The Nez Perce Indians are a tribe that lived in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. At the time of the Lewis and Clark expedition (探险队) , which was one of the first journeys by Americans from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast and back again, the Nez Perce territory (领土) covered about 17 million acres, covering parts of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. But that was a brief sweet history.
In September 1805, when Lewis and Clark came off the Rockies on their westward journey, the entire exploring party was hungry and ill -- too weak to defend themselves.
Had the Nez Perce chosen to attack them, they could have put an end to the Lewis and Clark expedition there on the banks of Clearwater River. Instead the Nez Perce welcomed the white Americans and looked after them until they made a full recovery. Thus began a long friendship between the Nez Perce and white Americans. But white men’s greed for land and gold finally broke the friendship.
In 1855 Governor Isaac Stevens of Washington Territory invited the Nez Perce to a peace conference. He said there were a great many white people in the country, and many more would come. But the Chief of the tribe at that time, Old Joseph, replied, “Take away your paper. I will not touch it with my hand.”
Things were quiet for a while after that, but not for long. When Old Joseph died, the chiefship was passed onto Young Joseph. In the late 1870s, government officials came to order the Nez Perce to leave the Wallowa Valley and then began hard battles between the Nez Perce and the white soldiers. After the tribe had fought thirteen battles and moved 1,600 miles to-wards Canada in an attempt to retreat(撤退) north, Young Joseph, gave in to the United States Army. Here was his famous statement, “Hear me my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.”
In 1885, Chief Joseph was sent along with many of his band to the Colville Reservation in Washington where Joseph continued to lead his band for another 25 years, at times coming into conflict with the leaders of 11 other tribes living on the reservation.(保留地，居留地)
1. What is TRUE about the Lewis and Clark expedition?| A．They were well cared for by the Nez Perce. |
| B．They ended their expedition on the banks of Clearwater River. |
| C．They started the first battle with the Nez Perce. |
| D．They were the first Americans to travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific. |
| A．Old Joseph’s proud manner |
| B．White men’s increasing demand for land and gold |
| C．A growing number of white men in the land |
| D．The breakdown of the peace talk |
| A．he grew older | B．he was terribly ill |
| C．he hated the war | D．he lost other chiefs’ support |
| A．the customs and traditions of the Nez Perce Indians |
| B．the last years of Chief Joseph in the Colville Reservation |
| C．lasting fights between the Nez Perce and the whites |
| D．constant conflicts between the Nez Perce and other tribes |
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【推荐1】It was August 2nd, 1927. The news had spread fast. A man named Ralph Peer was coming to the city of Bristol. He wanted to make recordings of local people singing and playing musical instruments. And he said he would pay fifty dollars for each song recorded. That was a lot of money in those days. Many people came to Bristol that day to play for Mr. Peer. But one group seemed to have just the sound that he was looking for. They were a man named A .P. Carter, his wife Sara, and her cousin Maybelle. They called themselves the Carter Family.
Their first recordings were sent to radio stations throughout the United States. Many listeners were surprised at what they heard. Instead of classical or jazz songs that radio stations usually played, a new sound was born. The Carter Family sounded different. They did not sound as if they had taken music lessons. But it did not matter. The people in poor rural areas thought they sounded just like their neighbors.
The Carters sang songs about living in the mountains of Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina. They sang about the love of a young man for a special girl. They sang about the beauty of nature. They sang about death and sadness. And they sang religious songs that told of the hope for a better life after death.
A .P. Carter sang in the group and also searched for new songs. He often traveled long distances to small towns in the south-eastern United States. He wanted to hear the songs that local people sang in their communities. He wrote down the words but kept the music in his memory. When he returned home, he helped Sara and Maybelle fit them to the Carter Family musical style.
The Carter Family soon became famous. They recorded more songs. They traveled to many cities and towns in the eastern United States to perform. Thousands of people heard them sing and bought their recordings. Some people estimate that within three years, the Carter Family sold three hundred thousand recordings.
1. When Mr. Peer heard the Carter Family’s singing, he most probably felt _________.| A．disappointed | B．calm |
| C．confused | D．excited |
| A．the family did not seem to be good at singing |
| B．what the family sang sounded uncomfortable |
| C．the family sang classical and jazz songs in a very different way |
| D．the family sang something that they had never heard before |
| A．To ask for some advice on his music. |
| B．To collect songs sung by the local people there. |
| C．To introduce his music to the local people there. |
| D．To see if the local people there had heard his music. |
| A．The Carter Family’s songs were different. |
| B．The Carter Family’s songs were well received. |
| C．The Carter Family became famous by accident. |
| D．The Carter Family became good at singing later. |
【推荐2】Angela Guzman was born in Bogotd, Colombia. At the age of 8 she moved to a tiny island in South Florida. The contrast was pretty vast. She didn’t speak any English, so she met with lots of challenges. At school, she would get stuck because she couldn’t understand or be understood. She thought “Well, everyone understands a picture! Why don’t I start drawing to communicate?” That was what she did. She tried hard to create pictures to show her meanings exactly, and then she became known as the artist in the classroom, from third grade through her whole years of secondary schooling. Later she chose to study design in college.
When Angela began her work in a big company, she was tasked with designing emojis — the company’s very first. At first, she intended to refuse the task because she had no idea what the word meant and what emojis would be used for. Her mentor (导师) said that the emoji was an icon (图标), an image, or a type of illustration, sharing joy, surprise, anger, fear, sorrow, love and so on.
Angela then began to study micro-expressions of humans and simplify or exaggerate (夸大) them in an illustrative manner. For example, the eyebrows make a V in anger and an upside down V in surprise. When she designed object emojis, she often turned to real-life items. She went to the party supply store,buying party poppers (派对烟花) to watch how the colorful paper pieces came out, and how light reflected off them. They were hard to capture, but Angela tried to make it.
Later, the tiny icons Angela and her mentor created were born and soon used by millions of people. When people praised Angela for her emoji design, she replied, “Actually, it’s an experience that teaches me a lot. One major thing is empathy (同理心) for communities worldwide. I pay close attention to the symbolism of color and the cultural symbolism overall. I think the cultural questions are important. For example, how do we make sure that every culture, every accent, or every person that speaks to these devices feels included? That was something I struggled with early on. This kind of thinking allowed my mind to be inclusive and mindful of everyone who would use the product.”
1. What can we learn about Angela’s childhood?| A．She had a hidden talent for language. |
| B．She was good at communicating through drawing. |
| C．She often held views different from her classmates, |
| D．She was always on the move with her family. |
| A．By diving into real life. |
| B．By referring to some popular emojis. |
| C．By gaining related knowledge of emojis. |
| D．By seeking help from experienced people. |
| A．Her mentor guided her in every detail. |
| B．Her design was inclusive of varied cultures. |
| C．She introduced color elements to her works. |
| D．She had a thoughtful attitude towards the poor. |
| A．What Influence a Mentor Has on a Girl |
| B．How a Humorous Girl Achieves Success |
| C．How a Girl Develops into an Emoji Designer |
| D．What Contributes to the Invention of Emojis |
【推荐3】A million species are facing extinction. A million, that is enough to make most scream. Some species are becoming extinct because of poaching （偷猎）.Even Namibia, which has a spectacular conservation record, hasn't been safe from that. Since 2015, poaching has caused the loss of 50 black rhinos （犀牛）annually in Namibia.
Globally, there is a $ 23-billion-a-year trade in illegal wildlife products. Driven by a demand in some countries, where the rhino horn （角）is thought to be a cure for some diseases, it sells for up to $ 100,000 per kilo on the black market. This illegal trade is making some people very rich, but it isn't rural Africans. Here, poor people are convinced to trade the life of a rhino for a few hundred dollars, which may bring the possibility of years in prison. In fact, rhino horn is made mostly of keratin, the same substance as found in our fingernails and hair.
To help slow down this reality, I took a trip to Namibia, determined to make a difference to black rhino conservation. The first stop, Mount Etjo Safari Lodge, was where I heard Nossi's story. Nossi, a black rhino, was born in Etosha National Park, a place where my parents and I spent many holidays when I was young. When Nossi was born, her mother was stressed and pushed her around. By the time the vet arrived, Nossi only had a 10% chance of survival. With massive investment of time, energy and care, Nossi survived and, last year, she gave birth to her eighth child. In a population in danger of extinction, this represents an important increase in the world's black rhino population. All of these efforts have paid off and I learned that my support matters. Your support matters too. Because together, we can save the rhino. Together, it is likely that we can change the world.
1. What does the first paragraph try to tell us?| A．The problem of species extinction has been solved. |
| B．The problem of species extinction is serious, |
| C．Namibia has an excellent conservation record. |
| D．It's easy to stop the extinction of species. |
| A．They are believed to cure some diseases. |
| B．They can make people live much longer. |
| C．They can replace some kinds of metals. |
| D．They have made most poor Africans rich. |
| A．Her mother had little milk for her. |
| B．The weather was very terrible that day. |
| C．There was no good medicine at that time. |
| D．She was pushed around by her mother. |
| A．The urgent effort to save black rhinos |
| B．The protection of wildlife |
| C．A wildlife reserve in Namibia |
| D．The story about young black rhino Nossi |
【推荐1】Nike’s “Just do it” slogan is undoubtedly a killer line-and now it's been revealed that the inspiration for it came from an actual killer. The phrase, first used in a Nike advertisement in 1988 was brought to the firm by advertising executive Dan Wieden, who admitted that it was borrowed from something a Utah murderer spoke as he faced a firing squad. The murderer in question was Gary Gilmore, who was sentenced to death in 1977 for robbing and killing two men in Utah the previous year.
Mr Wieden, speaking at an advertising conference in February, said that he recalled this line in 1988 just before he had a marketing campaign meeting with Nike bosses, and decided to suggest a slightly changed version as a slogan. His company had been sent in by Nike to help them fight back rivals Reebok, who had just announced bigger profits. Mr Wieden said: “We came up with five different 30 second spots. The night before a meeting with Nike, I got concerned because there wasn’t a strong connection to them all. Some were funny, some were serious. So I thought we need a slogan to pull them together. I wrote about four or five ideas. I narrowed it down to the last one, which was ‘Just do it’. The reason I did that one was funny because I was recalling a man in Portland. He murdered a man and a woman, and was put before a firing squad. And they asked him if he had any final thoughts and he said: “Let’s do it. And for some reason I didn’t like ‘Let’s do it’ so I just changed it to ‘Just do it’.”
At first, he recalled, Nike hated the idea, but he won them round and the slogan appeared at the end of an advert featuring 80-year-old runner Walt Stack. It is now one of the most famous slogans in the world, described by Campaign magazine as “arguably the best tagline of the 20th century”.
1. Why does the author write this passage?| A．He intends to tell the story of Gary Gilmore the murderer. |
| B．He wants to say that the famous slogan was inspired by a murderer. |
| C．He attempts to say that Nike once had a difficult time in development. |
| D．He wants to introduce the best slogan of the20th century. |
| A．He said “Just do it” before he was put to death. |
| B．He competed against Nike in the 1980s. |
| C．He robbed and murdered two men in Utah.. |
| D．He worked as the advertising executive at Nike. |
| A．Nike was having a hard time in 1988. |
| B．Nike was very competitive around the world. |
| C．Gary Gilmore taught a good lesson about advertisement. |
| D．Either funny or serious slogans are not impressive. |
| A．His idea was funny as it was borrowed from a murderer. |
| B．He was not pleased with any of the five parts. |
| C．The advertising lines were too serious to be attractive. |
| D．A slogan was needed to connect five parts together. |
【推荐2】On a July afternoon in 1937, 15-year-old Betty Brown was playing with her father’s shortwave radio at home in Florida. She was searching for her favorite songs so she could copy the lyrics（词句） down in a notebook. While daydreaming, Brown turned the dial on the radio until she heard something that made her stop. It was a voice that sounded familiar. Back in those days, news clips（新闻摘要） were played at movie theatres. Brown recognized the voice from one of the news film she had seen.
“I heard Amelia Earhart in a frightened voice, a heartbreaking voice,” Brown recalled in a 2007 interview. “She was saying, ‘This is Amelia Earhart Putnam, please help me. Please hear me.’”
Brown quickly began writing down what she heard --- parts of desperate conversations between the woman who she believed was Earhart and an unknown man. Later, she descided that the man must have been Earhart’s navigator（领航员）, Fred Noonan. As the signal faded in and out, Brown never left the radio. She scribbled（潦草地写） away as Earhart and Noonan struggled for control of the radio. Earhart tried to prevent Noonan from leaving the plane after they had obviously crash-landed. All the while, Earhart repeated strings of numbers and mentioned rising water. After about three hours, Earhart and Noonan were seemingly forced to give up the plane as it was filled with water, and the distress calls（遇险呼救） stopped.
Brown and her father both tried to give her notes to the United States Coast Guard, but they were told that the situation was under control. The search for Earhart was given up after a great effort was made, and Brown finally stopped trying to tell people what she heard. But she kept her notebook. In 2000, people from an organization researching Earhart’s disappearance asked to see it. The researchers were convinced that Brown’s notes were reliable. If the researchers are right, the notes are a priceless, yet sorrowful, record of the sad ending of an American hero.
1. Betty Brown stayed by the radio for so long because she ________.| A．was waiting for her music to come back on |
| B．enjoyed recording people’s conversation |
| C．wanted to gather more information about Earhart’s situation |
| D．wanted to take notes for a book about Earhart |
| A．did not want to look for Earhart | B．did not take Brown’s notes seriously |
| C．wanted Brown to help them find Earhart | D．already knew where Earhart was |
| A．She hoped that it would be worth some money. |
| B．She felt Amelia Earhart would someday be found. |
| C．She wanted to write a song about Amelia Earhart. |
| D．She believed it contained valuable information. |
| A．Determined | B．Outstanding | C．Independent | D．Careless. |
【推荐3】The night the Titanic sank
From a high place on the ship, Fred Fleet, who worked on the Titanic, saw the iceberg just a few hundred metres a way. He rang the bell to warn the people to stop the ship.
Soon after midnight, the crew of the Californian saw rockets going up into the sky from the Titanic. Their captain said, “Fireworks!
At 2:20 am on April 15th the Titanic finally sank. Another ship, the Carpathia, heard the Titanic's last call for help.
| A．The accident happened at about 11:40 pm. |
| B．Everyone was very proud of the Titanic. |
| C．The passengers of the Titanic are having a party. |
| D．It was 58 miles away, but it raced to help the ship. |
| E．But it was travelling too fast to stop, and it hit the iceberg. |
| F．Before the accident, the Titanic had received an ice warning. |
| G．A lot of people stayed on the ship instead of trying to escape. |
