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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.85 引用次数:659 题号:12921716

What makes people so special? Tool use, self-consciousness, language, and culture are high on the list, but in fact all of these characteristics can be found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas (大猩猩) have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes. But the qualities that we often think of as uniquely human exist not just on land, but in the ocean as well.

Among the invertebrates, octopuses (八爪鱼) are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness, tool use, and personality. But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social- group-based predators, and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness.

Culture depends on the ability of animals to pass on things they have learned to others. Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations (especially in females), with some families- grandmother, mother, and daughter - all feeding in this highly specialized way.

Another characteristic that dolphins share with humans is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror. When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark.

1. The example of gorillas rejecting carrots shows they ________.
A.are not easy to fool
B.prefer fruit to vegetables
C.have a special taste for food
D.have an awareness of equality
2. What do octopuses lack compared with dolphins?
A.Social interaction.B.Intelligence.
C.Tool using ability.D.Fun-loving spirits.
3. What makes dolphin culture special?
A.They tend to hunt in groups.
B.Their hunting skills are passed down.
C.Their learning environment is favourable.
D.Their families are typically female-controlled.
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Dolphins enjoy looking at their own reflection in the mirror.
B.Dolphins are as intelligent as a typical 18-month-old human baby.
C.Dolphins are generally regarded as the most advanced non-human species.
D.Dolphins’ ability to recognize their own reflection is a higher-order mental skill.

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阅读理解-阅读单选(约410词) | 较易 (0.85)
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是关于须鲸的鼻孔的相关知识。

【推荐1】Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen (鲸须) whales, such as humpback and Rice whales, have two.

Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间).

Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering (过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory bulb—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales.

Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.

The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale, have nostrils that are farther apart than do those, such as humpback whales, that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.

1. What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs?
A.They are adapted ones.B.They are developed merely for smell.
C.They are not easy to detect.D.They are fixed universally in numbers.
2. What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton?
A.The teeth that baleen whales have.
B.The smell that phytoplankton send.
C.The sound waves that zooplankton create.
D.The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.
3. How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4?
A.By quoting a theory.B.By using examples.
C.By making contrast.D.By making inferences.
4. What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph?
A.The sense of smell.B.The possibility to attract food.
C.The ability to locate food.D.The ability to communicate.
2024-04-08更新 | 908次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约300词) | 较易 (0.85)
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【推荐2】Nola (August 21, 1974 -November 22, 2015) was a northern white rhino who lived at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park near Escondido, California. At her death, she was one of only four remaining northern white rhinos in the world. The other three lived in Kenya. World Rhino Day, held on September 22, is to raise awareness(意识)of the less than 30,000 other rhinos left on Earth.

“Rhinos need our help today, not tomorrow. "Nola's lead keeper Jane Kennedy said. "Last year we lost over 1,200 rhinos just in South Africa. If we continue to lose more than 1,000 rhinos a year, in 10 to 20 years all the rhinos on the earth will be gone."

Unfortunately, most animals are in danger of dying out because of humans. Kennedy says, “Humans have either poached (偷猎)animals, or because there are over seven billion of us, we've taken up too much of the world's resources." Poachers illegally hunt rhinos for their horns (角).They sell the horns for thousands of dollars per pound, to be used for art, jewelry, and decorations. Experts believe that one rhino is poached every eight hours.

In 1975, the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research started the Frozen Zoo, a program through which researchers have collected cell samples(细胞样品)from more than 8,000 different types of animals, including the northern white rhino. Scientists hope that by studying the rhino cells, they will get greater understanding of it, and will find ways to increase its numbers.

At the San Diego Zoo, children and adults are welcome to visit and speak with zookeepers to learn about rhinos. For more information, go to www.worldrhinoday.org.

1. What is the purpose of setting up a World Rhino Day?
A.To honor a rhino named Nola.
B.To draw people's attention to rhino protection.
C.To let people know the importance of wildlife protection.
D.To tell people there are still a great number of rhinos left on Earth.
2. What can we infer from paragraph 2?
A.Rhinos will die out soon.
B.The number of rhinos is increasing.
C.Rhinos are under good protection.
D.Immediate action should be taken to protect rhinos.
3. What's the main cause for the decrease of rhinos, according to Kennedy?
A.Human beings' technology.B.The limited natural resources.
C.The pollution of the environment.D.Diseases found on their horns.
4. In which part of a newspaper can you read such a passage?
A.Science.B.Sports.C.Education.D.Business
2021-02-04更新 | 96次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约300词) | 较易 (0.85)
文章大意:本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了两个保护野生动物的志愿项目及他们对志愿者的要求。

【推荐3】Successful wildlife conservation goes hand in hand with community education and engagement. Volunteers work with community leaders and schools to share their passion for conservation and the environment.


Rhino Conservation in Zimbabwe

The project is home to an internationally renowned Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme which has supported Zimbabwe’s rhino population since the mid 1980s. To date, 20 rhinos have been born at the conservancy, with 12 rhinos successfully released back into the wild. Volunteers play a role in securing the future of this once-again endangered animal, working alongside anti-poaching rangers (反偷猎护林员), working on rhino research projects and getting involved in the daily care of both black and white rhino.

Our Rhino Conservation Programme is a unique hands-on opportunity to get behind the scenes and experience day-to-day life on a private conservancy, and be involved with the protection and conservation of Zimbabwe’s endangered black rhino.

The aim of the programme is to assist the reserve’s established Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme, collect meaningful data and information relating to rhino and wildlife conservation and animal behaviour, and engage with the local community about wildlife conservation.


Cheetah (猎豹) Conservation

In 2021, two captive-born male cheetah were introduced to the conservancy as part of an international rewilding programme. The cheetah are now free-wandering in the reserve, and volunteers play an important role in monitoring and observing their behaviour, tracking their movements and recording their hunting rate.


Volunteer Work

Volunteers contribute to a long-term conservation project and get involved with a variety of conservation activities:

·Work alongside rhinos, cheetah and elephants

·Conservancy management

·Wildlife monitoring

·Anti-poaching patrols and snare sweeps

·Educate school-children about conservation, wildlife and the environment

·Learn about what is involved in running a conservancy

1. What can we say about Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme?
A.Its work pays off.B.It is limited to Zimbabwe.
C.It is home to two cheetah.D.It has a history of 50 years.
2. What should be recorded about the cheetah?
A.Their birth rate.B.Their hunting rate.
C.Their area of activity.D.Their sleep schedule.
3. Who are likely to apply for the volunteer work?
A.Those who live outside Zimbabwe.
B.Those who prefer to work at home.
C.Those who like engaging with animals.
D.Those who would like to make a fortune.
2024-02-18更新 | 47次组卷
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