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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:40 题号:14192454

If there is no difference in general intelligence between boys and girls, what can explain girls’ poor performance in science and math?

It has been suggested that girls do not take math courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons. Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine (女性的) and attractive (有魅力的).

However, there are still more high-achieving boys than girls when taking math exams. This difference appears to be worldwide. Biological explanations have been offered for this, but there are other explanations too.

Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences. From their first days in kindergarten, boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks. Facts show that outstanding mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who gave answers.

Besides, there can be little doubt that teachers of math and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students. They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls. They spend more time with the boy students, giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them. They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion. They also praise boys more frequently. All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and math and to give them confidence that they are able to succeed.

Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many math and science courses, nor is it likely to support girls who do. When it comes to these subjects it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls.

1. Why does the author raise a question in paragraph 1?
A.To find differences between boys and girls.
B.To explain the poor performance of girls.
C.To ask readers a question.
D.To introduce the topic.
2. The text mainly discusses ________ reasons for the difference between boys and girls in scientific achievements.
A.biologicalB.personalC.socialD.historical
3. What does the text say about great mathematicians?
A.Their teachers did not offer answers to them.
B.They started learning math at an earlier age.
C.They showed mathematical abilities in their teenage years.
D.Their success resulted from their strong interest in math.
4. The author would probably agree that ________.
A.boys and girls learn in the same way
B.boys and girls are equal in general intelligence
C.girls are more confident in themselves than before
D.girls should take fewer science courses than boys

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阅读理解-阅读单选(约550词) | 适中 (0.65)
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文章大意:这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了给人小费的新规定及一些行业的小费新规定。
【推荐1】
Know how much to tip
New rules of gratuities

The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips. Some haven’t been able to do their jobs at all, while others don’t interact with customers the same way. In either case, tips dried up, causing a lot of people to suffer. Meanwhile, many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced.

Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over.

Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay:

Give more if you can.
It’s common for tips to be divided between all the workers at a store or restaurant, not just those who interact directly with customers. So giving generously ensures a fairer tip for all.
Think outside the (cash) box.
You can also “tip” with a thank-you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names.
Treat business owners differently.
A practice of the past, tipping the boss separately is no longer necessary. But if he provides you with your service, tip him as you would any of his workers.
As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend:
FOOD AND DRINKS
Restaurant workers
Old rule: Leave a tip only when you dine in.
New rule: Always tip, even for takeout.
Tip: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders.
Personal shoppers
Old rule: N/A(Not applicable). Many of these services, such as grocery pickup, are newer.
New rule: Tip, and do it in the app, since you are unlikely to interact directly with your shopper.
Tip: 10 to 15 percent. If a tip is already included, add a few dollars extra.
HOME DELIVERIES
Package delivery drivers
Old rule: Don’t tip.
New rule: Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week.
Tip: Drinks, snacks, or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large. Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year. UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists. And FedEX prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards).
Flower delivery drivers
Old rule: The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers (and other specialty items).
New rule: You can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, so if you’re lucky enough to get such a delivery, pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip.
Tip: $5 to $10.
PERSONAL SERVICES
Ride-share drivers
Old rule: Tip in cash.
New rule: Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash.
Tip: 15 to 20 percent.
1. New rules of tipping are recommended because ________.
A.the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin
B.some people have to work from home without interaction
C.some old standards can’t help out some service workers now
D.customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves
2. Which of the following is TRUE?
A.Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself.
B.Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude
C.The more you tip, the more those who interact directly with you will get.
D.There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn’t provide any service.
3. Which of the following people did best in tipping according to the recommended rules?
NamesSituationsTips
Michaelorder a roast goose ($50) at Kam’s Roasts for takeoutNone
Susantake a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water, 500ml, 24-pack)None
Brittanyreceive a bunch of flower delivered by a Flower Plus driver$5(cash) for the gardener
Steventake an Uber ($15) from St Vincent’s Hospital to the Central Library$3(cash) for the driver
A.MichaelB.StevenC.BrittanyD.Susan
2023-12-17更新 | 126次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了芭比娃娃的历史,芭比的存在意义。

【推荐2】What is the ideal physique(体形)? The answer is ever-changing. But it is to a large extent work of a single company that dominated the past 60 years of body image standards.

Since its creation in 1959, Barbie has been in the leading position of promoting hardly attainable body image standards, for which it was often heavily criticized. Scientific research shows that the probability of achieving a Barbie-like body shape is less than 1 in 100,000!

Mattel, the company behind the Barbie doll, has recognized that the 60s’ idea of good body image is long gone. In an effort to keep up with social change, Mattel is adjusting the dolls' body type and skin color, introducing special editions.

There is now a Barbie in a wheelchair. There is a Barbie Astronaut, Rescuer, or Engineer. In their latest Barbie special edition, Mattel honors the women fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, including Dame Sarah Gilbert. In the hope that Mattel is adapting to modern corporate standards just as well as it is to social change, we’re attracted by what the company's sustainability data may tell us.

What does the data tell us? To answer this question, we’ve launched a sustainability-focused beauty contest-with Mattel as one of the contestants. The company scores relatively well on environmental and social metrics(衡量标准).However, in terms of diversity, Mattel is well below its competitor, Hasbro. This being said, the judges advise that beauty should be equally defined by the inside and the outside.

What does this mean? Be body-positive! As we’re approaching the second quarter of the 21st century, the importance of a healthy relationship between mind and body is being recognized. And with this, body image standards are changing, allowing for more freedom of expression and identity.

Mattel’s efforts in product diversity are a welcome step in the right direction, as the doll has its very own influence. We believe that Barbie’s future lies in the empowerment(赋予力量)of today’s youth, contributing toward a generation of confident individuals.

1. How does scientific research evaluate a Barbie-like body shape?
A.It needs much luck to achieve it.
B.It's almost impossible to achieve it.
C.There is increasing probability of achieving it.
D.It's a breakthrough in attainable body image standards.
2. Why does Mattel develop new editions of Barbie dolls?
A.To score well on social metrics.
B.To launch a beauty contest.
C.To keep pace with the times.
D.To define what is real beauty.
3. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of Barbie?
A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Uncertain.D.Uninterested.
4. What is the best title for this text?
A.The Future of Barb
B.New Metrics for Body Image
C.A Deep Dive into Barbie’s World
D.A Great Change in Body Image Standards
2023-11-06更新 | 51次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐3】Last year, a popular restaurant released a live stream of a family dining in it, without asking their permission. After finding out what the restaurant was doing, the family showed their objection, but the restaurant ignored it and insisted that they had the right to do it. Moreover, they tried to silence the family, saying that their behavior was damaging the restaurant's image. This event has caused a debate on the violation of privacy and portrait rights by webcasts.

It doesn't bother some people when their images are unconsciously recorded by cameras and shown through live streams on different online platforms. They may even enjoy appearing on screens and cooperate with some businesses. In that way, the restaurant can have more public exposure and thus attract more customers, which is their purpose of webcasting. However, others including the family mentioned above, are against it. The family thought that their portrait rights were violated, considering no one had asked if it was okay to use the images of them. They found intolerable that their actions captured by the camera were webcast live to millions of viewers, not to mention the fact that some of them were not so decent. Thus they demanded an apology from restaurant.

People may behave in a relaxed way when eating or resting, and they don't want others to see them in this way. Thus, from a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their customers for commercial reasons, they have violated customers portrait rights.

Webcasting someone without his or her consent amounts to a violation of portrait rights, which is getting increasingly common these days as cellphone webcasting is growing in popularity for technical convenience, However, public awareness of privacy protection is still falling behind. More should be done to make sure webcasting is developing sustainably, without violating people's legal rights.

1. What is the major issue argued in the passage?
A.A famous restaurant published a live stream of a family dining in it.
B.The family showed their objection to the famous restaurant's webcast.
C.The restaurant ignored the objection and insisted they had the right to do it.
D.The restaurant claimed that the family was damaging the restaurant's image.
2. What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Customers enjoy appearing on screens.
B.Customers cooperate with some businesses.
C.Customers are shown through live streams online.
D.Customers are unconsciously recorded by cameras.
3. Which of the following behaviors may violate customers' privacy and portrait rights?
A.Businesses webcast customers live according to their agreement.
B.Businesses webcast customers for commercial reasons and pay them.
C.Businesses webcast customers improper actions with their permission.
D.Businesses webcast customers behaving in a relaxed way without informing them.
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A.Public awareness of privacy protection is increasing
B.A famous restaurant released a live stream of a family
C.How can people behave in a relaxed way when having a rest
D.A debate on whether webcasts violate privacy and portrait rights
5. What is the author's attitude toward webcasts?
A.Objective.
B.Negative.
C.Positive.
D.Subjective.
2021-03-13更新 | 446次组卷
共计 平均难度:一般