Today’s students have a problem. They were born into a world where technology, smartphones, and immediate access to the Internet are hurting their ability to focus and changing the way they think.
Now teachers have a problem too. They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking regular breaks. Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how education should evolve for digital-native students?
A common idea among teachers is that short is good. When students can’t seem to pay attention to long lectures, many teachers simply break lessons into smaller patterns. In fact, students need time to engage with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on. Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable comprehension.
There are also teachers who begin classes with meditation (深思) exercises to help their students focus. However, it turns out that any sort of “tech breaks” could counteract strong desires to multi task.
A 2018 study found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from physical books. They prefer video as a source of information second only to teachers. Therefore, some tech-forward teachers choose platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. Asha Choksi, vice-president of global research at Pearson, gives the example of a teacher who films himself performing a science experiment and posts it to YouTube. When it is time for class, he uses the video to illustrate material in the textbook, which can seem boring to students.
Still, while those educators are embracing technology in the classroom to meet student’s needs, they also find value in traditional methods, and so suggest a “blended (混合的) learning” approach. Direct instruction from them will never be replaced in their classes. Technology will be favored only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Digital natives will continue to eagerly adopt new media. Teachers have no choice but to evolve. They are making an effort not only to ensure that students can take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them think in a world constantly trying to distract them. Think of the Zuckerbergs, the Gates, the Jobs and all those pioneers in the tech world. They became successful not because they could code (编程); it was because they could think.
1. What does the underlined word “counteract” in paragraph 4 probably mean?| A．Motivate. | B．Reduce. | C．Compensate. | D．Influence. |
| A．Teachers adopt short lectures, small lessons, which could be hard to understand sometimes. |
| B．Teachers employ meditation exercises to help students concentrate on class, which is of little effect. |
| C．Students aged between 10 and 24 don’t prefer physical books, so YouTube and Instagram may be a good choice. |
| D．Students aged between 10 and 24 prefer videos to teachers, so using videos to explain textbooks is a popular way. |
(1). the conventional way of teaching remains unchallenged
(2). technology is a useful supplement to textbooks
(3). material in the textbook is too boring to most students
(4). teachers want to change their traditional teaching methods
| A．(1)(2) | B．(2)(3) | C．(3)(4) | D．(1)(4) |
| A．to share as much knowledge with students as possible |
| B．to encourage students to make full use of new technologies |
| C．to help students develop their ability to think critically and creatively |
| D．to instruct students to limit their use of smart phones and social media |
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【推荐1】Despite the popularity of school spelling competitions, adults in the US performed poorly in a survey comparing how English speakers on both sides of the Atlantic deal with commonly misspelt words.
Sixty-two percent of Americans got “embarrassed” wrong, against 54 percent of Britons who struggled with the word in a survey last year. Adults in the US performed less well on most of the ten words tested, including millennium (52 percent wrong, against 43 percent in the UK), liaison (61 percent to 54 percent) and “accommodation” (42 percent to 36 percent). Only “definitely” and “friend” were spelt correctly by more Americans.
Jack Bovill of the Spelling Society, which sponsored (发起) the research, said the high inaccuracy rates in both countries showed the need for the English spelling system to be modernized. “When asked, only a quarter of adults thought they had a problem with spelling. The answers in the test prove that this is far from the case”, he said. “What is holding the UK and the USA back is the irregular spelling system.”
Professor Edward Baranowski, one academic consultant for the project, said, “We have different spellings for the same sound, and a system which reflects how English was spoken in the 13th to 15th centuries, not how it is spoken today. So many sound changes have occurred in the language, which is not reflected in modern spelling, that we are left with a ‘fossilized (僵化的)’ system.”
The study found that 40 percent of the respondents would support updating words that caused problems while 16 percent opposed the idea. And 31 percent said it didn’t matter.
The US survey involving a sample of 1,000 adults was carried out online by Ipsos MORI last month, with the method based on a survey of 1,000 Britons in April last year.
1. The second paragraph is developed ________.| A．by space |
| B．by explanation |
| C．by time |
| D．by comparison |
| A．success | B．error | C．correctness | D．growth |
| A．most of the Americans can spell correctly |
| B．there are more people having spelling problems |
| C．adults perform worse in spelling than kids |
| D．it is difficult to create a new spelling system |
| A．spelling should represent the sound of words |
| B．we should learn how English was spoken centuries ago |
| C．different countries should have different spellings |
| D．sound changes have nothing to do with spelling |
| A．Who is responsible for our spelling |
| B．The English language to be blamed |
| C．Americans embarrassed by their spellings |
| D．Words needed to be modernized |
【推荐2】Everyone likes to feel that he or she is special. Unfortunately, many of us grow up believing that we’re not special at all. We wish that we could be better at sports or more attractive. We wish we had nicer clothes or more money. Like the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, or the Cowardly Lion from The Wizard of Oz, we believe we’re not good enough just as we are. In the movie, the Scarecrow wishes that he had a brain. The Tin Man wishes he had a heart, and the Lion wants courage. In the end, each of them realizes that he already has what he needs.
Most parents want us to be the best we can be. They sometimes try to encourage us to do better by comparing us to others. They mean well, but the message we often get is that we’re not good enough. We begin to believe that the only way we can be special is by being better than someone else, but we are often disappointed. There will always be someone out there who is better than we are at something. There are plenty of people around who may not be as smart as we are but who are better at sports. Or they may not be as good looking, but they have more money. So it is unfeasible for us to be better than everyone else all the time.
Like the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion, we all want. what we believe will make us better people. What we don’t realize is that often we already have inside us the very things that we seek. Parents sometimes forget to tell us that we are special, that we are good enough just as we are. Maybe no one told them when they were growing up, or maybe they just forgot. Either way, it’s up to us to remind. them from time to time that each of us, in our own way, is special. What we are is enough.
1. By discussing the characters in The Wizard of Oz, the writer mainly wants to show __________.| A．we could be more attractive | B．we want to be the best we can be |
| C．we are not good enough just as we are | D．we already have inside us what we want |
| A．Important. | B．Impossible. | C．Unlucky. | D．Unhappy. |
| A．teacher | B．parent | C．teenager | D．coach |
【推荐3】Cosplayers can invest considerable time, money and effort into making best head-to-toe presentations that are one-of-a-kind. But what inspires cosplayers to present themselves with so many detailed artistic designs? Psychologists try to reveal the facts through research.
When a cosplayer selects a particular costume, he/she is often getting inside a specific character—or combination of characters—because something about that role speaks to them personally, according to Robin S. Rosenberg, a clinical psychologist at the University of California, San Francisco.
Batman, for example, can be an especially meaningful cosplay choice for someone coping with trauma. The dark superhero faced destructive trauma when he was a child—witnessing the cruel and violent murder of his parents—which he overcame to become a hero. “When people are dressed as Batman, many talk about having experienced their own traumatic experiences,” Rosenberg said. “He survived and found meaning and purpose from his experience, and that is inspiring to them.”
Rosenberg noted that Wonder Woman is another popular choice which calls up many women’s feelings, partly because she holds her own in the male-dominated world of costumed comics superheroes. “For those cosplayers, dressing as Wonder Woman is a way of celebrating and embracing her power,” Rosenberg said.
Cosplay is a type of performance, which frequently moves strangers to approach the character for conversation and photos. So it surprised Rosenberg to discover that many cosplayers were identified as introverts. “When they wore a costume, they became much more socially outgoing,” Rosenberg said. She explained that, sometimes, wearing a costume allows a person to obtain confidence they didn't know they had, and helps them overcome shyness in real life.
“When you do any kind of costuming—but particularly cosplay—on the one hand, it gives you permission to step outside yourself,” Rosenberg said. “But on the other hand, it can bring out something in you that doesn’t usually come out.”
1. What does Rosenberg try to convey in Paragraph 2?| A．Cosplayers have a special liking for costumes. |
| B．Cosplayers play different roles within one day. |
| C．Cosplayers have nothing to do but talk to themselves. |
| D．Cosplayers express themselves through costumes. |
| A．childhood abuse | B．need to repair personal difficulties |
| C．gender inequality | D．eagerness to defeat other people |
| A．Cosplayers changed their personality once in costumes. |
| B．Cosplayers couldn’t wait to socialize when costumed. |
| C．Many cosplayers attracted strangers to talk with them. |
| D．So many cosplayers were considered as pessimistic people. |
| A．Devotion to cosplay | B．People in costumes |
| C．Batman or Wonder Woman | D．Psychology behind cosplay |
【推荐1】The computer keyboard helped kill shorthand—a system of rapid handwriting, and now it' s threatening to finish off handwriting as a whole. When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2011, just 15% of the most 1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive (草写字母). The rest? Block letters.
And those college hopefuls are just the first edge of a wave of US students who no longer get much handwriting instructions in the primary grades, frequently 10 minutes a day or less. As a result, more and more students struggle to read and write cursive.
At Keene Mill Elementary School in Springfield, all their poems and stories are typed. Children in Fairfax County schools are taught keyboarding beginning in kindergarten. Older students who never mastered handwriting say it doesn't affect their grades.
There are those who say the culture is at a crossing, turning from the written word to the typed one. If handwriting becomes a lost form of communication, does it matter?
It was at University of Virginia that researchers recently discovered a previously unknown poem by Robert, written in his unique script. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity can be confirmed. Students also find them more fascinating.
The loss of handwriting also may be a cognitive opportunity missed. Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better-a lifelong benefit.
It doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills. At some schools in Prince George' s County, elementary school students use a program called Handwriting Without Tears for 15 minutes a day. They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade, and cursive letters in third grade.
There are always going to be some kids who struggle with handwriting because of their particular neurological wiring, learning issues or poor motor skills. Educators often point to this factor in support of keyboarding.
1. What is the author concerned about after 2011 SAT exams?| A．Keyboarding. | B．Shorthand. | C．Handwriting. | D．Block letters. |
| A．prove how valuable handwriting is | B．explain what a famous poet he is |
| C．show how unique his poem is | D．stress how fascinating the documents are |
| A．the schools are responsible for the loss of handwriting |
| B．the loss of handwriting is a cognitive opportunity missed |
| C．it doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills |
| D．the culture is turning from the written word to the typed one |
| A．Kindergarten. | B．Primary school. | C．High school. | D．College. |
【推荐2】In today's information age, it's nearly impossible to avoid using social media. According to USA Today, even American universities are increasingly using social media as a learning tool. Their goal is to teach students how to use social media professionally.
Jade Johnson is taking an upperlevel advertising course at the University of North Carolina Wilmington. For the class, he has had to organize and promote a contest via Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, channels that are commonly used by advertising firms.
''A lot of times students prefer not to use certain social media, but are forced to because of the class，'' says Jade.
Some students may be reluctant to create an account, but Jade says that it was helpful because social media skills mean better job opportunities in today's world.
More college classes are appearing that are designed specially to teach students about social media, offering them a different look into something they may use on a daily basis.
Jenna Kapsis, a senior at William Paterson University, was required to post two Tweets on Twitter and one update on Facebook per week in her Digital and Social Media Communication class. The course had a specific Facebook page where students would create discussion groups and post links.
''Some of the topics included social media manners, online marketing and current events，'' Kapsis says.
As technology continues to develop, colleges and universities will likely continue to find ways to combine it into their teaching. Whether it's to create discussion groups, carry out plans, or communicate with students, professors are ensuring that students can see the potential of mastering social media platforms.
1. According to Jade, what's the benefit of social media skills?| A．Improving students' learning efficiency. |
| B．Offering students a different look into things. |
| C．Contributing to the possibility of acquiring good jobs. |
| D．Bettering the communication between teachers and students. |
| A．Most students are reluctant to use social media. |
| B．Social media skills are difficult for students to master. |
| C．Social media skills have been expanded to some courses. |
| D．The learning of social media skills is a heavy burden for students. |
| A．Creating discussion groups. |
| B．Doing some experiments. |
| C．Carrying out plans. |
| D．Communicating with students. |
| A．Because it can enhance the universities' competitiveness. |
| B．Because it will improve the universities' teaching quality. |
| C．Because it will help professors carry out researches more easily. |
| D．Because it will be of vital importance in this hitech society. |
【推荐3】As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments prove, kids need rules. Yet how parents make demands can powerfully influence a child’s social skills, psychologists at the University of Virginia recently found after the conclusion of a study investigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood.
Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys, including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies, such as inducing guilt or threatening to withdraw affection. The kids rated, for example, how typical it would be for Dad to suggest that “if I really cared for him, I would not do things that caused him to worry”or for Mom to become “less friendly when I did not see things her way. ”
The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21, asking the young adults to bring along a close friend and, later, a romantic partner if they had one. These pairs were asked to answer hypothetical (假设的) questions that were purposefully written to inspire a difference of opinion. “We wanted to see whether they could navigate a disagreement in a healthy way, ” says study leader Barbara Oudekerk, now at the U. S. Department of Justice’s bureau of statistics.
In the October issue of Child Development, Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents struggled in friendly disagreements at age 18. They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comparison to the kids without controlling parents. And when they did speak up, they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways.
The researchers suspect that pushy parents ruin their child’s ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships. Although parents do need to set boundaries, domineering strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself. Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future arguments.
The consequences of tense or domineering relationships appear to get worse with time. This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21. Psychologist Shmuel Shulman of Bar-Ilan University in Israel, who did not participate in the work, thinks these conclusions convincingly reveal how relationship patterns “carry forward” into new friendships.
1. What will happen to the teenagers with pushy parents?| A．They lose social skills. |
| B．They have trouble presenting opinions. |
| C．They express themselves in an aggressive way. |
| D．They fail to inspire a difference of opinion. |
| A．alternative |
| B．conservative |
| C．powerful |
| D．forceful |
| A．communicate with children when setting rules |
| B．learn new ways to establish new friendships |
| C．seek more controlling strategies |
| D．help children develop abilities to follow rules |
【推荐1】Just as with any other subject,people who learn sign language are learning a new skill and using their brains to do this,thus expanding their minds in a new field.
A research has been carried out which proves that deaf children who learn sign language at an early age are more likely to do well academically. This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them. However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words,but a complicated language system, just as the English which is used in this article. Thus, children who learn sign language have already learn about the way language works and is made up,which will help in future studies especially if they decide to learn to speak English, or any other spoken language.
A deaf child who can use sign language develops a sense of identity, This will lead to a happier and more confident child because they know their place in the world is secure
Again,for non-deaf children and adults who learn sign language,the academic advantages spread into social and cultural ones. Learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for those people, as they are able lo converse(交流)with someone whose peers may struggle to do so. And the skills of language learning are easily transferable into learning other languages but also into other academic pursuits.
There can be no doubt that learning sigh languages a useful attempt for anyone—whether they are deaf or non-deaf. The social and cultural advantages should not be taken lightly. And, especially with children, learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more --volunteering and other such work. They can be taught to hug all people regardless of their differences.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?| A．Causes of deaf children losing their hearing. |
| B．Approaches to helping deaf children recover. |
| C．Difficulties of deaf children in their language study |
| D．Academic advantages of deaf kids learning sign language. |
| A．It makes a deaf child more humorous. |
| B．It gives a deaf child a sense of belonging. |
| C．It provides a deaf child with a life without danger. |
| D．It helps a deaf child perform well in building up their body. |
| A．Socially responsible. | B．Slightly imperfect. |
| C．Extremely intelligent. | D．Financially successful. |
| A．A news report. | B．A book review. |
| C．A travel brochure. | D．An education magazine. |
【推荐2】“Happy New Year!” Everyone will greet each other with these words as they meet over the next couple of weeks. But it wasn’t always January l that marked the New Year.
At least 4,000 years ago the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians marked the changing of the year. In Egypt, the year started when the Nile River flooded, enriching farmers’ fields with silt. This happened at the end of September.
The Babylonians held a festival in spring, on March 23, to kick off the next farming cycle. The Babylonian celebration lasted for 11 days.
The date January l was picked by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar as the change of the year when he established his own calendar in 46 BC. The month of January was named after the Roman god, Janus. He is pictured with two heads. One head looks forward and the other back. They represent a break between the old and new. That new calendar was in time with the sun and it has been used until the present day.
Around the world, different cultures have their own traditions for welcoming the New Year. The Japanese hang straw rope across the front of their houses to keep out evil spirits and bring happiness and good luck. They also have a good laugh as the year begins to get things started on a lucky note.
In India people like to wear pink, red ,purple and white flowers. Women favor yellow, the color of spring. Hindus also leave shrines next to their beds so they see beautiful objects when they wake up.
Canadians enjoy the traditional polar bear swim. People of all ages put on their swimsuits and jump into frozen lakes.
1. Which ancient country has a great effect on the New Year we are celebrating now?| A．Egypt. | B．Rome. | C．Babylon. | D．India. |
| A．In different countries people celebrate the New Year in different ways |
| B．People in different countries celebrate the New Year in different times of the year. |
| C．Which country has the best tradition for welcoming the New Year? |
| D．In different countries people play different games to celebrate the New Year. |
| A．Everyone will greet each other with “Happy New Year” for several months. |
| B．Women favor yellow flowers in Japan when they celebrate the New Year. |
| C．Canadians like swimming in the lake to celebrate the New Year though it is very cold. |
| D．Human beings have been celebrating the New Year for no more than 4. 000 years. |
【推荐3】According to a recent report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers. Similarly, people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size. We have reached the point of recognizing the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to dealing with this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in much easier ways.
In 2022, a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would attract younger and more diverse audience. It offers an access to art history with conversations on different topics. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion.
More traditional organizations are paying attention. Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. To their amazement, users displayed incredible creativity and involvement. This reaction set an example for other museums and galleries, proving that there is a potential desire for the audience to connect with art topics if the type of activity is appealing. Since many people feel intimidated and think that it requires a base level of understanding to join the conversation, the Getty Museum serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.
Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers, which proves that there is hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.
1. What challenge is the author trying to deal with?| A．People doubt a great diversity of artworks. |
| B．Fewer and fewer young people go to museums. |
| C．Art appears too distant from common audience. |
| D．Adult audience has a different understanding of art. |
| A．They should recognize the disconnection between art and the audience. |
| B．They should make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way. |
| C．They should change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge. |
| D．They should limit the number of storytellers both in and out of organizations. |
| A．Tired. | B．Annoyed. | C．Surprised. | D．Worried. |
| A．They feel satisfied with current museums and galleries. |
| B．They lack the channels to understand and talk about art history. |
| C．They refuse to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories. |
| D．They would rather view artworks and hear art stories on social media. |
【推荐1】When building houses, people used to think about not only the climate of the areas but also the building materials and the fashions for their houses. However, since electricity became more and more expensive, people began to pay much more attention to the energy they could get for their houses and the new ways they could find to protect their houses from both cold and heat.
Now, houses of an old yet new type have been widely built. In some parts of the world, people share their houses with their livestock(家禽). During cold weather, they gather their cows, goats, or other animals and keep them on the first floor of their houses. The reasons are that the animals can be protected from the cold and that they can help to heat the houses as well. The body heat given off by the animals rises to the second floor of the houses, where people live in. By sharing their houses with their livestock, people gain a source of heat.
People who live in or near cities do not usually keep livestock. However, home builders use the fact that heat rises. This natural law can be used in building houses in these areas. Instead of keeping livestock on the first floor, builders fill it with large rocks. As they are open to the sun’s rays during cold weather, these rocks take in heat. They also give off the heat, and, of course, the warm air rises into the living areas of the houses. So these houses are energy-saving.
House-building becomes a great challenge to building designers and energy engineers. They try to meet this challenge by learning from old traditions and by using modern technology. And someday in the future, people will be able to live in more energy-saving houses.
1. What did people begin to consider as electricity was no longer cheap?| A．The climate of their areas. |
| B．The fashions for their houses. |
| C．The energy for their houses. |
| D．The building materials for their houses. |
| A．heat goes in the upward direction |
| B．heat raises the temperature in the houses |
| C．heat goes up if temperature is raised |
| D．heat increases the temperature of rocks |
| A．people will no longer consider building materials in the future |
| B．energy- saving buildings will become more popular in the future |
| C．almost all people will move into the houses heated by large rocks |
| D．energy engineers will devote themselves only to modern technology |
The McGaritys have money, but they are show-offs with it. The McGarity girl just yesterday stood out there in the street eating from a bag of cookies while a ring of hungry children watched her. I saw those children looking at her and crying in their hearts, and when she couldn't eat any more, she threw the rest down the sewer(阴沟).
Miss Jackson who teaches at the Settlement House isn't rich, but she knows things. She understands people. Her eyes look straight into yours when she talks with you. Everybody else here looks away because they're ashamed of their lives. I'd like to see the children would be like Miss Jackson when they grew up.
1. The writer's family is the poorest one on that street.
2. The McGarity girl is characterized as rich and nice.
3. The writer thinks Miss Jackson is an example her children should follow.
4. The writer wants to move out of that district.
5. Watching the rich girl eating cookies, those hungry children cried.
【推荐3】You have just won ten million yuan in a lottery （彩票） - how would you spend it? Before you know it, ten minutes had gone on daydreaming.There is a time and a place for daydreaming, but we don't have much control over that.Isn't it worrying that an estimated 30 to 50 percent of our waking time is spent daydreaming? What if your dentist is having that lottery daydream while removing your rotten tooth?
Some studies suggest daydreaming makes us unhappy because we are not focusing on what is around us but are instead thinking about the past or future.However, a recent study published in the journal Neuropsychologica finds that mind-wandering can be of benefit to us.The researchers measured the brain patterns of more than 100 people using an MRI （核磁共振成像） scanner.This data was compared with tests on creative ability and a questionnaire on how much their minds usually wandered.Those whose minds wandered the most scored higher in creative ability tests and had more efficient brain systems measured in the MRI machine.
Being efficient at mind-wandering means you can zone out and then naturally switch back in without missing any important point or step. Christine Godwin, the lead author of the latest study from the Georgia Institute of Technology, says that if you are focusing on difficult tasks, your performance will drop if your mind wanders. “But when tasks are easy, people who have high cognitive ability can let their minds wander because it does not affect their performance. You may be thinking about upcoming goals or problem-solving. These are some of the positive sides to mind-wandering.”
Mind-wandering can vary between being more practical or more emotional. What mind-wandering seems to be best at, researchers say, is coming up with new solutions to old problems. So, it's not always a waste of time!
1. The first paragraph serves as a（n）______ .| A．explanation | B．introduction |
| C．comment | D．background |
| A．daydreaming makes us unhappy |
| B．we are focusing on the past or future |
| C．mind-wandering is related to creative ability |
| D．MRI scanner is helpful in measuring the brain patterns |
| A．get distracted. | B．focus on. |
| C．be affected | D．have control. |
| A．Mind-wandering might be dangerous. |
| B．Daydreaming might bring benefits. |
| C．Mind-wandering is not a waste of time. |
| D．Daydreaming is hard to be controlled. |
