Every year a community in some part of the world is destroyed by flooding. Indeed, flooding can happen anywhere it rains.There is hope, however. Architects and civil engineers have developed promising technologies for flood control. And yes, engineering can be beautiful.
The Thames Barrier in England
The Thames Barrier is the second largest flood defence barrier in the world. Made of steel, water gates on the Thames Barrier are normally left open so ships can pass through. Then, as needed, the water gates shut to stop water flowing through and to keep the Thames River safe. The Thames Barrier has 10 steel gates. The main gates stand as high as a 5-storey building. Each main gate weighs 3,300 tonnes. The Thames Barrier gates were constructed between 1974 and 1984 and have been closed to prevent floods more than 100 times.
Red Sluice Gate in Japan
To protect areas on the coast and along Japan’s rapidly-flowing rivers, the nation’s engineers have developed a complex system of canals and flood-gate locks(水闸). Red Sluice Gate was designed in 1924 by a Japanese architect who also worked on the Panama Canal. It is powered by automated "water-drive" motors. Such motors don’t need electricity to run, so they aren’t affected by power failures that can occur during storms. It contributed greatly to preventing floods until 1982 when a new sluice gate was completed. The Red Sluice Gate was no longer used but remains an impressive sight.
The Hagestein Weir in the Netherlands
Completed in about 1960, the Hagestein Weir is one of three movable dams, along the Rhine River in the Netherlands. The Hagestein Weir has two enormous arched gates to control water and generate power. Spanning 54 meters, the gates are stored in the up position. Dams and water barriers like Hagestein Weir have become models for water control engineers around the world.
MOSE in Venice
With its famous canals, Venice, Italy is a well-known watery city. Global warming threatens its very existence. Since the 1980s, officials have been pouring money into the MOSE project, a series of 78 barriers that can rise collectively or independently across the lagoon opening and curtail the rising waters of the Adriatic Sea.
1. What do we know about the Thames Barrier?A.It is the largest water barrier in the world. |
B.Its water gates are open at a normal time. |
C.It took more than 10 years to construct. |
D.Its ten water gates weigh 3,300 tonnes. |
A.It is still in operation. |
B.It still works with power cut. |
C.It is the most impressive sight. |
D.It was designed by an architect from Panama. |
A.To produce electricity. | B.To advance technology. |
C.To promote tourism. | D.To control flood. |
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【推荐1】Sallows, the owner of a barbershop(理发店), designed a wheelchair-accessible barber chair, which was brought to reality by the engineers in the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. They have developed the device that will help individuals with physical disabilities have a more tailored, comfortable and safe experience at the barbershop. “It’s a barber chair—that was the first concept,” said Sallows. “But now we are in the process of creating, developing, and applying new technologies for applications in multiple settings such as dentist chairs or stadium seats,” said Sallows.
Sallows worked in a hospital as a certified therapist(治疗专家)for nearly 20 years. He enjoyed his career but decided to learn a trade. “I want something in the wheelhouse of therapists,” said Sallows. “I need something fulfilling, so I think barbering.” In one way, some may see it as a big career change, but Sallows says he is still a therapist. “I joke, I say I’ve gone from therapy to ‘hairapy’,” said Sallows. “Barbering gives me that therapeutic kind of environment that allows me to still talk. People know me as a therapist when they come in, not only as a barber, and so, just the conversations are really cool.”
Sallows learned that a barbershop proved complex for clients in wheelchairs. Having one’s hair washed or getting a close shave often means being physically lifted out of the wheelchair and into a barber chair—an experience that is both difficult and embarrassing. So Sallows, with the help of the UPMC, has created the barber chair that lifts and tips a wheelchair back safely and comfortably. The user rolls onto the barber chair and is raised one or two feet, much like what one would see in a car shop. Sallows hopes that the device will provide clients with the kind of service people have come to appreciate at a barbershop.
1. What is Sallows’s achievement?A.He was named as the best therapist. |
B.He became an engineer of the UPMC. |
C.He created tailored and comfortable dentist chairs. |
D.He designed a barber chair for the wheelchair-bound. |
A.He could talk to cool clients. | B.He was eager to make a fortune. |
C.He could use his former experience. | D.He wanted to start a different career. |
A.Cooperative and generous. | B.Innovative and caring. |
C.Talented and competitive. | D.Modest and competent. |
A.A Tailored Cut | B.A Flexible Wheelchair |
C.A Skilled Barber | D.A Special Barbershop |
【推荐2】Robots have learned to drive on Mars, carry out brain operation and defeat master chess players. But when it comes to baking, making tasty desserts is far from a piece of cake. After many failed attempts, US researchers have successfully 3D printed a cherry cheesecake, although the outcome is unlikely to trouble the world’s dessert masters.
In the latest experiment, researchers tried various cheesecake designs. In early attempts, which involved simply adding ingredients one by one, the team found that the cake quickly turned into a mixture. Through trial and error, they discovered that a more architectural solution was needed. Walls of biscuit base were required throughout the cake to hold the softer ingredients, while triangular (三角的) biscuit supports on the inside were necessary to keep the cake from falling apart. “To print the cake successfully, we need to put the ingredients together in a careful way,” said the team leader Cooper.
Although much work is still needed to collect data and improve the designs, scientists are hopeful that once mastered, 3D printing could replace traditional cooking, allowing food to be adapted to different nutritional(营养)needs. “We have a huge problem with the low nutrition of processed foods,” said Cooper. “3D food printing will still produce processed foods, but perhaps the silver lining will be, for some people, a better control of nutrition based on personalized needs.”
The team said 3D printing could also allow chefs to create entirely new food experiences, with flavours and textures (质地) placed very precisely. “It is particularly practical for the plant-based meat market, where texture and flavour need to be carefully designed to taste like real meats,” said Cooper. And, with more concern about food safety, food prepared with less human handling could lower the risk of food-related illness and the spread of disease. According to Cooper, this seems like a win-win solution for all of us.
1. Why does the author mention robots in paragraph 1?A.To show the disadvantages of 3D printing. |
B.To introduce the popularity of using robots. |
C.To stress the difficulty of 3D printing desserts. |
D.To explain the function of robots in different areas. |
A.The thickness of biscuit walls. | B.The flexibility of inside support. |
C.The unique taste of ingredients. | D.The structural design of the cake. |
A.The side effect. | B.The main reason. |
C.The positive aspect. | D.The best solution. |
A.Promising markets. | B.Additional benefits. |
C.Practical concerns. | D.Technical challenges. |
【推荐3】Carla Brown discovered her interest in health and science communication as a teenager. One day when she was in her doctor’s office, she remembered looking at a poster on the wall, which listed directions for washing hands. She said to her mom, “When I’m older, I’m going to do things like that, but way better.” She has since gone in for a career to communicate health information in an unusual way—using gaming technology.
For her Ph.D. research, Brown looked into new antibiotics (抗生素) to treat diseases. Besides, she ran microbiology workshops to educate children about the right use of antibiotics. Through the workshops, she became interested in finding new ways to interest children in the learning process, so she came up with the idea of developing a card game they could play with one another. Named “Bacteria Combat”, the game asks players to light their competitors using cards standing for good and bad bacteria, as well as antibiotics. Some bacteria are not killed by antibiotic attacks, teaching game players about antibiotic resistance (抗性).
Brown, who was a good gamer when she was a child, gained funding to convert her card game into a mobile app. Then, upon finishing her Ph. D., she set up her own company called Came Doctor to develop computer games for education and health care organizations
In the company’s early years, Brown worked to develop Game Doctorin her spare time while she completed a project researching the effectiveness of science education games. She then worked for Public Health England for 1 year, designing teaching materials.
Last year, though, she decided to put her heart and soul fully in her company to see it grow well enough. It’s an experience that she has found challenging. but also fun- with similarities to the experience of playing an actual game. She shared her professional joys and challenges with Science Careers as part of the ongoing. “A Day in the Lite of a Scientist” series.
1. Which word can best describe Brown’s way to communicate health information?A.Interesting. | B.Expensive. | C.Scientific. | D.Strict. |
A.To help her invent new antibiotics. |
B.To encourage the use of new medicines. |
C.To trach kids proper use of certain medicine. |
D.To lead kids to tell good bacteria from bad ones. |
A.Fit. | B.Change. | C.Create. | D.Divide. |
A.To work wholeheartedly for her company. | B.To work for Public Heath England. |
C.To develop Game Doctor in her spare time. | D.To design scientific teaching materials. |
【推荐1】A few days ago, the Brooklyn Nets basketball player Ben Simmons donated a basketball court to Machang township in Southwest China’s Guizhou Province during a ceremony. Simmons has visited China several times since he was young. He has been deeply touched by the Chinese people’s warmth and friendly feelings toward him and their enthusiasm for the basketball.
Impressed by the news that basketball competitions had been held in Guizhou at a village with their own “Village Basketball Association(VBA)”, Simmons decided to donate a basketball court to the village during the Chinese New Year Basketball Competition in January. After conducting a survey, he set up the basketball court in Machang township in Gui’an New Area in the hope that it would create more opportunities for young fans to play basketball.
In the mountainous village of Machang, there are no huge electronic screens or advertisements at basketball games, but they can still be thrilling thanks to local players’ love for the sport. These players later became a hit in China and even went global. A recent final competition attracted 30,000 viewers on site and more than 1 billion viewers online.
Comparatively, the NBA boasts the best players in the world, top-class basketball gyms and professionally made commercials, so its exciting games draw fans around the world. NBA and the “VBA”are thousands of miles apart, but their games are equally striking, fueling thousands of fans’ enthusiasm. Both focus on a common interest of basketball fans in the U. S. and China and their shared pursuit of sports and a better life.
Although Machang township lacks modern sports facilities, the local people’s love for basketball remains strong. So Simmons’ donation will surely help improve the village’s situation to a certain extent, but more importantly, it will bring people separated by the Pacfe Ocean closer through this sport.
1. Why did Simmons donate a basketball court to Machang township?A.To attract global attention to the village. |
B.To participate in more local competitions. |
C.To show his passion for local people’s lifestyle. |
D.To encourage more young people to play basketball. |
A.Players’ professional skill. | B.The large number of viewers. |
C.Players’ passion for basketball. | D.Powerful promotion of the games. |
A.By giving examples. | B.By making comparisons. |
C.By providing comments. | D.By drawing conclusions. |
A.China’s “VBA” Becomes a Hit |
B.NBA Player Does Charity in Chinese Village |
C.Village Players Compete in International Competitions |
D.Shared Love of Basketball Links NBA and China’s“VBA” |
【推荐2】A new study published Monday in an American Heart Association journal Hypertension, examined 360,000 participants who provided blood, urine and saliva (唾液) samples, as well as detailed information about their lifestyles. Researchers found that adults who napped often were more likely to develop high blood pressure and have a stroke. But that doesn’t mean the napping causes these health issues — instead, napping may be due to unhealthy behaviors. The researchers found that a high percentage of frequent nappers reported cigarette smoking, daily drinking, insomnia (失眠症) and other factors that could contribute to health-related issues.
Dr. Margaret Blattner, clinical instructor, from the department of neurology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, tells PEOPLE that frequent or long daytime naps can disturb healthy nighttime sleep. Napping during the day may make it harder to fall asleep at night or cause nighttime sleep to become fragmented and that missing out on night time sleep can cause severe daytime sleepiness.
“Often, naps continuing long are less restorative than more brief daytime naps; people often wake up unrefreshed after a long nap,” she adds. “Additionally, long day time naps take away time from other healthy things that people enjoy during the day: spending time with family, enjoying hobbies, and exercise.”
When napping during the day becomes unpredictable, uncontrollable, or prevents an individual from accomplishing what they need or want to do, it could indicate a possible sleep disorder.
But Blattner assures that taking naps can also be beneficial. ”Napping is not always a cause for concern. Taking a nap can be refreshing and enjoyable,” she says. “The key is, are you missing out on things that you enjoy because you are too sleepy to stay awake — that can indicate a problem -or does the nap help you get more out of your day?”
“Taking a brief nap can feel restorative, reduce stress, and improve focus. Early afternoon is a good time to nap, as this agrees with a physical circle dip in energy,“ Blattner continues.” However, napping too late into the afternoon or evening may impact night time sleep quality and make it harder to fall asleep.”
1. Why are adults often taking daytime napping more at risk of high blood pressure and strokes?A.Because the frequent daytime napping causes these health issues. |
B.Because the daytime napping is less restorative than nighttime sleep. |
C.Because you can’t get more out of the daytime napping. |
D.Because the frequent daytime napping is more likely caused by some unhealthy behaviors. |
A.Broken. | B.Scarce. | C.Abundant. | D.Regular. |
A.At 9 AM. | B.At 1 PM. | C.At 4 PM. | D.At 10 PM. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Objective. | C.Indifferent. | D.Opposed. |
【推荐3】Passwords don’t have to be a pain. There’s a way to choose and remember them with confidence. With the right approach, you can start using the process to your advantage, by setting passwords that also strengthen your memory.
Passwords should be complex and varied enough to be secure, yet still memorable. But with so many to keep track of, this can be hard to achieve. No wonder so many people use the same password over and over again or simply write them all down!
A much better idea is to follow a system. You save time at the setting stage, and have a clear pattern for your memory to follow. It’s good exercise for your brain and a valuable way to protect your identity online.
The following system uses letters, numbers and symbols, so it will please even the strictest website. And the random-looking codes it produces would be extremely difficult for someone to crack, but just enough of a challenge for your brain. First, choose a short quotation, one that no one would have any reason to associate with you. Pick out the initial letters—creating the first “building block” for your passwords. So, if you chose, “Play it again, Sam,” you’d have the letters PIAS.
Next, choose a meaningful date—again, one that can’t be guessed or easily researched. Maybe the year of a favourite holiday, 86, say.
Then add a random element by picking any two keyboard symbols: for example, & and £.
Finally, organize these building blocks in any order you like. And strengthen the code further by making some of the letters lower case, and some upper: maybe 86&£PiAs.
Spend a little time getting to know this “foundation” for your passwords. “See” it in your mind’s eve. And then start using it as the basis for every new password you set. Add two or three extra letters each time, a few initials or abbreviations to remind you of what this particular password is for. For example, you might use BT for your phone account or CC for the camera club forum so the final password for your BBC account could be: BBC86&£PiAs.
With a system like this, you’ve got a basic formula to follow. But each password ends up being complex and unique, helping to protect your identity and giving your memory a cracking workout every time.
1. A password is supposed to be________.A.complex and long | B.unique but easy to crack |
C.complex but easy to remember | D.secure and difficult to remember |
A.KRE. | B.SLP. | C.PLS. | D.EUA. |
A.Think of a short sentence. | B.Select a proper number. |
C.Choose two keyboard symbols. | D.Make some letters lower case. |
A.HW03@*AsLT. | B.123456#. | C.QQ010&XYz. | D.!!!123Cba. |