Thousands of years ago, people didn't live in cold places because they didn't know how to keep themselves warm. Later they learned to make clothes. When an animal was killed, they made use of its skins to cover their bodies. The skins kept them warm. Nature is people's good friend. It once helped people find fire, when lightning hit a forest and started a fire. People took some of this fire to their homes. The fire kept them warm, and also frightened wild animals. Soon people found the food cooked tasted much better, so they began to use the fire to cook food. But people still didn't know how to make a fire. When they got a fire from the forest they tried to keep it burning. If it went out, they had to wait for years. But later they found different ways to make fire. For example, they made fire by burning wood or knocking two pieces of stones.
Today it's easy for people to make fire because they have matches, lighters and different kinds of heaters. They can make fire at any time they need.
1. Why did people live only in hot places once?| A．Because they didn't know how to kill animals. |
| B．Because they didn't know how to take fire from forest. |
| C．Because they didn't know how to keep themselves warm. |
| D．Because they didn't know how to make matches. |
| A．For food. | B．To make fire. |
| C．For burning. | D．To warm themselves. |
| A．cook food | B．kill animals |
| C．cut off an animal's skin | D．burn wood |
| A．By burning stones. | B．By burning wood. |
| C．By burning dry leaves. | D．By burning animal skins. |
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【推荐1】Top Schools for ESL Teaching
English as a Second Language (ESL) and Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) programs prepare teachers to instruct students who do not learn English as their first language. Programs can lead to a certificate, an endorsement, a bachelors, or a graduate degree.
University of Hawaii at Manoa
The department of Second Language Studies at the University of Hawaii is a department that provides enough resources for finding out how people use and learn different languages.
The University of Hawaii has one of the oldest ESL departments in this field and offers a Bachelor of Arts degree in second language studies. The Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degree programs in second language studies allow students to specialize in language teaching or second language acquisition.
Columbia University at New York
The Teachers College of Columbia University offers a certificate program in TESOL, as well as a Master of Arts degree in TESOL. A Doctor of Education program is also available. Students who plan to teach in a New York State public school can complete a Master of Education degree in TESOL.
University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania
Students attending the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania can complete the ESL Program Specialist endorsement and add it to an existing Pennsylvania teacher license. Alternatively, they may complete the TESOL Certification for Higher Education Program to prepare to work in administrative positions within ESL departments at elementary or secondary schools, school districts, and colleges.
Michigan State University in East Lansing
Michigan State University offers a Master of Arts in the TESOL program. The program consists of 36 credit hours of coursework and it includes both theoretical and research-based studies. Students must complete a practicum in TESOL, which involves six weeks of teaching adult ESL classes. The program ends with either an essay or a comprehensive exam.
1. What degree is recommended to those expecting to teach in New York?| A．A Master of Arts degree in TESOL. |
| B．A Master of Education degree in TESOL. |
| C．A Bachelor of Arts degree in second language studies. |
| D．A Doctor of Philosophy degree in second language studies. |
| A．Theoretical and research-based studies. |
| B．The ESL Program Specialist endorsement. |
| C．The TESOL Certification for Higher Education Program. |
| D．The Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degree programs. |
| A．Teach adult ESL classes for 6 weeks. |
| B．Hand in two essays at least in the end. |
| C．Do some practical research on the program. |
| D．Finish 30 credit hours of coursework at least. |
【推荐2】As of 2020, the world's biggest lithium-ion (锂离子) battery is hooked up to the Southern California power grid and can provide 250 million watts of power, or enough to power about 250,000 homes. But it's actually not the biggest battery in the world: these lakes are.
Wait - how can a pair of lakes be a battery? To answer that question, it helps to define a battery: it's simply something that stores energy and releases it on demand. The lithium-ion batteries that power our phones, laptops, and cars are just one type. They store energy in lithium ions.
How do the two lakes store and release energy? First, one is 300 meters higher than the other. Electricity power pumps that move billions of liters of water from the lower lake to the higher one. This stores the energy by giving the water extra gravitational potential energy. Then, when there's high demand for electricity, valves (阀门) open, releasing the stored energy by letting water flow downhill to power 6 giant turbines that can generate 3 billion watts of power for 10 hours.
Unfortunately, neither of the giant batteries we've talked about so far is big enough to power multiple cities. The two lakes setup requires specific geography, takes up a lot of land, and has high upfront costs to build. The giant lithium-ion battery in California can power about 250,000 homes, yes, but only for an hour. Lithium-ion batteries also require certain heavy metals to make. These resources are limited, and mining them causes environmental damage. Inventors all over the world are rising to the challenge of making batteries that can meet our needs - many of them even weirder than the two lakes.
1. Why is the world's biggest lithium-ion battery mentioned in Paragraph 1?| A．To make a comparison. |
| B．To introduce the topic. |
| C．To stress its importance. |
| D．To declare a fact. |
| A．With the help of the pumps, the two lakes store energy. |
| B．The water flow by itself to release the stored energy. |
| C．The two lakes setup is able to power multiple cities. |
| D．Lithium-ion batteries are environmentally friendly. |
| A．Inventors' worries. | B．Inventors' efforts. |
| C．Stranger batteries. | D．New challenges. |
| A．Battery Inventors Face New Challenges. |
| B．The World's Biggest Battery Looks Nothing Like a Battery |
| C．Giant Batteries Fail to Meet Our Needs. |
| D．Newly-invented Batteries. |
【推荐3】Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control yourself,but when you’re asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you fall asleep with.
If you go to sleep on your back,you’re a very open person.You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas.You don’t like to upset people.So you never express your real feelings.You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you’re always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not tomorrow.
If you sleep curled up(卷曲),you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You’re shy and you don’t usually like meeting people.You prefer to be on your own.You’re easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You’re usually careful.You believe in yourself.You sometimes feel anxious,but you don’t often get unhappy.You always say what you think,even if it makes people rather angry.
1. You may find the passage in a _______.| A．storybook | B．guide book |
| C．sports newspaper | D．science magazine |
| A．curled up | B．on her back |
| C．on her stomach | D．on her side |
| A．Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities. |
| B．Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping. |
| C．Changing positions will cause sleeping problems. |
| D．Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier. |
【推荐1】When you're eating dinner with your family, do your parents ever remind you to finish all the food on your plate? If so, you should know it's not just because they want you to be healthy.
They also want to stop food waste.Every year, 1.3 billion tons of food was wasted around the world, according to the UN.That was about one-third of all food produced each year. We made a survey in 34 countries to see how much food was wasted in different countries. For example, the UAE(阿联酋)wasted the most food, with each person wasting about 1,000 kilos every year on average. However, some countries have worked hard to use their food resources wisely. France wasted the least amount of food, according to the survey. France was the first country to pass laws that banned food waste. It was not allowed to throwaway fresh food. Another law forced French restaurants to provide bags for people's leftovers(剩饭菜) .
China was the 23rd for food waste in the survey. China's food waste was around 18millon tons every year, enough to feed up to 50 million people for one year. Facing this situation，China has been working hard to reduce food waste. In early 2013, a movement to prevent food waste called“empty plate”began. It has become popular among both government officials and general public.
1. How much food was wasted every year around the world according to the passage?| A．1.3 billion tons. | B．5 billion tons. |
| C．2 million tons. | D．4 million tons. |
| A．China. | B．France. | C．The UAE. | D．Japan. |
| A．wasted the most food | B．threw away fresh food |
| C．bought some food from other countries | D．started a movement called“empty plate” |
| A．Stopping food waste | B．Eating up fresh food |
| C．Collecting food waste | D．Providing fresh food |
【推荐2】Nail biting is a common habit. A lot of people tend to bite their finger nails when nervous and anxious. It is a good way to reduce their stress. However, nail biting affects 30 percent of adults, 45 percent of teens and 30 percent of children. It can invite bacteria to enter the body and the blood, increasing your chances of catching a cold or the flu, according to the Mayo Clinic. Not to mention that it can ruin your smile.
The most common virus hiding under your nails is staphylococcus, which can enter the body through breaks in your skin after you bite your nails. If that is not enough a warning, just imagine parasites, hanging out in your nail tissue as you open mouth and put in your finger. So next time the anxiety comes in, try taking five deep breaths instead.
According to the Center for Disease Control, there are more than 200 cold viruses floating around at any given time. You may get one because of exposure to the sick. However, you can reduce your chances of catching a virus by keeping your hands away from your mouth. Viruses that cause the cold are active on your skin as well, so often wash your hands with soap and water, and avoid nail biting by chewing gum.
Nail biting can also damage the teeth. Check with your dentist whether having a mouth guard can help you to stop biting your nails or at least reduce some of the damage it can cause. She may be able to suggest some other ways to help you give up the habit for good.
1. Who is most likely to be affected by nail biting?| A．The 16-year-old Bob. | B．The second grader Gene. |
| C．The seven-month-old Jane. | D．The mother of five children, Kate. |
| A．You should be careful of the nail. | B．Nail biting harms your health a lot. |
| C．Deep breaths are useful to keep calm. | D．People lack warnings about biting nails. |
| A．Avoiding chewing gum. | B．Washing your face often. |
| C．Going to a dentist often. | D．Staying away from the sick. |
| A．Nail Biting Is a Common Habit | B．Nail Biting Can Reduce Stress Well |
| C．Nail Biting Ruins Your Health and Smile | D．Nail Biting Should Be Checked with a Dentist |
【推荐3】Every year on April 1, April Fools’ Day is celebrated in many countries around the world. In France, it’s called Poisson d’Avril or “Fish of April.” In Scotland, the holiday is often called “Gowkie Day.” In Iraq, the holiday is called Kithbet Neesan or “April Lie.”
History experts say people have celebrated April Fools’ Day for a long time. Some believe the tradition comes from the ancient Romans more than two thousand years ago. It was a day of playing games and pretending to be someone else.
Others say the day for fooling began in France in 1564, when King Charles changed the yearly calendar. He moved New Year’s Day from April 1 to January 1. Many people did not know about the change because of communication problems back then. Some people continued to celebrate New Year’s Day on April 1. Other people called them April Fools and played jokes on them.
In the United States, April Fools’ Day is just a day of joking and playing tricks on friends. These kinds of jokes are also called pranks. These jokes typically end in the prankster shouting “April Fools’!”
Simple pranks, like telling a friend a funny lie or making prank phone calls, are still common. But, major companies also get in on April Fools’ Day fun in a much bigger way. A few years ago, on April 1, Starbucks announced it was introducing new coffee cup sizes — Plenta and Micra. The very large cups, bigger than a human head, remained useful for customers even after finishing all that coffee. According to Starbucks, the cups could be used as a rain hat, a pot for plants, or a lampshade.
It did not take long for customers to catch on to the prank!
More and more, people use social media or smart phone apps to play pranks on their friends on April Fools’ Day. One very annoying smart phone app, Cat Facts, sends funny facts about cats to your friends’ phones, every day.
1. What is not true about “April Fools’ Day”?| A．It has been celebrated for a long time. |
| B．Its tradition comes from the ancient Romans. |
| C．French people celebrated it because of not knowing that King Charles changed the yearly calendar. |
| D．Different countries have different names for it. |
| A．a day of joking and playing tricks on friends. |
| B．a day when you can play jokes on any people. |
| C．a day when people can’t shout “April Fools’!” |
| D．a day when Starbucks introduced new coffee. |
| A．friends | B．methods | C．jokes | D．jokers |
