【推荐2】When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she_________ information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is ___________ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to _________ exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain._________, a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhaps the best way to _________ memory is to say that it is a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to _________ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.

Memory can be _________ affected by a number of things._________ nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent _________ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it __________ to register information in the brain.

When people talk about memory, they often__________short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute.__________, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which ____________information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.

Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough __________. For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not __________ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.

【推荐3】In the United States, there have been few deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013. In fact, for decades, there has been a general_________trend in the number of accidents per departure.

Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation (航空) seems to be a(n) _________. Since the 1960s, US commercial aviation has become significantly more complex, and yet, flying has become safer. What lies behind this remarkable trend is a handful of smart approaches to_________. Here are two of them.

Teach people to speak up—and to listen

A common error during aeroplane accidents used to be the_________of first officers to question the captain's poor decisions. When the captain was flying the aeroplane, he was hard to challenge, and his mistakes went_________

All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training programme known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). The programme revolutionized the_________not just of the cockpit (机舱) but also of the whole industry. It reframed safety as a_________issue and put all crew members on more equal footing. It was no longer_________to question the decisions of a superior; it was required. And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement.

The lesson isn't simply that people lower down in the_________should speak up and higher-ups should listen. What CRM has shown is that people can be taught to speak up and to listen. The ability to express and embrace__________isn't hard-wired in our personality or cultural background; it's a skill we can learn.

Learn from small failures and close calls

In 1976, the US Federal Aviation Administration created an industry-wide system to collect safety reports. The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) collects thousands of reports each month. Beyond receiving immunity (豁免权) for a mistake, it's a point of__________for pilots to submit ASRS reports. They know the reports make air travel safer. The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can__________, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) highlights safety trends in its monthly newsletter, CALLBACK.

Here, too, there is a__________lesson. Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might__________in our system. Mistakes shouldn't be__________. By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.

【推荐1】Heritage Education

China’s Cultural Heritage Day falls on the second Saturday of June every year. Many celebrations are held and all cultural relic protection sites are ___ to open free to the public on the day. There is no ___ that various celebrating ___ across the country will arouse public ___ of the importance of cultural heritage protection and ___ the young people to love the fine ___ culture of the motherland. 

China faces a heavy task to protect and rescue its cultural ___.We need to consider seriously the ___ of the lack of awareness about cultural heritage protection.___,Heritage Education is one of our main approaches. People cannot ____ value cultural heritage if they do not know ____ it is important or how to protect it. Over the past seven years, CHP has ____ over a hundred educational ____ to various groups, such as schools, government offices,____ the general public. Many people have attended CHP seminars. Typically, each seminar lasts two or three hours and ____ of an informative presentation,____ by a longer question-and-answer session and discussion. Each attender with ____ knowledge of cultural heritage,____ it to be just the Forbidden City and the Great Wall. People often think that the duty only ____ to the government. So “Cultural Heritage Day” will be a welcome ____ to educate the public on world heritage conservation.

【推荐2】In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The _________ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

How did we _________ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to _________ an object than to spend time and money to repair it._________ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to products quickly and inexpensively.

Another cause is our love of disposable (一次性的) products. As _________ people, we are always looking for _________ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies _________ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.

Our appetite for new products also _________ to the problem. We are _________ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that __________ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we __________ useful possessions to make room for new ones.

All around the world, we can see the __________ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To __________ the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__________, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.

Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions __________ throwing them away. We also need to change our spending habits to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.