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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:86 题号:14686067

China will need to enhance research into deep Earth sciences to fulfill some of the country's biggest strategic needs, from finding and utilizing underground resources to predicting and relieving natural disasters, experts said.

In a speech addressing China's top scientists and engineers in late May, President Xi urged the Chinese scientific community to break new ground in four strategic frontiers: deep space, deep sea, deep Earth and "deep blue".

"Deep blue" refers to fields related to computer science and information technology, such as cyberspace security and artificial intelligence, according to the Ministry of Science and Technology, while deep Earth consists of geology, mineralogy, seismology, geothermal energy and other sciences related to understanding the Earth's internal structure and utilizing its resources.

Compared with the other three frontiers, deep Earth exploration is a relatively uncertain field, considering the enormous resources, manpower and technological ingenuity needed to penetrate the Earth's crust(地壳), experts said. But since the mid-20th century, more countries are now aware of the strategic importance of this field.

Liu Jiaqi, a geophysicist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said deep Earth sciences are closely related to the ability to tap into Earth's mineral and energy resources. They also play a key role in environmental protection and easing the risks of natural disasters, such as earthquakes and volcano eruptions.

"It is a science about supporting and sustaining life on Earth. Without it, we cannot thrive," he said, adding that China's long -term economic prosperity(繁荣)depends heavily on the supply of fossil fuels and basic raw ingredients, all of which are created via complex geological activities and extracted(提取)from the ground.

Xu Yigang, a geochemist and a CAS academician, said China attaches such great importance to deep Earth exploration because the country needs to curb its over-reliance on importing iron, copper, nickel, oil and natural gas.

"Therefore, we need to strengthen our basic research into deep Earth sciences so that we can find and mine the resources our country needs," he said.

1. Where can you most probably find this passage?
A.In a magazineB.In a journal.C.In a newspaperD.In a brochure
2. What do both Liu Jiaqi and Xu Yigang think of "deep Earth" sciences?
A.They make a great difference to natural disaster prevention
B.They make all the difference to environmental protection
C.They play a key role in China's long-term economic development
D.They are the only hope for China to get independent in natural resources
3. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word "thrive" in the third paragraph?
A.extractB.prosperC.enhanceD.struggle
4. Which of the following can serve as a title to this passage?
A.Deep Earth Sciences, Hope For Independence
B.Deep Earth Sciences, Key To Development
C.Deep Earth Sciences, Frontier For Security
D.Deep Earth Sciences, Solution To Poverty
【知识点】 科普知识 新闻报道

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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种睡姿及采用相应睡姿的人的特点。

【推荐1】A British sleep expert, professor Chris Idzikowski, did a research showing that there was some connection between the way people sleep and their personality.

The fetal position

The fetal position gets its name from the shape of a baby in the mother's stomach. It is the most common position in the world. People who sleep in the fetal position tend towards worry and anxiety. They are often shy and sensitive. In the fetal position, a sleeper's body is like a ball as he lies on one side with legs and arms bent. Adults usually sleep in this position.

The starfish position

When sleeping like a starfish, you lie on your back with arms up near the pillow. Sleep scientist Idzikowski says starfish sleepers value friendship. People who sleep in this position are good listeners and quick to help others. If you have a starfish sleeper as a best friend, you’re in luck. Starfish sleepers are great listeners and a source of comfort to others.

The freefall position

In the freefall position, sleepers have their hands on or around their pillows, with their heads turned to one side. Freefall sleepers are social but sensitive and can become upset by extreme situations. They like to be in control of everything around their life. It's all part of their long periods of indecision, but once they make a choice, they stick to it. This position can aid in digestion (消化).

The log position

For those who suffer from back pain, the log position could be helpful for you. Log sleepers have both their arms and legs extended, so their bodies are straight like a log. Log sleepers are very trusting, but are usually social and easy-going individuals. Idzikowski claims that preferring a log position suggests that a person is sociable and can communicate with others easily.

1. What's the personality of people sleeping in fetal position?
A.Social and easy-going.B.Sensitive and social.C.Friendly and positive.D.Shy and sensitive.
2. Which of the following is most suitable to be a friend?
A.A fetal sleeper.B.A starfish sleeper.C.A freefall sleeper.D.A log sleeper.
3. What can we know about log sleepers?
A.They do well in sports.B.They are good listeners.
C.They are easy to get along with.D.They have difficulty making decisions.
2023-11-10更新 | 45次组卷
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【推荐2】U.K. astronomer Martin Rees says that in future, some people may decide to leave Earth in order to live on other worlds. Finally, he added, they might use high technologies to change themselves to adapt to their new environment.

“They will find themselves ill-adapted to conditions there, so they will redesign themselves using powerful genetic engineering (基因工程) technologies,” Rees says. “These techniques will, I hope, be kept under control on Earth; but those on other planets will be freer to try.”

“We should surely wish them luck in changing their children to adapt to outer planets. This may be the first step towards the development of a new species,” says Rees. He says that these “post-humans” could one day turn into “fully inorganic intelligences” which may not even need an atmosphere to live and may grow well in zero-gravity environments, which ordinary people are not adapted to. “So it is in deep space, not on Earth, that ‘brains’ may develop powers that humans can’t even imagine,” says Rees.

Rees also warns that human beings shouldn’t fall back on the idea that they can avoid disaster on Earth by heading deeper into space. “It’s dangerous to think that space offers an escape from Earth’s problems,” he says. “We must solve them here. Dealing with climate change is a doddle compared with changing other planets; there’s no environment in our solar system as mild as even the top of Qomolangma.”

This isn't the first time Rees has made interesting predictions. Last year, Rees predicted possible dangers of nuclear physics (核物理学) tests taking place on Earth. “Maybe a black hole could form, and then take in everything around it,” he said. However, some scientists were not worried about this prediction. Stefan, a physicist, said he wouldn't be “losing any sleep” over that prediction.

1. What might be Rees’s prediction?
A.People might live on other planets soon.
B.Space technologies might be improved greatly.
C.People might avoid using genetic technology in outer space.
D.Space exploration might lead to genetically-changed humans.
2. Which of the following might be a description of “post-humans” ?
A.They have better survivability.
B.They are sensitive to zero gravity.
C.They are as smart as ordinary people.
D.They cannot adapt to the global environment.
3. What might the underlined part “a doddle” Paragraph 4 mean?
A.The top dog.B.A hot potato.
C.A piece of cake.D.A white elephant.
4. What did Stefan think of Rees’s prediction?
A.It was doubtful.
B.It made great sense.
C.It required special attention.
D.It questioned many popular beliefs.
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【推荐3】Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to go to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better. As she says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”

The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. Even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a scientist, also believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can result from a lack of movement as babies. Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. They need to set up a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret.

Older people can develop their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for babies, exercise for older people should not be too simple. Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or taichi helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main aim is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.

1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A.How exercise makes people strong.
B.How to get good scores in a test.
C.How exercise helps the brain develop.
D.How the brain can change one’s memory.
2. According to the passage, what is the connection between exercise and brain development?
A.Exercise helps soften our blood vessels.
B.Physical exercise helps us think better.
C.The brain needs special mental exercise.
D.The more exercise, the bigger the brain.
3. For ordinary people, the smallest amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is ______.
A.two hours per weekB.40 hours per week
C.three hours per dayD.40 hours per month
4. Why is yoga suggested for seniors?
A.It does good to the joints of old people.
B.It does not increase the heart rate.
C.It includes learning new actions.
D.It can be done in groups.
2017-11-23更新 | 259次组卷
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