【推荐2】阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。

Is it a tree? Is it a bear? If you’re looking at a tree in the shape of a bear, it’s a topiary. A topiary is a tree or bush that is trained into a shape. Topiaries are a kind of sculpture. Growing topiary garden takes both time and skill.

The first thing a topiary gardener does is make a drawing. The drawing shows the form the gardener would like a tree or bush to take. The gardener then chooses the bush for the topiary. It may be one that has just been planted or one that is already in place. Special bushes are used for topiaries. These bushes are yew, privet, or boxwood.

In June of the plant’s first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leaves grow, it is time to shape the bottom of the bush. The gardener shapes the bottom of the bush for about five years. The top is not trimmed during this time.

In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping. That’s when the gardener begins to shape the whole bush. Sometimes branches are bent (使弯曲) to form a shape. The gardener ties the branches in place.

Once a topiary has been started, it needs care all year. In summer it must be clipped many times to keep its shape. This cutting also helps the bush grow. In winter the bushes don’t grow. The gardeners have to brush snow off the plants. Snow can hurt the flat parts of the plants.

Topiary gardening is a very old art. The Romans did it in the first century. In the sixteenth century, people in Europe liked topiaries too. The Dutch and French grew very pretty topiaries in their neat gardens. In the late 1600s, topiaries were also grown in America. Today, there is a topiary garden in Williamsburg, Virginia. It’s much like a garden that grew there hundreds of years ago.

1. What is a topiary? (不多于13个单词)
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2. When does the gardener begin to shape the whole bush? (不多于4个单词)
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3. What care does a topiary need in summer? (不多于12个单词)
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4. What do you think of topiary gardening? Please explain why. (单词数不限)
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【推荐3】Bananas and apples continue to ripen after being picked. Cherries and grapes do not. The difference between climacteric (后熟的) and non-climacteric fruits matters to fruit growers and greengrocers, who must ensures their products are in excellent condition when arriving at the marketplace. But how those differences originally came about remains unclear.

In a paper in Biology Letters, Fukano Yuya and Tachiki Yuuya of the University of Tokyo offer a suggestion. Fruits, they observe, exist to solve a problem faced by all plants - how best to spread their progeny around. Wrapping their seeds in a sugary flesh, to provide a tasty meal, serves as a way to got animals to do this for them. They do, however, need to ensure their fruits favour the animals most likely to do the distributing. They propose that climacterism or non-climacterism is a way to achieve this. If ground-living animals are the main distributors, then the continuing ripening of fallen fruit is beneficial. If, by contrast, those distributors are tree-living or flying animals, which can feed on unfallen fruit, then non-climacteric fruits will do well.

To test their idea, the two researchers combed through 276 papers about 80 sorts of fruits. They discovered 35 of these fruits were eaten by both groups of animals. But of those where one group or the other were the dominant consumers, 15 of the 19 eaten mainly by ground-living animals were climacteric.

Their assumption is strengthened by other evidence. They point out non-climacteric fruits tend to have vivid colors which may help them stand out amid the leaves, advertising their presence. Climacteric fruits are generally better hidden, making them harder to spot until they have fallen to the ground.

1. What did the two researchers try to find out through their study?

A．What enables fruits to stay in perfect condition.

B．How some fruits stand out in the trees, but others fail.

C．How many animals play the role of distributors for fruits.

D．Why some fruits stop ripening when picked, and others don't.

2. What does the underlined word "progeny" in the second paragraph mean?

A．Later generations.	B．Hidden qualities.
C．Fresh fragrance.	D．Unknown disease.

3. What do we know about non-climacteric fruits?

A．Bananas definitely fall into the category.

B．They may appeal to flying birds.

C．They tend to remain hidden among leaves.

D．Ground-living animals generally feed on them.

4. What's the best title of this text?

A．The Condition of Products: What Greengrocers Care.

B．The Reproduction of Plants: Depending on Themselves.

C．The Evolution of Fruit: Finding the Right Distributors.

D．The Choice of Animals: Looking for bright-colored fruits.