If there is no difference in general intelligence between boys and girls, what can explain girls’ poor performance in science and math?
It has been suggested that girls do not take math courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons. Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine (女性的) and attractive (有魅力的).
However, there are still more high-achieving boys than girls when taking math exams. This difference appears to be worldwide. Biological explanations have been offered for this, but there are other explanations too.
Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences. From their first days in kindergarten, boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks. Facts show that outstanding mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who gave answers.
Besides, there can be little doubt that teachers of math and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students. They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls. They spend more time with the boy students, giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them. They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion. They also praise boys more frequently. All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and math and to give them confidence that they are able to succeed.
Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many math and science courses, nor is it likely to support girls who do. When it comes to these subjects it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls.
1. Why does the author raise a question in paragraph 1?A.To find differences between boys and girls. |
B.To explain the poor performance of girls. |
C.To ask readers a question. |
D.To introduce the topic. |
A.biological | B.personal | C.social | D.historical |
A.Their teachers did not offer answers to them. |
B.They started learning math at an earlier age. |
C.They showed mathematical abilities in their teenage years. |
D.Their success resulted from their strong interest in math. |
A.boys and girls learn in the same way |
B.boys and girls are equal in general intelligence |
C.girls are more confident in themselves than before |
D.girls should take fewer science courses than boys |
相似题推荐
Know how much to tip New rules of gratuities | ||
The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips. Some haven’t been able to do their jobs at all, while others don’t interact with customers the same way. In either case, tips dried up, causing a lot of people to suffer. Meanwhile, many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced. Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay: | ||
Give more if you can. It’s common for tips to be divided between all the workers at a store or restaurant, not just those who interact directly with customers. So giving generously ensures a fairer tip for all. | Think outside the (cash) box. You can also “tip” with a thank-you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names. | Treat business owners differently. A practice of the past, tipping the boss separately is no longer necessary. But if he provides you with your service, tip him as you would any of his workers. |
As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend: FOOD AND DRINKS Restaurant workers Old rule: Leave a tip only when you dine in. New rule: Always tip, even for takeout. Tip: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. Personal shoppers Old rule: N/A(Not applicable). Many of these services, such as grocery pickup, are newer. New rule: Tip, and do it in the app, since you are unlikely to interact directly with your shopper. Tip: 10 to 15 percent. If a tip is already included, add a few dollars extra. HOME DELIVERIES Package delivery drivers Old rule: Don’t tip. New rule: Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week. Tip: Drinks, snacks, or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large. Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year. UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists. And FedEX prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards). Flower delivery drivers Old rule: The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers (and other specialty items). New rule: You can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, so if you’re lucky enough to get such a delivery, pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. Tip: $5 to $10. PERSONAL SERVICES Ride-share drivers Old rule: Tip in cash. New rule: Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash. Tip: 15 to 20 percent. |
A.the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin |
B.some people have to work from home without interaction |
C.some old standards can’t help out some service workers now |
D.customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves |
A.Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself. |
B.Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude |
C.The more you tip, the more those who interact directly with you will get. |
D.There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn’t provide any service. |
Names | Situations | Tips |
Michael | order a roast goose ($50) at Kam’s Roasts for takeout | None |
Susan | take a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water, 500ml, 24-pack) | None |
Brittany | receive a bunch of flower delivered by a Flower Plus driver | $5(cash) for the gardener |
Steven | take an Uber ($15) from St Vincent’s Hospital to the Central Library | $3(cash) for the driver |
A.Michael | B.Steven | C.Brittany | D.Susan |
【推荐2】What is the ideal physique(体形)? The answer is ever-changing. But it is to a large extent work of a single company that dominated the past 60 years of body image standards.
Since its creation in 1959, Barbie has been in the leading position of promoting hardly attainable body image standards, for which it was often heavily criticized. Scientific research shows that the probability of achieving a Barbie-like body shape is less than 1 in 100,000!
Mattel, the company behind the Barbie doll, has recognized that the 60s’ idea of good body image is long gone. In an effort to keep up with social change, Mattel is adjusting the dolls' body type and skin color, introducing special editions.
There is now a Barbie in a wheelchair. There is a Barbie Astronaut, Rescuer, or Engineer. In their latest Barbie special edition, Mattel honors the women fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, including Dame Sarah Gilbert. In the hope that Mattel is adapting to modern corporate standards just as well as it is to social change, we’re attracted by what the company's sustainability data may tell us.
What does the data tell us? To answer this question, we’ve launched a sustainability-focused beauty contest-with Mattel as one of the contestants. The company scores relatively well on environmental and social metrics(衡量标准).However, in terms of diversity, Mattel is well below its competitor, Hasbro. This being said, the judges advise that beauty should be equally defined by the inside and the outside.
What does this mean? Be body-positive! As we’re approaching the second quarter of the 21st century, the importance of a healthy relationship between mind and body is being recognized. And with this, body image standards are changing, allowing for more freedom of expression and identity.
Mattel’s efforts in product diversity are a welcome step in the right direction, as the doll has its very own influence. We believe that Barbie’s future lies in the empowerment(赋予力量)of today’s youth, contributing toward a generation of confident individuals.
1. How does scientific research evaluate a Barbie-like body shape?A.It needs much luck to achieve it. |
B.It's almost impossible to achieve it. |
C.There is increasing probability of achieving it. |
D.It's a breakthrough in attainable body image standards. |
A.To score well on social metrics. |
B.To launch a beauty contest. |
C.To keep pace with the times. |
D.To define what is real beauty. |
A.Positive. | B.Negative. | C.Uncertain. | D.Uninterested. |
A.The Future of Barb |
B.New Metrics for Body Image |
C.A Deep Dive into Barbie’s World |
D.A Great Change in Body Image Standards |
【推荐3】Last year, a popular restaurant released a live stream of a family dining in it, without asking their permission. After finding out what the restaurant was doing, the family showed their objection, but the restaurant ignored it and insisted that they had the right to do it. Moreover, they tried to silence the family, saying that their behavior was damaging the restaurant's image. This event has caused a debate on the violation of privacy and portrait rights by webcasts.
It doesn't bother some people when their images are unconsciously recorded by cameras and shown through live streams on different online platforms. They may even enjoy appearing on screens and cooperate with some businesses. In that way, the restaurant can have more public exposure and thus attract more customers, which is their purpose of webcasting. However, others including the family mentioned above, are against it. The family thought that their portrait rights were violated, considering no one had asked if it was okay to use the images of them. They found intolerable that their actions captured by the camera were webcast live to millions of viewers, not to mention the fact that some of them were not so decent. Thus they demanded an apology from restaurant.
People may behave in a relaxed way when eating or resting, and they don't want others to see them in this way. Thus, from a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their customers for commercial reasons, they have violated customers portrait rights.
Webcasting someone without his or her consent amounts to a violation of portrait rights, which is getting increasingly common these days as cellphone webcasting is growing in popularity for technical convenience, However, public awareness of privacy protection is still falling behind. More should be done to make sure webcasting is developing sustainably, without violating people's legal rights.
1. What is the major issue argued in the passage?A.A famous restaurant published a live stream of a family dining in it. |
B.The family showed their objection to the famous restaurant's webcast. |
C.The restaurant ignored the objection and insisted they had the right to do it. |
D.The restaurant claimed that the family was damaging the restaurant's image. |
A.Customers enjoy appearing on screens. |
B.Customers cooperate with some businesses. |
C.Customers are shown through live streams online. |
D.Customers are unconsciously recorded by cameras. |
A.Businesses webcast customers live according to their agreement. |
B.Businesses webcast customers for commercial reasons and pay them. |
C.Businesses webcast customers improper actions with their permission. |
D.Businesses webcast customers behaving in a relaxed way without informing them. |
A.Public awareness of privacy protection is increasing |
B.A famous restaurant released a live stream of a family |
C.How can people behave in a relaxed way when having a rest |
D.A debate on whether webcasts violate privacy and portrait rights |
A.Objective. |
B.Negative. |
C.Positive. |
D.Subjective. |
【推荐1】On November 4th, 2020, the draft that math should be listed as a major national project during the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021—25)period was adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, reported China Daily.
Katherine Johnson (1918—2020), a former NASA mathematician who calculated and analyzed flight paths for many missions, once said: “Some things will drop out of the public eye and go away, but there will always be science, engineering, and technology. And there will always, always be mathematics.” This may be one of the reasons why our country has listed math and its applications as a major national project into the next Five-Year Plan.
“The policy and financial support for the field of mathematics will be greatly improved between 2021 and 2025 compared with the past five years—it’s unprecedented,” said Yuan Yaxiang, a mathematician and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He also stressed that mathematical research matters because it can help overcome some current technology bottlenecks.
According to Science and Technology Minister Wang Zhigang, basic scientific research, including mathematics, will have a larger focus during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, with funding expected to reach over 8 percent of all research and development (R&D) expenses.
The math project is expected to receive 1.5 billion yuan in funding, according to Yuan. The funding will be used to build new institutions for scientific research and support the current ones with new experimental equipment. More training for young mathematicians has also been urged.
Thịs year, Tsinghua University carried out a leading talent training program in math. It recruits hundreds of outstanding middle and senior high school students from across the country to cultivate leading talents in mathematics and related fields. The “strengthening basic disciplines plan” was launched in 2020 at 36 top universities.
According to the German newspaper Die Welt, China leads the way as far as those with an aptitude for math. Of all those born in China between 2005 and 2009, 24 million have exhibited a talent for math. The number is 1.8 million and 940,000 in Japan and South Korea, respectively. That's why many international companies like Apple have set their research centers in China.
1. Why has our country listed math as a major national project in the 14th Five-Year Plan?A.Because math has dropped out of the public eye. |
B.Because the government intends to arouse the public’s interest in math. |
C.Because math is the basic science that will always be there. |
D.Because some mathematicians attach importance to it. |
A.A middle school student talented in politics. |
B.A high school student good at physics. |
C.A primary school student gifted in mathematics. |
D.A postgraduate with a natural gift in chemistry. |
A.We will overcome current technology bottlenecks. |
B.China will give unprecedented financial support to math researches. |
C.1.5 billion yuan will be used to train more young mathematicians. |
D.Many international companies will set up research centers in china. |
A.Math has played an important role in the development of a country. |
B.China carried out some policies to overcome difficulties in math. |
C.Math has been listed as a major national project in the 14th Five-Year Plan period. |
D.Leading talents will be admitted for further training. |
【推荐2】Year-round Schooling
Traditional schools in America operate on a 9-month system, but today many people prefer year-round schooling.
Students in year-round schools attend school the same number of days as students in traditional nine-month schools.
The major advantage of year-round schooling is that it provides the continuous learning that can be lost over a long vacation as the students are not ever out of school for a long period of time.
Overall, people generally have positive attitudes toward year-round schooling. Disadvantages include the inconvenience to families with children in both traditional and year-round schools.
A.Thus there is always one group of students on vacation. |
B.For example, it makes it difficult to make vacation plans. |
C.Another advantage of year-round schooling is that it saves money for students. |
D.What’s different about year-round schools is that the days are arranged differently. |
E.In addition, year-round schooling is often chosen as a cost-cutting measure. |
F.That is why many families accept both kinds of schooling. |
G.As a result, the students forget less of what they learned over the shorter breaks. |
【推荐3】There are so many benefits of volunteering. It connects us with people who may come from different life experiences.
Animal lovers
Caretakers
Many teens are quite gifted in working with young children.
Artists
Depending on teens’ skill level, perhaps your teen artist could volunteer to teach classes at a local community center. Check with local recreation or child care centers to see if they need volunteers to lead some art lessons or simply create with children.
Bakers
Is your kid a chef or baker? Prepare a meal or bake a treat for your local police officers, fire fighters. You might also consider taking a meal to your local hospital.
Encourage teens to use their gifts and talents to serve others is a win-win situation. They’re doing something they enjoy.
A.It is not easy to cook every day. |
B.Do you have an animal-loving teen? |
C.There are many volunteer opportunities for them. |
D.It helps us feel a part of something larger than ourselves. |
E.Are your children interested in volunteering after school? |
F.They can bring enjoyment to others, which brings them joy, too. |
G.In our area, there are groups who regularly deliver meals to poor families. |
【推荐1】Lining up to board a plane has become a star k indicator of how our society has commodified (商品化的) the very act of waiting. The more you pay, the sooner you can get on the plane and the less likely you will have to check a bag. It’s not just airlines, it’s also museums, online purchases and amusement parks where VIP status can help you avoid lines. When did the act of waiting get such a bad reputation?
The very act of waiting can enhance our appreciation of something. We savor (欣赏) the anticipation like a child waiting for Christmas or summer vacation. Perhaps the person waiting in line to see his favorite singer perform in concert relishes the night more because of the time invested in getting into the venue.
As our world has sped up, this desirable balance between instant and delayed gratification (满足) is at ever greater odds with the current expectations of many people. This change has a negative impact on mental health both individually and collectively. When we look down upon the act of waiting, we risk losing an important part of our shared humanity. Being forced to wait is often seen as a sign of being less well off or ‘not in the game’. It encourages privileged impatience and disrespect for those who are caught waiting.
The ability to wait patiently is very important for a civitized society; it’s a key skill we all need. If we lose our patience and can’t wait in line or for our turn, we end up feeling the stress of a fast-paced world. Furthermore, if we call people who wait “losers”, we are being unfair and may act without thinking about how our actions affect others. This kind of thinking makes us see those who wait as different and less important, which is a harmful way to treat others.
Of course, we should not have to wait patiently for everything. For example, there are times when injustice deserves immediate action. Asking people to wait can be a calculated block to change. In a larger context though, it behoves (理应) all of us to understand the act of waiting not only as a necessary evil but also as an important function which allows us to participate fully alongside our fellow travelers in life.
1. What is the purpose of the author’s writing Paragraph 1?A.To reach a conclusion. | B.To make a comparison. |
C.To propose a suggestion. | D.To present a phenomenon. |
A.Enhanced appreciation of experiences. | B.Increased frustration and impatience. |
C.Immediate access to all desires. | D.Decreased value of time. |
A.. Growing expectations for speedy service. |
B.Appreciating the moment and anticipating. |
C.Understanding through technological progress. |
D.Experiencing the quickening pace of everyday life. |
A.Waiting is an important part of our shared humanity. |
B.Waiting means that one is at a disadvantage state. |
C.Waiting is wrong and should be avoided. |
D.Waiting helps us treat each other better. |
A.Immediate action is sometimes necessary and justified. |
B.Waiting is a waste of time without real purpose. |
C.Patience is no longer a virtue in today’s society. |
D.Waiting always fences the change. |
【推荐2】It’s the lunch break at Shanghai Xinhua Middle School. No mobile phones can be heard ring anywhere. The common sight of crowds of children chatting on their phones or sending short messages has disappeared.
A grade-2 student said, “I couldn’t concentrate (集中精力) during classes. if the cellphone was with me, I couldn’t help checking if there were messages or missed phone calls. I even played games on the phone sometimes.”
The school leaders say they feel the ban is necessary to keep order in class. They even gave out an open letter to remind parents not to let their children bring mobile phones to school .More than 96 percent of parents say they welcome the school decision. The school is also being flexible (灵活的) in carrying out the plan .Those students who live far from school are allowed to bring mobile phones to contact their parents. But they still have to switch them off in classrooms.
Medical experts have also welcomed the school decision. They say too much dependence on mobile phones can cause many psychological problems in teenage students.
1. What can we learn from paragraph1?A.Shanghai Xianxia Middle School is very crowded during lunchtime breaks. |
B.No mobile phones can be heard any time at Shanghai Xianxia Middle School. |
C.All the children with mobile phones usually disappear during lunchtime breaks. |
D.Lots of students used to be busy using their mobile phones during lunchtime breaks. |
A.the mobile phones should be on during class. |
B.it is good to play cellphone games sometimes. |
C.the mobile phone is helpful to her studies. |
D.it is no good using the cellphone at school. |
A.All parents welcome the school decision. |
B.Some students can bring mobile phones to school. |
C.Medical experts are against the school decision. |
D.No one is allowed to bring a mobile phone school. |
A.the mobile phone is a big trouble to teenage students. |
B.the use of the mobile phone can cause mental problem. |
C.about a ban on the mobile phone in a middle school. |
D.a story happening at Shanghai Xinhua Middle School. |
【推荐3】When "irregardless" was included in Merriam-Webster dictionary, it caused wide disagreements. “Irregardless” has been in widespread and near-constant use since 1795, when a newspaper called The Charleston City Gazelle of Charleston Ga., first used it. We do not make the English language, we merely record it,“ the dictionary's staff wrote in “Words of the Week”.
The word's definition, when we read it, would seem to be without regard. However, Merriam-Webster defines "irregardless" as “nonstandard” but meaning the same as “regardless”. According to Merriam-Webster, "Many people find 'irregardless' to be a ridiculous word, as the ir-prefix usually indicates negative meaning; however, in this case it appears to make the meaning of ' regardless’ stronger. "
“It's not a real word. I don't care what the dictionary says,” responds author Michelle Ray, who teaches English in Silver Spring, Md. And she says she's still planning to mark “irregardless" as incorrect on her students' work.
An American newspaper the Baltimore Sun published the word in editor John McIntyre's commentary on Saturday: Irregardless' is too a word; you just don't understand dictionaries. People get upset about the dictionary because they think it is some sort of official document. But actually, it's not. It's just lexicographers identifying words that people use and trying to find out how they are spelled, how they are pronounced, what meanings they have and where they came from. "
“The dictionary's recognition doesn't enroll a word as correct in the English language,“ McIntyre says. "It just says this is a word that a lot of people use in English. And here's what we know about it. " So it's a word, but its use is still discouraged in formal writing.
1. Where was "irregardless" first used?A.In a newspaper. | B.In an online post. |
C.In a new dictionary. | D.In an expert's comment. |
A.It defines it as meaningless. | B.It defines it as a nonstandard usage. |
C.It defines it as the opposite of “regardless”. | D.It defines it as indicating a negative attitude. |
A.She is uncertain about it. | B.She thinks it informal but correct. |
C.She is unwilling to accept it. | D.She doesn't care about how her students use it. |
A."Irregardless" Is Frequently Used in Formal Writing |
B.Experts Can't Agree on the Meaning of “Irregardless" |
C." Irregardlee" Shouldn't be Included in the Dictionary |
D.Regardless of What You Think, “Irregardless" Is a Word |