summer, many teens ______ their fast food uniform or grocery store apron and went to ______ at a summer job. But the ______ that seemed routine for people of the ______ is becoming a rarity.

When Pew ______ the average employment rates of ______ during summer months between 1948 and 2018, it found that the number of teens who do summer jobs has ______ in recent decades. In 1974 and 1984, over 55 percent of teens between the ages of 16 and 19 held jobs during July. ______ that number fell to just below 45 percent in 2004 — and by 2018, things were even ______, with only 31.6 percent of teens ______ during the summer.

Pew notes that the ______ a teen is, the less likely he is to ______ a job. Last summer, 20 percent of 16-and 17-year-olds had jobs and 43.6 percent of 18-and 19-year-olds were employed.

Why aren’t kids ______ more work? It’s tricky. Pew cites falling youth employment over time, but notes that other ______ like early school schedules and the rise of ______ summer internships (实习) might be to blame. And the Bureau of Labor Statistics does not ______ unpaid internships as employment, so all the teens doing internships aren’t being counted in these estimates (估算).

But ______ summer employment doesn’t just mean more time to______ with friends. It can have ______ effects on teens who don’t get a ______ to build their job skills, says Andrew Sum, a youth employment expert. He told the Pew Charitable Trusts’ Christine Vestal that for every year teens work, they can expect a 14 to 16 percent rise in their income during their twenties.

【推荐3】In American culture, I am noticing a lack of respect, especially among children. This should be treated ________ since disrespectful children will become disrespectful adults. American culture is ________ the ways of teaching respect, while other cultures have methods that Americans could learn from.

Once I spent several months in Kenya living with a Maasai family. One of their customs is the ________ that the children give the adults. When an adult approaches children, they will ________and lean their heads slightly saying “Suppa”. The adult responses by saying “Ippa” and touching their heads. This simple act shows respect for the adult. The children ________ that they are their elder who deserves respect.

Later, I worked at a children’s home in Carolina where the children were taught to respect their elders. They ________me as “Mr. Vince” and every worker there with a “Mr, Mrs, or Ms.”. However, as I talk to teachers working with children now, there seems to be a ________ in such a friendly behavior that children give adults. Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back to their teachers and ________ their authority (权威). Children ________ speak with other adults like waiters in the way as if they were close friends.

Immanuel Kant expressed two ________ attitudes still common today in Europe. One is that only humans freely choose to act on principles by ________ laws on themselves. It is this mind based on ________ that makes humans unique. Second, to learn to follow principles, a human child needs to learn to follow the laws of ________. They must practice ________ rules before they are able to practice autonomy (自主权). Kant said that “act in the way you want others to act in the situation, taking other people as persons, not ________ you use for your own goals”. Only in this way can you become a real person with intrinsic values.

【推荐1】The Human Development Report, published annually since 1990, seeks to ____ “human development” around the world and calculates a “Human Development Index” (HDI 人类发展指数) for 169 countries. The HDI is ____ on average income, life expectancy, and level of education. ____, rich countries tend to have higher HDIs than poor countries, but there are interesting ____ in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, because some have better health and education systems than others.

Almost every country in the world has a higher HDI than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis the total number of people living in extreme ____ has increased. The report concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are more ____, — and that even in countries with severe economic problems, people’s health and education have generally ____. Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile ____ human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is ____, however, of the fact that economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.

The greatest threat to HDI in the future, according to the report, is climate change. The way to increase average income in a country is through economic growth, which means increased production and ____. However, if this ____ to greater emissions of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warming will probably go faster, causing severe environmental problems in some parts of the world that will ____ the livelihoods of huge numbers of people. The progress of the last twenty years, ____, might not be sustainable .

The only solution, according to the report, is to break the ____ between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions — which, ____ to say, is easier said than done.

【推荐2】Economy rebounding after drop

China's economy experienced a sharp decline in the first quarter due to disruptions caused by the novel coronavirus outbreak, but major economic indicators improved substantially in March, indicating the country's recovery has gained a firmer footing, officials and economists said on Friday.

Supportive government policies are expected to intensify in the coming quarters to expand ________ demand by stimulating investment and consumption as the global spread of the virus may bring more headwinds to the world's second-largest economy.

China's GDP in the first quarter ________ by 6.8 percent from a year earlier, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.

________ it remains unclear whether the government will still set a GDP growth target for the year, economists said China's policy priority for the next step needs to focus on stimulating demand and stabilizing employment to ________ a sustainable economic recovery.

More proactive fiscal policies and more accommodative monetary policies are needed to prevent the economy from experiencing a second wave of ________ caused by the global economic downturn amid the COVID-19 outbreak, they added.

The country's industrial production shrank by 8.4 percent year-on-year(与上年同期相比) in the first quarter, but the decline narrowed from a 13.5 percent drop in the first two months, according to the NBS.

Fixed-asset investment, which includes infrastructure and real estate investment, declined by 16.1 percent year-on-year during the first quarter, compared with a 24.5 percent plunge in the first two months.

The outbreak created a severe ________ to the country's economy in the first quarter, but major economic ________ rebounded in March and the country's economic performance will improve further in the second quarter, NBS spokesman Mao Shengyong said at a news ________ in Beijing on Friday.

The government will ________ policy support to expand domestic demand by increasing effective investment and releasing consumption ________. More tax relief and financial aid will be offered to businesses to help them ________ production and make it through the difficult times, Mao said.

The Chinese stock market rose on Friday with the benchmark(基准) Shanghai Composite Index(综合指标) up by 0.66 percent to close at 2,838.49 points as the first-quarter economic shrink was ________ in line with investors' expectations.

Lian Ping, chief economist at Zhixin Investment, said the government needs to intensify policy support to prevent the economy from suffering one more time from the global economic downturn and possible collapse of ________ demand.

Chinese companies, including exporters, have seen an increase in ________ of orders. While most large enterprises have started production again, according to NBS calculations, many smaller companies are still struggling to go back to work under rising financial difficulties and ________ shortages.

"As overseas demand is shrinking dramatically, China's policy focus in the future should be on expanding domestic demand, and consumption is the most important area. More favorable policies are needed to stimulate consumption in durable goods including houses and automobiles," Lian said.

【推荐3】Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition ________ may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to ________.

Then there is television. The vast majority of television ads today consist of brief advertising spots, ____ in length from a few seconds to several minutes. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit through three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been ________ 360,000 TV ads. Television advertises in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools.

Major sporting events are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed ________. Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisements. One top-ranking basketball player earned $3.9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to ________ their products.

There is no escape. Commercial ads are ________ on walls, buses, and trucks. They ________ the inside of taxis and subways --even the doors of public toilets. _________ messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevators --and ________ we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to ________ the junk mail.

________ Insiders’ Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated amount of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have soared to $411.6 billion for 1997 and $434.4 billion for 1998. Big money.

What is the ________ of all of this? One analyst put it this way: “Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell ________ than products. They sell images, values, goals, ________ of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior.”

13.

A．effect

B．affect

C．result

D．purpose

【推荐2】Every year, almost 2 million Americans are injured while they’re ________ work. Every day, 240 are killed on the job. The ________ job is cutting down trees. Being a policeman is safer than many jobs, including driving a truck, collecting garbage and ________ airplanes. One of the safest jobs is being a librarian.

The government inspects (检查) most factories and offices. Employers have to ________ fines if their factories or offices are unsafe. In California, employers often go to prison if one of their workers is killed because a factory didn’t ________ safety measures. But President Bush cut down the number of government inspectors ________ 15 percent. Many people say working is less safe ________.

For women workers, the greatest danger so far is murder. Forty-two percent of all ________ who die at work were killed. Many of them work as clerks in stores ________ they are by themselves at night. Experts say they can protect themselves by putting the cash desk in full ________ of the street.

The numbers of deaths and accidents at work don’t take into consideration people who become sick from ________ that they are exposed to at work. Doctors don’t know ________ some chemicals cause illness.

There are no government rules for many new chemicals.

Inspectors say employers ________ their backs on safety problems because they don’t want to pay the bill for fixing them. They also say some workers don’t want to complain about dangers because they may ________ their jobs.

The government should force business to improve safety. There’s no excuse for workers dying or ________ in an accident that could have been prevented.

【推荐3】Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It ________ our happiness when we are cheerful, and lessens our ________ when we are sad. A good book may absorb our attention so ________ that for the time being we forget our ________.

Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, good books should never fail to give us ________. With a good book in our hands we will never be ________. Whether the characters in the book are taken from real life or are purely________, they may become our companions and make us laugh. The people we meet in books may ________ us either because they are similar to our close friends or because they present ________ types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes ________ us, but the friends we make in books will always respect us. By turning the pages we can ________ them without any fear of hurting their feeling. When our human friends ________ us, good books are always there to give us sympathy and encouragement.

One of the most valuable gifts from books is ________. Few of us can travel far from home. ________ all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. When we wish to ________ from the dull realities of everyday life, a book will help us when ________ else can. To travel by book we don’t have to ________ and save a lot of money. Through books we may get the thrill of adventure without________. We can climb high mountains or cross the hot sands of the desert. ________, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The ________ of our literary experiences are almost unlimited.