During his youth, Albrecht Durer apprenticed with his father, who was a goldsmith, and also with a local painter. But he showed a remarkable talent for printmaking, which at the same time was the main method of illustrating books. This art form involved carving an image into a block of wood, inking the wood and then pressing it against paper or cloth. Durer’s skillful carving and printing resulted in beautiful prints. His decision to become a print-maker rather than a goldsmith disappointed his father but benefited Durer throughout his adult life.
From time to time, deadly diseases broke out in Durer’s hometown of Nuremburg, Germany. This danger was one reason why Durer decided to leave Nuremberg twice to visit Italy. He was also fascinated by Italy’s Renaissance culture. While there, he absorbed Italian philosophy, science and artistic techniques. He also served as official court artist to two Holy Roman Emperors.
Durer was extremely diligent regarding the details of his artwork as evidenced in his nature pieces. These include Young Hare, which correctly captures the energy of a hare even while it is sitting still, and Rhinoceros which was so correct that it was included in scientific documents for years.
The same attention to details can be seen in Durer’s early self-portrait. The first one that he made at age 13 shows a young boy with childish features. A second self-portrait that he made at age 22 displays a more mature individual who has a greater sense of himself. In a self-portrait done at age 26, he is a finely dressed gentleman, reflecting his rise in status within the printmaking community.
1. What saddened one of Durer’s parents?A.Durer’s lack of concentration. | B.Durer’s pride in his wealth. |
C.Durer’s choice of profession. | D.Durer’s absences from home. |
A.He couldn’t find any work there. | B.He longed to live in the countryside. |
C.He wasn’t able to settle his debt. | D.He wanted to protect his health. |
A.His interest in technology. | B.His evolution as a person. |
C.His strong love of travel. | D.His physical limitations. |
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【推荐1】I have learned a great many things from playing football. And it has changed my entire attitude towards life.
In my freshman year at high school, I was shy, had low self-confidence and turned away from seemingly impossible challenges. On the first day of freshman practice, the team warmed up with a game of touch football. However, during the game, I didn't run as hard as I could, nor did I try to escape from my defender and get open. The fact of the matter was that I really didn't want to be the one at fault if I dropped the ball and the play didn't succeed. I didn't want to take the responsibility of helping the team because I was too afraid of making a mistake. That aspect of my character led the first year of my high school life. I avoided asking questions in class, afraid they might be considered too stupid by my classmates.
During my second-year season, my position at backup guard led me to play in the games since another backup guard on my team was seriously injured. From then on, I made mistakes sometimes and was blamed by my coaches indeed. However, those criticisms didn't make my teammates look down upon me, but they helped me a lot. At times I made great plays, for which I was congratulated. Now, I feel like a changed person.
Over the years, playing football has taught me what it takes to succeed. From months of tough practices, I have learned to work hard. From my coaches and teammates, I have learned to work well with others in a group. But most importantly, I have gained self-confidence. I realize that it is necessary to risk failure in order to gain success. Now, I welcome the challenge.
1. What sort of boy was the author in his early years of high school?A.Kind. | B.Brave. |
C.Lonely. | D.Fearful. |
A.They are friendly and warm-hearted. |
B.They were seriously injured during the games. |
C.They are unsatisfied with the team's performance. |
D.They regarded the author as the most important player. |
A.Practice makes perfect. |
B.You get what you pay off. |
C.Many hands make light work. |
D.Self-confidence is the key to success. |
A.To recall his school days. |
B.To show his love for football. |
C.To share his growth experience. |
D.To thank his coaches and teammates. |
【推荐2】What do you call your partner—darling, sweetheart, babe? I have been called a little owl, a swan and even a “panda-fish.” No, I’m not a supernatural, shape-shifting creature or a character in a children’s storybook. I’ve just been in a few relationships where affectionate nicknames appeared as inside jokes.
Plenty of my friends have developed nicknames with their romantic partners. I asked the question on Facebook and got all kinds of answers: former boyfriends who knew each other as “Tiger and Teddy.” An American man who dated a Chinese woman told me he called her “Popo”, which means “wife” or “broken broken,” depending on your intonation and she called him “Benben,” which he says means something like “dumb dumb,” referring to his poor mastery of the Chinese language at the time.
There seems to be a variety of languages with pet names, too. According to the website of the popular language-learning software Rosetta Stone, the French say “Mon Petit Chou” (my little cabbage or cream puff), the Russians say “Vishenka” (cherry), the Dutch call girlfriends “Dropje” (candy) and in Brazil you can say “Meu Chuchu,” where “chuchu” is a vegetable. In Spain I heard the term “Media Naranja,” meaning half-orange, suggesting that the romantic partners are two halves of the whole.
Is there any science behind using pet names? Is it a mark of a healthy relationship, or unhealthy? Are couples who give each other names, ranging from the generic “Honey” and “Sweetie” to the creative “Loopy Lop,” more likely to stay together? And in our digital age, are these nicknames any more important?
From what has been studied, and from the experience of several experts, it seems nicknames can be a good thing for a relationship—if both partners are into it.
1. Why has the writer been called a little owl, a swan and even a “panda-fish”?A.Because he looks like a owl, a swan and even a “panda-fish”. |
B.Because he is a supernatural, shape-shifting creature. |
C.Because nicknames arose as inside jokes in his relationships. |
D.Because he loves a character in a children’s storybook. |
A.Her boyfriend had a different intonation. |
B.Her boyfriend had a weak mastery of Chinese. |
C.She thought the man was very stupid. |
D.She thought it was a lovely nickname. |
A.To introduce half-orange. |
B.To show their love for pet names. |
C.To mean they are both fat. |
D.To suggest they are two halves of the whole. |
A.Couples who give each other nicknames are certain to stay together. |
B.There must be science behind using pet names. |
C.Partners who enjoy their nicknames can keep healthy relationships. |
D.Nicknames are no longer important in our digital age. |
【推荐3】Whenever a new person walks through the gates of the Science of Spirituality Meditation (冥想) and Ecology Centre in Richmond, one often hears the words, “I never knew such a place existed. It’s so peaceful and the gardens are so beautiful.”
In 2005, this centre was an old school, with a history going back to 1904. Rabbits had damaged the foundations (地基) and rats ran along littered hallways. The traffic roaring along Steveston Highway was hardly beneficial to meditation, and fresh air! Neither did we have sufficient funds at the time to carry out a purchase. But there was hope, wild hope! We had a vision. We could make it a reality.
Our group was inspired to take this step under the loving guidance of Sant Rajinder Singh Ji Maharaj, a living Master in an ancient family of spiritual experts. Despite the small size of our local charity, we took chances to purchase this place that spoke to us at some very deep level. Generous donations and effort flowed in from members at exactly the right time. Thus, we could begin the physical origins of the SOS Meditation and Ecology Centre.
And to create it took a great deal of sweat efforts. Gardens were dug and planted by volunteers. Brothers and sisters worked together. Over the following years, beautiful gardens were established and every inch of the old building and roof took on a new look.
From a wishful dream and a loving handful, this special place, with its green gardens, became a reality. The Centre has become a sign of light and love in a materialistic society, where seekers find peace, joy, help in meditation, friendship and an opportunity to grow spiritually.
1. What can we infer from paragraph 2?A.The founders intended to give up the center at the beginning. |
B.The founders had sufficient funds to carry out the project. |
C.The centre was not originally suited for meditation. |
D.The centre was a school with good environment. |
A.With the help of the old school. |
B.With the contributions of generous people. |
C.With the funds donated by a spiritual expert. |
D.With the local government’s financial support. |
A.Rude. | B.Distant. | C.Conventional. | D.Selfless. |
A.To introduce an old school to readers. |
B.To tell the story about the construction of the centre. |
C.To call for people to meditate. |
D.To explain the influence of meditation on average people. |
【推荐1】Ludwig van Beethoven is the most famous classical composer of the Western world. He is known for his powerful music and for continuing to compose after he became deaf.
Born to a musical family in the small German city of Bonn in December 1770, Beethoven was an excellent pianist and violinist as a boy. He soon became the first important composer to earn a successful living without working for the church or court. Beethoven began to lose his hearing in the late 1790s and by 1819 he was totally deaf. When he heard nothing, in order to hear the notes (音符), he cut the legs off the piano so that he could feel the vibrations (震动)as he played.
Beethoven enjoyed taking long walks in the countryside. The villagers respected him a lot and would not bother him when they passed him. He was a strange man with his untidy clothes, wild hair and a bad temper.
For his last 15 years Beethoven was regarded as the world’s best composer. The four-note beginning to his Fifth Symphony is one of the most famous moments in all of music. The notes were described as “Fate knocking at the door”. He wrote the popular Moonlight Sonata in 1801.
Beethoven never married. After his death in March 1827, his friends found his letters to a lover, but they never found out who she was.
Besides lots of concerts and broadcasts, over 200 films use Beethoven’s music. Although he died many years ago, Beethoven is still influencing the music world.
1. Most of Beethoven’s works are of___________.A.light music | B.powerful music |
C.sad music | D.violin music |
A.He was totally deaf at the age of 28. |
B.He didn’t like working for the church or court. |
C.His family had some effect on him in music. |
D.Many of Beethoven’s works were composed for a girl. |
A.Because he continued to compose after his deafness. |
B.Because he never married all his life. |
C.Because he enjoyed taking long walks in the countryside. |
D.Because he didn’t care for his appearance and had a bad temper. |
A.Beethoven, the world’s best composer |
B.Beethoven, a very strange composer |
C.Beethoven, a struggling composer |
D.Beethoven, the world’s most productive composer |
【推荐2】After written art had to fight a tough battle for attraction during the first decade of social media, owing to a certain group of writers, it is now on a significant rise. How Instagram and Twitter have offered jumpstarts to careers of authors like Dean Cocozza sets a blueprint for thousands of ambitious writers.
Cocozza started writing lyrics for his music as a teenager. He immediately had to experience that translating art to social media is not as simple as posting whatever his pen put down.
“Anyone who uses the platform with an intent will quickly learn that you only have the glimpse of a moment to catch the viewer’s attention. So the work I shared shifted to be more to the point, often one-liners. Then stuff started to go viral.”
The success and demand for more poems resulted in his first book Zero Dark Thirty, which sold out quickly. Despite the book containing mostly short writings, even said one-liners, Cocozza emphasizes that he doesn’t write for social media. “It was a very personal project resulting from a certain period of time” in his life. There are much bigger things that he works on and plans to get involved in.
Dean Cocozza has brought back emotional depth. In-between monetized (货币化的) content, blatant (明目张胆的) advertising and “perfect lives”, social media holds a spot for a new generation of artists, including literature. Critical thinkers and authentic writers remind the app’s consumers of their emotional human nature. Art galleries and bookstores might have lost a big part of their audience to digital media — but the art itself will always find ways to survive.
1. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Written art. | B.A tough battle. | C.Social media. | D.A group of writers. |
A.To earn a living. | B.To draw readers’ attention. |
C.To protect his personal life. | D.To show emotional depth. |
A.Works with emotional depth are widely accepted on social media. |
B.People with perfect lives like social media better. |
C.Art galleries and bookstores will soon disappear. |
D.Arts of emotion depth still hold value on social media. |
A.Positive. | B.Carefree. | C.Doubtful. | D.Disapproving. |
【推荐3】Born on the 25th of February, 1841, Pierre-Auguste Renoir was the son of a painter. Renoir took an interest in painting early in his life; his family moved to Paris in 1844 and encouraged him to frequent the Louvre where he developed an interest in the French Rococo style of François Boucher and the Romantic painter Eugène Delacroix, admiring their loose brushstrokes (笔法) and emphasis on bright colours.
In 1862, Renoir began studying painting under Charles Gleyre, whose other pupils included Claude Monet, Frèdèric Bazille, and Alfred Sisley. These artists would form what would later be termed Impressionism. Although Renoir experienced some success exhibiting in the Salon, for example his 1867 painting, Lise with a Parasol, he frequently struggled to gain acceptance within the strict structure of the Salon. Renoir along with Monet, Sisley, and Pissarro put on the first ‘Impressionist’ exhibition.
The Impressionist painters often describe ordinary subject matter working en plein air (outdoors) to capture a spontaneous (自然的) moment. The style was characterised by broad loose brushstrokes, open composition and an interest in the effect of light. However, by 1878 Renoir had grown disillusioned (理想破灭的) with the Impressionists' emphasis on spontaneity. By the third Impressionist exhibition, his paintings, although still displaying an interest in the effect of light, presented a more carefully composed scene such as Bal du moulin de la Galette, 1876.
In the 1880s, Renoir travelled to Italy where he came to admire the structural compositions and underdrawing of the Renaissance artists, in contrast to the en plein air technique favoured by the Impressionists. The trip to Italy had a crucial effect on his artistic style, moving his work towards more classical conceptions of draughtsmanship (绘画才能) and composition, as can be seen in his Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir died on the 3rd of December, 1919. Producing over two hundred works during his lifetime, Renoir greatly influenced later artists, ensuring his legacy (遗产) as one of the most influential artists of the 19th and 20th centuries.
1. What stirred up Renoir's interest in the French Rococo style?A.His father's painting technique. |
B.His frequent visits to the Louvre. |
C.His encounter with François Boucher. |
D.His painting study under Charles Gleyre. |
A.They met with insufficient recognition. |
B.They were highly regarded by art experts. |
C.They presented carefully composed scenes. |
D.They were heavily influenced by Impressionism. |
A.Thin brushstrokes. |
B.Use of underdrawing. |
C.Structural compositions. |
D.Stress on the effect of light. |
A.It made him adopt a classical painting style. |
B.It brought him considerable fame and wealth. |
C.It changed his view on life and his attitude to work. |
D.It improved his relationship with other Impressionists. |