You may have noticed particular bright night skies recently as we experienced a full moon. NASA reported the event, called the Wolf Moon, began Thursday afternoon and ended Saturday morning. But did you notice any changes in your personal sleep patterns in the days leading up to the full moon?
As the latest full moon was beginning, a new study was released suggesting that a full moon can affect human sleep cycles. Researchers confirmed that the nights leading up to a full moon have more natural light available after the sun goes down.
The new research found that in the days before a full moon, people go to sleep later in the evening and sleep for shorter periods of time.
The moon takes 27. 3 days to go around the Earth, but it takes 29.5 days to complete a full cycle from New Moon to New Moon. The new study measured the sleep patterns of test subjects as the moon progressed through at least one whole 29.5—day cycle. Some subjects were tested through two moon cycles.
On average, people involved in the study slept about 52 minutes less on nights before a full moon. They also went to bed about 30 minutes later. The research showed that people had the latest bedtime and the shortest amount of sleep during the nights that were three to five days before a full moon.
The study involved 98 individuals living in three different indigenous communities in Argentina. Each local community had different access to electricity. One countryside community had no electricity access, while a second had only limited access. A third community was in a more populated area and had full access to electricity.
The scientists say further research is needed to help explain other possible causes for the changes in sleep patterns in the test subjects. Such causes could involve biological differences in individuals or social patterns within communities.
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text?A.By comparison. |
B.By listing data. |
C.By imagination. |
D.By asking a question. |
A.Full moon can impact sleep. |
B.Bright skies are good for sleep. |
C.Eyesight is influenced by moonlight. |
D.Power supplies change sleep patterns. |
A.Five days after a full moon. |
B.On the night of the full moon. |
C.Four days before a full moon. |
D.During the nights without electricity. |
A.Illegal. | B.Native. | C.Virtual. | D.Foreign. |
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【推荐1】Science experiments are a fun way for kids to learn all about science.I will introduce a few great experiments and teach your child all about the wonders of inertia(惯性).
Coin Shoot
You'll need some coins, at least eleven, and a smooth table.Stack(堆叠) all but one of the coins on the smooth table, making sure that the “high rise” is straight. Coins with wide edges make this experiment easy to do. Flick ( 弹 ) the extra coin quickly towards the bottom of the stack so that it hits the bottom coin.The bottom coin from the stack should shoot out from under the other coins without changing the rest of the stack. With good aim and quick flicks of your finger, you should be able to shoot all of the coins out of the stack one by one. Because the inertia of the stack of coins is so great, the force from the flicked coin is not enough to make the entire stack move or fall down.
The Pencil Standing
Place a narrow piece of paper on a smooth table. Hold the paper so that most of it hangs off the table.Place a pencil on the paper so that it is standing straight.Now,slowly try to pull the paper out from under the pencil.What happens? Set up the paper and pencil again, and give the paper a fast pull. What happens to the pencil this time?
Since the still pencil wants to stay at rest, it will be against the fast movement of the paper.This means that when the paper is moved quickly out from under the pencil, the pencil remains standing straight. If the paper is moved slowly, the movement has a chance to influence the pencil, and it will fall down.
1. Which of the following is used in both of the two experiments?A.A narrow piece of paper. | B.A number of coins. |
C.A smooth table. | D.A new pencil. |
A.The stack of coins fall down on the table. |
B.The bottom coin is flicked out of the stack. |
C.All of the coins are taken away from the table. |
D.All of the coins are shot out of the stack one by one. |
A.we can pull it quickly | B.we can take hold of it |
C.it can influence the pencil | D.the pencil can stand straight |
A.move slowly with the paper | B.stand straight on the table |
C.be shot out from the table | D.fall down on the table |
【推荐2】Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. Daydreaming has always had a bad reputation, but now scientific research has showed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.
Now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do. Researchers are finding daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.
Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, the same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to details. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved selfcontrol and creative abilities.
But that’s only part of the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that “you can imagine your future”. Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these famous achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true.
Of course daydreaming is no substitute(代替者) for hard work. You have to work hard to develop skills. Daydreaming alone can’t turn you into your heart’s desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of selfdevelopment, it might make a critical difference. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.
1. From the scientific research, a few minutes’ daydreaming will ________.A.relieve stress effectively |
B.improve grades |
C.escape from real life and duties |
D.gain a positive attitudes towards exams |
A.reduce failure in examinations |
B.help rapid and continuous physical growth |
C.improve selfcontrol and creative abilities |
D.benefit improvement of concentration |
A.The attention. | B.The conclusion. |
C.The contribution. | D.The concentration. |
A.earns a good reputation |
B.takes the place of hard work |
C.pictures future profession |
D.turns the desire into reality |
【推荐3】Everyone knows a power nap feels good, but do you know that power naps fit right into your normal sleep or wake cycle? And, if done right, they can really help you get through the day.
We are built to nap
Our bodies have an inside timekeeper called the circadian rhythm (昼夜节律). The term “circadian” comes from the Latin words meaning “about (circa) a day (diem)”. It is based on 24-hour light/dark cycle and allows your body to keep with the light/dark environment. The circadian rhythm helps you fall asleep and wake up. It changes during the day, as shown in the picture.
Keys to power napping
Your body’s circadian rhythm falls and rises throughout the day. With the largest fall in the afternoon, your body becomes more tired during this time. That is to say, in the afternoon, you are designed for napping.
In studies, a nap lasting a quarter can do the most help in school performance and thinking ability. It helps you to concentrate on your class and reduce stress without affecting your ability to fall asleep at night. As for when to start, the best answer will be around 2:00 pm according to the variation of circadian rhythm.
In addition to the length and the timing, there are other ways you can make the most of your power naps:
Try deep-breathing or another relaxation technique as you start.
Choose a quiet, darkened location. A sleep mask may help.
Lie down or sit in a comfortable chair.
Listen to soft music or white noise.
Try a bit of stretching and walking around to refresh after your nap.
1. At which time does the circadian rhythm decrease?A.From 7:00 am to 10:00 am. | B.From 10:00 am to 12:00 pm. |
C.From 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm. | D.From 2:00 pm to 10:00 pm. |
A.20 minutes. | B.15 minutes. | C.10 minutes. | D.5 minutes. |
A.Stay in a quiet place. | B.Play country music. |
C.Stretch our bodies. | D.Remove the eye mask. |
【推荐1】Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.
1. This passage deals mainly with ____ .A.famous names in ballet | B.Russian ballet |
C.how ballet has developed | D.why ballet is no longer popular |
A.dances | B.instructions | C.royal courts | D.big shows |
A.Italy | B.France | C.Russia | D.America |
A.Balanchine. | B.Antoinette. | C.Dlaghilev. | D.Louis XIV. |
【推荐2】For over a month, forest fires in Indonesia spread very quickly out of control as the country suffered its worst drought(干旱) in 50 years. Within days a cloud of smog was hanging over neighboring countries including Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand.
When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars, it soon became poisonous(有毒的). Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately.
The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot (烟灰) covered everything. In some areas, tap water was used from high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smog.
Finally, heavy rains, which came in November, put out the fires and cleared the air. But the environmental costs and health problems will remain. Breathing problems could well increase and many non-sufferers may have difficulties for the first time. Wildlife has suffered too. In lowland forests, elephants, deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog.
But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact, the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents. About 4,000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952.
1. When did the forest fires most probably happen?A.In July. | B.In October. |
C.In November. | D.In December. |
A.The fires spread to Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. |
B.The fires were put out by the firefighters and volunteers. |
C.Many animals were left homeless because of the smog. |
D.4,000 people were killed by the forest fires. |
A.Smog can lead to drought problem. | B.Smog can cause forest fires easily. |
C.Smog has little effect on wildlife. | D.Smog is more than an Asian problem. |
A.Both were caused by drought. | B.Both caused many deaths. |
C.Both were poisonous. | D.Both spread in several countries. |
【推荐3】San Francisco Bay Area is a great place to be if you're a sports fan, as you'll find several events all year round and plenty of team pride. If you are anywhere close to the area during a game, these fantastic sports events are here for you.
San Francisco Giants Baseball
The San Francisco Giants baseball team plays in SF at Oracle Park. This is a fun ballpark because it's always packed with great energy and offers views of the bay. It's one of the most popular San Francisco sports events. The Giants are part of the National League West Division. Since their arrival here in 1958, they have been World Series Champions three times.
Golden State Warriors Basketball
The fan base of the Golden State Warriors distributes the whole San Francisco Bay Area as this region's only NBA team. Their regular season runs from late October through mid-April, and all home games are played at the Chase Center in San Francisco. In total, the Warriors has won six NBA championships.
San Francisco 49ers Football
The 49ers are San Francisco's NFL team, though they have recently moved to Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, about an hour south of SF. The football team was named for the prospectors(探矿者)who arrived in the area in 1849 for the Gold Rush. They've won 5 Super Bowl championships, all between 1981 and 1994.
San Jose Sharks Hockey
The San Jose Sharks represent the Bay Area in hockey(冰球). They were founded in 1991 as the only Bay Area team to compete in the NHL. Sharks fans love going to these San Francisco sports events at the SAP Center, which they call the Shark Tank, located about an hour southeast of SF.
1. Which team once won world championships?A.The Giants. | B.The Golden State Warriors. |
C.The 49ers. | D.The San Jose Sharks. |
A.The Oracle Park. | B.The Chase Center. |
C.Levi's Stadium. | D.The SAP Center. |
A.Tour guides. | B.Coaches. |
C.Team leaders. | D.Sports fans. |