What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a firiend wants to borrow some money from you. You say “I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself.” In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?
Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern Califormia has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men. particular when telling a “white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.
Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The up of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure make sit itch.
Another gesture which give liars away is that the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man-watching calls “the mouth cover” He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such as gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the lair to stop himself or herself from lying.
Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently n this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the lair away but whole number of things and in particular the context in which the lie is told.
1. According to the passage, a “white lie” seems to be a lie ________.A.that other people believe |
B.that other people don't believe |
C.told in order to avoid offending someone |
D.told in order to take advantage of someone |
A.generally lie far more than men do |
B.are better at telling less serious lies than men are |
C.lie at parties more often than men do |
D.often make promise they don't intend to keep |
A.he looks very serious |
B.his blood pressure increase considerably |
C.he uses his unconscious mind |
D.there tends to be some small changes in his behavior |
A.The touching of the tip of one's nose | B.The changes of one's behavior. |
C.The circumstances where the lie is told | D.“The mouth cover” gesture. |
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【推荐1】Four Top Skills I’ve Learned From My Kids
In my journey as an entrepreneur (企业家), one of the best sources of leadership development is parenthood. There’s one thing that being a parent and being a business leader have in common.
Give up control
As a parent, I’ve learned that there’s only so much control you can really have over your kids. They need to make their own decisions — and mistakes — and learn from them. You can try to control your kids when they are young.
Become more flexible (灵活)
We all make mistakes, and it can be tempting to hide those mistakes, especially from people you want to look up to you. But since we teach our kids to admit when they’ve made a mistake and apologize if they hurt someone, it’s important that we do the same when we make a mistake that hurts them.
Become more understanding and empathetic (共情的)
Emotional intelligence is one of the most important skills for effective leadership. And there’s nothing like being a parent to help you better understand people’s emotions and motivations.
A.Admit your mistakes |
B.Kids come with unknown risks |
C.It’s that there’s a lot to be learned |
D.As they grow up, you should let go |
E.You’d better stick to your perfect plan |
F.That can help you develop your empathy |
G.Correct the mistakes as soon as possible |
【推荐2】As COVID-19 broke out and spread in the world, many countries are changing their social habits to reduce the risk of spreading the novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒). Here are some of the ways that greeting habits are changing around the world.
China
Loudspeakers tell people not to shake hands but to make the traditional gongshou gesture(a fist in the opposite palm) to say hello.
France
France is famous for its romantic greetings. They touch each other's cheeks and make a kissing sound. But now, this habit may be coming to a stop. Newspapers in France have begun publishing advice on how to replace kissing on the cheek. French etiquette(礼仪) expert Philippe Lichtfus said that simply looking into a person's eyes can be enough as a greeting.
Spain
The outbreak could also hit one of Spain's most important traditions—in the week before Easter, known as Holy Week, the faithful (信徒) queue up to kiss the hands or feet of sculptures of the Virgin Mary and the saints, seeking their protection. It's said that the ceremony could be banned.
Iran
Traditionally, people in Iran shake hands to greet one another. But today, a video has been popular in Iran, showing three friends meeting, hands in their pockets and two of them wearing masks, tapping their feet against each other as a greeting.
1. Many countries are changing their social habits to ________.A.develop the relationship between countries | B.attract more visitors around the world |
C.reduce the risk of spreading COVID-19 | D.show respect for other countries |
A.gongshou | B.eye contact | C.foot tapping | D.hand kissing |
A.France | B.Iran | C.Spain | D.China |
A.Easter celebrations. | B.The Holy Week ceremony |
C.Spanish music festivals | D.The Marathon event |
【推荐3】Anyone can try to lead a group, but not every individual is cut out for leadership. The better leaders possess a few qualities that can mean the difference between the success and failure of the group. These are the qualities the leader of higher rank will look for when choosing a leader for a group, or when evaluating the performance of a leader. They're also the qualities team members want in a group leader, and appreciate when they find them.
Take Responsibility
Group leaders might share tasks around a group as necessary, but eventually a group leader needs to be able to accept that responsibility lies on his shoulders. That means that if things go wrong in a group project, he’s the one who must accept the consequences and work out what mistakes are made. The group leader won't always have the power to control everything group members do, but he should be ready to admit any mistakes the group has made as a result of his leadership
Concern for Members
The group leader has a commitment to the task or project at hand, but perhaps more importantly, he has a real concern for each and every person who is part of his group. This means getting to know the strengths, weaknesses and goals of team members, as well as making time to build the group through collective activities. The group leader should make sure that everyone is included, even if an individual is new to a group.
Good Listener
The group leader needs to be able to listen to the suggestions, complaints and ideas of group members. Not only will this allow complaints to be addressed and potentially suitable ideas to be put into practice, but a leader who listens will also encourage group members to share their concerns and thoughts, creating an atmosphere of free speech and productivity.
1. The passage is mainly about____________.A.choosing a good leader for a group. |
B.assessing the performance of a leader. |
C.team members’ appreciation of a leader. |
D.qualities of a good group leader. |
A.tell when things go wrong in a group project. |
B.recognize any mistakes as his own. |
C.make group members admit their mistakes. |
D.control everything group members do. |
A.fair | B.reliable |
C.determined | D.generous |
A.Offering a chance for group members to express themselves freely |
B.Making it possible to deal with group members’ complaints. |
C.Allowing the leader to put his ideas into practice. |
D.Making group members productive by sharing their thoughts. |
【推荐1】Christy and Ted Wilson set aside time every Sunday evening to go over their shared to-do list. Most of the items are tasks like scheduling doctor appointments and organizing play dates for their three young children.
In every relationship, there’s a question of who is pulling their weight around the house. Now that a majority of married-couple families have two working parents, the old “rough day at the office” excuse doesn’t really cut it.
Women still handle more of the household activities, but men increasingly are spending time on food preparation and cleanup. To keep things fair or at least to avoid fights, couples are turning to technology. They are using project management apps designed for the workplace to divide up and track household to-dos and reserving a portion of their date nights to compare chores. In some cases, they are even turning it into a game, setting rewards for getting things done.
The imbalance doesn’t always follow gender lines (性别界线). There was a time when Mr. Wilson was in more of a “Mr. Mom” role: He was attending business school, while Mrs. Wilson was clocking long hours as a lawyer. So Mr. Wilson had more flexibility to take on more of the child-care and household-management work. The couple’s roles changed after Mr. Wilson graduated and started an e-commerce company. “We have had a lot of switching back and forth of who was in the driver’s seat in terms of household management so one person wasn’t too put upon,” she said. They began using calendars to keep the family schedules straight and sharing a to-do list in the Notes app on their phones. Each can take on chores the other dislikes.
1. What does the underlined part “pulling their weight around the house” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Taking on the household chores. | B.Sharing the burden of buying a house. |
C.Running around the house to lose weight. | D.Making excuses for not doing any housework. |
A.To stop their arguments over dates. | B.To play phone games with each other. |
C.To share and follow household to-dos. | D.To reward themselves for doing the housework. |
A.Gender plays a key role in management. |
B.Couples need to switch their roles each day. |
C.Digital apps can only handle household arguments. |
D.Understanding and sharing can help solve problems. |
A.Ways to finish housework. | B.Advantages of the Notes app. |
C.A family to-do list goes digital. | D.Working parents face difficulties. |
【推荐2】The Best Ukrainian Movies of the Past Decade
In the past ten years, Ukrainian movies have received the attention of film festivals, making an impact on cinema. These are some of the best of the decade.
![]() | The Tribe Myroslav Slaboshpytskyi's 2014 crime drama The Tribe is the most successful Ukrainian movie; the film won 29 awards, including 4 awards at Cannes Film Festival. The Tribe is a silent movie with only sign language. It is a really shocking and sad film about the dark side of a school of the deaf. |
![]() | My Thoughts Are Silent My Thoughts Are Silent is a film from Antonio Lukich, a comedy about two-meter-tall Vadim, who has to record the voice of a very rare bird from Western Ukraine. To do this, Vadim goes on a trip with his mother, a taxi driver. Their journey is full of misunderstandings, but at the same time, jokes and warmth. My Thoughts Are Silent is a truly special and emotional film. |
![]() | Human with a Stool In 2004, director and traveler Leonid Kanter came up with a crazy idea; he decided to bring four stools(凳子)from his kitchen to the shores of the four oceans. Kanter and his friends, a group of friendly dreamers, set out on a journey with almost no money. The 2019 documentary film Human with a Stool tells the story of their extraordinary adventure. In 2018, Kanter passed away, and his friends finished Human with a Stool without him. |
![]() | Volcano The 2018 comedy-drama Volcano by Roman Bondarchuk follows a foreigner Lukas, who comes to Ukraine to carry out a task. In the Ukrainian village, Lucas meets a strange man named Vova, who shows Lucas the amazing world of the Ukrainian province. Volcano won 9 awards, including the awards at festivals in Brazil, Switzerland and China. It is a beautifully made work, both poetic and funny at the same time. |
A.The Tribe. | B.My Thoughts Are Silent. |
C.Human with a Stool. | D.Volcano. |
A.Leonid Kanter. | B.Antonio Lukich. |
C.Myroslav Slaboshpytskyi. | D.Roman Bondarchuk. |
A.They are both documentaries. | B.They are both amusing. |
C.They both focus on friendship. | D.They both tell the story of disasters. |
【推荐3】Bird migration is described as the regular, seasonal movement of bird populations from one place to another and back again.
The longer days and rich food of the northern summer provide greater chances for birds to feed their young. The longer daylight hours and enormous food resources allow birds to lay larger eggs than those of related non-migratory species that remain in the tropics all year round. As the days shorten in autumn and the breeding period is over, the birds return to warmer regions where the available food supply differs little with the seasons changing. The advantages of migration make up for the high stress, physical exertion(消耗), and other risks of the migration.
Day length is the primary environmental factor that encourages birds to prepare for migration. They have an increased appetite which results in weight gaining, giving them the fat reserves that provide energy for their migratory flight. They also show more activity at night, which is when most birds migrate. While the length of day is the primary reason for migration, birds also respond to temperature changes. For example, if a spring is late and the temperature is lower than normal, birds delay migration; if a spring is early, birds also begin migration early.
The timing of the migratory cycle must allow birds to arrive on the breeding site so that there is time to build a breeding place, mate, lay the eggs, and hatch the young before the rich food is available to feed the young in the nest. Similarly, if birds wait until the climate in their northern breeding grounds becomes tolerable(可忍受的), there will be no time to gain the necessary weight that provides the energy needed for their southbound migration.
1. Why do birds migrate to the north in spring?A.The temperature in the south has risen. |
B.They like traveling and enjoy the journey. |
C.The summer there is warmer than that in the south. |
D.The environment there is more suitable for them to feed their baby birds. |
A.Day length and food supply. |
B.Night length and high stress. |
C.Temperature changes and day length. |
D.Food supply and temperature changes. |
A.Birds' Life |
B.Birds' Migration |
C.Birds' Breeding Habits |
D.Birds' Living Environment |