【推荐1】Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers(剑). Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”
“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait.” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance（支配地位）when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.
Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn’t healthy for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.
When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also fell less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.”
1. Bossy children like Stephen Jackson __________.

A．make good decisions	B．show self-centeredness
C．lack care from others	D．have little sense of fear

2. The study on bossy behavior implies that parents __________.

A．should give more power to their children

B．should be strict with their children

C．should not be so anxious about their children

D．should not set limits for their children

3. Bossy children may probably become __________.

A．relaxed	B．skillful
C．hesitant	D．lonely

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．How bossy behavior can be controlled.

B．How we can get along with bossy children.

C．What leads to children’s bossy behavior.

D．What effect bossy behavior brings about.

【推荐3】China’s college graduates are leaving first-tier cities（一线城市）for second-tier ones, according to the annual College Graduates’ Employment Report issued on Monday.

The report said that 22.3 percent of college graduates last year chose to work in first-tier cities—Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen—down 1.3 percentage points from 2016 and 5.9 percentage points from 2013. In 2017, 21.7 percent of college graduates chose to leave first-tier cities after working there for three years, up 2.5 percentage points from 2016 and 8 percentage points from 2015.

The report also found that leading second-tier cities are attracting more recent graduates. Around 35.6 percent of college graduates who chose to work in the top 10 second-tier cities such as Hangzhou, Chengdu and Wuhan, were from other regions in 2017, up 3.6 percentage points from the previous year.

The report was based on a survey of 306,000 graduates from 30 provinces and regions. It was released by MyCOS, an education consulting and research institute in Beijing.

Wang Boqing, founder of MyCOS, said large populations, traffic jam, smog, increasing property prices and great difficulty in obtaining permanent residence（居住）, or hukou in Chinese, have brought high pressure to life in first-tier cities for college graduates, which gives second-tier cities an opportunity to attract talented workers.

Second-tier cities have rolled out a series of policies to attract university graduates, which include favorable treatment to obtain hukou, as well as housing and government subsidies（津贴）, he said. Wuhan, Hubei Province, has planned to build affordable housing for university graduates, and allow graduates to buy or rent apartments at a discount of at least 20 percent of the market price.

Chu Zhaohui, a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences, however, said that the governments of such cities should notice that welfare（福利）, housing and money can attract people in a short time. “Professionals aim mainly at prospects（前景）for career development rather than just benefits,” Chu said, adding that those cities should maintain their advantages, such as low cost of living and nicer environments, to keep their appeal. The cities should provide more opportunities for employment that are similar to those in first-tier cities, he said.

1. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．Leading second-tiers have more job opportunities.

B．College graduates are leaving first-tier cities for second-tier ones to hunt jobs.

C．College graduates have to take too much burden in first-tier cities.

D．Second-tier cities offered favorable policies to attract graduates.

2. Which of the following writing techniques（写作手法）is NOT used in Paragraph 2 and 3?

A．Make classifications.	B．List statistics.
C．Make comparisons（比较）.	D．Show research findings.

3. Why do college students choose to leave first-tier cities?

A．They have to live under high pressure in first-tier cities.

B．There is no difference between first-tier cities and second tier ones.

C．First-tier cities can’t provide desirable job chances any more.

D．It is more convenient to live in second-tier cities.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A．A biography textbook.	B．A sports magazine.
C．A travel brochure.	D．A news report.

【推荐1】A Samoan airline says that it is the world’s first carrier to charge passengers by their weight. Samoa Air, which opened in 2012, asks passengers to give their personal weight during booking, which is then charged according to the length of a flight. The customers will also be weighed just before they board the plane.

"It is believed that all people throughout the world are the same size," Samoa Air CEO Chris Langton said. "Airplanes always run on weight, not seats."

"There is no doubt in my mind that this is the concept of the future. This is the fairest way of your travelling with your family or yourself."

Though the airline introduced the plan last November, it caught people's attention last week when the carrier began international flights to neighboring American Samoa.

Almost at the same time, a Norwegian economist, Bharat Bhatta, published a report suggesting that airlines should charge obese passengers more.

The Pacific Islands contain some of the world’s most common countries for obesity, many ranking in the top 10, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Samoa is ranked number four, with 59.6 percent of the population considered obese, said the most recent WHO report.

According to Samoa Air's latest schedule, the airline charges up to $0.57 per kg for flights in Samoa and $1.03 per kg for its only international flight to American Samoa, around 250 miles.

Children under 12 are charged 75 percent of the adult rate, with fares also based on weight. Any overweight baggage is calculated at the same rate as the passenger's personal weight.

The plan could actually prove cheaper in some cases, such as for families travelling with small children, and Langton said customer reaction has mainly been "amazingly positive".

The idea of charging passengers by weight has been hotly discussed before, and in the US some airlines require those who do not fit into a seat comfortably to buy a second seat.

1. What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Airlines should charge passengers by flight length.

B．All people throughout the world are the same size.

C．It is unfair to weigh passengers at the airport.

D．Airplanes always run on weight, not seats.

2. In Bharat Bhatta’s eyes, Samoa Air's plan might be _______.

A．funny	B．acceptable
C．strange	D．disappointing

3. A 100 kg adult flying to American Samoa would be charged _______.

A．$57	B．$75
C．$103	D．$125

4. What does the text mainly tell us?

A．59.6% of Samoans are considered obese.

B．Samoa Air introduces pay-by-weight pricing.

C．Airlines should charge obese passengers more.

D．Baggage must be calculated as passengers’ weight.

【推荐2】Hundreds of new drivers have been given bans (禁令) for using their mobile phones at the wheel, as part of stricter new laws introduced. In March, the punishment for driving while on the phone was doubled to six points — meaning drivers with less than two years’ experience faced a ban.

New laws meant the punishment for being caught on a mobile phone at the wheel was increased to six points. The new rules were introduced in England, Scotland and Wales. Drivers who get six points within two years of passing their test will lose their licence, creating a one-strike rule for mobile phone users. To get back behind the wheel, new drivers have to retake both the theory and practical parts of the driving test.

Mr Williams in the RAC said, “These people have spent hours and hours and hundreds of pounds learning to drive to gain their personal freedom only to throw it all away through this foolish behaviour. The only comfort is that they won’t be drawn into some terrible crashes caused by the distraction (使人分心的事物) of a hand-held mobile phone.”

When the new laws were introduced, Transport Secretary Chris Grayling said they would act as a strong warning to mobile phone users. However, the numbers suggested a total of 15,752 drivers received the punishment of six points for using a mobile phone between March and August. This is an increase from 15, 237 drivers in the same period of last year.

National Police Chiefs’ Council Lead on roads Policing, Chief Constable Anthony Bangham, said the police took the offence (违法行为) seriously. “This is not a small offence and is never a risk worth taking because a moment’s distraction behind the wheel can change lives forever.” “Our message is simple — don’t do it,” he added.

1. What can we infer from Paragraph1?

A．The new laws have not been passed.

B．The new laws are not strict enough.

C．Drivers with less than two years’ experience won’t be affected.

D．Punishment for driving while phoning used to be three points.

2. What will happen if a Welsh citizen who got a licence last year gets six points?

A．He will be fined a lot.

B．He must learn the new rules.

C．He will lose his driving licence.

D．He will be given a warning.

3. When the new laws were first introduced, _________.

A．traffic accidents were cut down

B．there were still many drivers who broke them

C．drivers thought the laws were unfair to them

D．fewer people broke them compared

4. What does Anthony Bangham mean?

A．The police didn’t take the new rules seriously.

B．The roads policy should be improved for safety.

C．A moment of carelessness may cause big accidents.

D．The laws need to be improved a lot and retested.

【推荐3】London has become a cycle-friendly zone after the launch of a new bike hire scheme.     1    

    2    First you have to sign up to the scheme to be sent a key. The key will unlock one of the bikes, which are kept at docking stations in and around central London. You have to pay an access fee for the key and then you pay as you go, for the length of time you use the bike.

Transport for London, which runs the scheme, are hoping to have 6,000 bikes and 400 docking stations in place by the end of the year.     3    London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the scheme and said London has been “filled with thousands of gleaming (发光的) machines that will transform the look and feel of our street and become as commonplace on our roads as black cabs and red buses”.

    4     On the first day some people found they couldn’t dock their bike properly and their usage of the bike had not registered. Transport for London did admit they had been expecting a few “teething problems” and have said they would not charge for the first day as a “gesture of goodwill”. Some other people have criticized the lack of docking stations and locks for the bikes as well as the price it costs to hire the bicycles.

    5     “My crusade for the capital to become the greatest big cycling city in the world has taken a great pedal-powered push forwards.”

A．So how does it work?

B．How do you like it?

C．However, there have been a few problems since the scheme was launched last Friday.

D．Despite the comments, the green-thinking London Mayor still says with certainty.

E．However, the London Mayor is confident of the scheme.

F．It has been designed to encourage more people to cycle in and around central London.

G．The new hire system is hoping to ease congestion(拥挤) in London and is expected to create up to 40,000 extra cycle trips a day into the city centre.

【推荐2】Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they’re being recorded while you all watch the big game together?

“It’s certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install,” says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America’s foremost manners advisors. “I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it’s not a security issue.”

Post wants to make clear that she’s not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preference. She also wants to explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, because the technology is just now becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn’t dictate manners.

When it comes to security cameras, Post says it’s a host’s responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. “I’m always a fan of being open and honest.” For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.

However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don’t need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors’ favour. “If anything does go wrong while they’re in the house, they don’t want to be blamed for it,” she says. “In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn’t steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.”

1. For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?

A．The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.

B．They don't want their photos to be circulated on the Internet.

C．The security camera may turn out to be harmful to their health.

D．They may not be willing to interact with your family members.

2. What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?

A．The effect of manners advice on the public.	B．The cost of applying new technologies at home.
C．The increasing use of home security devices.	D．The etiquette around home security cameras.

3. What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing regarding the use of home security cameras?

A．Legal rights.	B．Moral issues.
C．Likes and dislikes of individuals.	D．The possible impact on manners.

4. What is a host’s responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?

A．Making their guests feel at ease.	B．Indicating where they are.
C．Turning them off in time.	D．Ensuring their guests’ privacy.

【推荐3】Sea life near Turkey is being harmed by a layer of brown foam (泡沫) on the ocean’s surface. The foam, which many people are calling “sea snot”, is natural, but it’s caused by pollution and global warming.

The actual name for the foam is mucilage (粘液). Scientists first noticed and described mucilage in 2007, when it was found near Turkey. Then, it was also found in other parts of the Aegean Sea, near Greece. Mucilage covers the ocean’s surface with a thick, slimy layer that gives it the nickname of sea snot.

This year’s appearance of mucilage is the worst ever recorded. It’s been developing for seven months and is now covering large parts of the Sea of Marmara. The Sea of Marmara is an inland sea, surrounded by land belonging to Turkey, and connected to the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea.

There are many different kinds of algae (海藻), and it’s natural and normal for algae to grow in the ocean or in other bodies of water. But when there is lots of food for the algae, and other conditions are just right, algae would boom, which results in algae growing quickly and in huge numbers. And in very bad situations, mucilage is the result.

There are two main causes of the present appearance of mucilage. One is the heavy pollution — waste water and chemicals — flowing into the Sea of Marmara. The second cause is higher water temperatures because of climate change.

By covering the ocean’s surface, mucilage stops sunlight from reaching all the sea life below. “This mucilage is now covering the sea surface like a tent,” says Muharrem Balci, who teaches biology at Istanbul University. Because there is so much algae, it takes up lots of oxygen from the seawater. That means that there’s very little oxygen left for the other sea life that depends on it. The BBC reports that divers in the area are seeing large numbers of dying fish. After a while, the mucilage falls to the bottom of the ocean, where it covers the sea floor, poisoning sea life that lives there. The mucilage has already been found as deep as 30 meters below the surface.

Mahsum Daga, a local fisherman, told the reporter, “Do you know what it does to shellfish? When they open up, it prevents them from closing up again because it gets in the way. All the seasnails here are dead.”

1. What do we know about mucilage?

A．It generally doesn’t last long.	B．It was first noticed near Turkey.
C．It is the result of algae poisoning.	D．It is mainly formed in inland seas.

2. What does the underlined word “boom” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Shoot up.

B．Stand out.

C．Break down.

D．Take off.

3. What is the last but one paragraph mainly about?

A．The reason for the formation of mucilage is difficult to explain.

B．Mucilage is doing much more harm than good.

C．The present situation of mucilage needs attention.

D．Mucilage puts sea life in danger in different ways.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Sea life in Turkey is in great danger of extinction.

B．A new kind of poisonous algae is found in Turkey.

C．Turkey’s coastal waters are covered with mucilage.

D．Mucilage is likely to cause great damage to Turkey.