Things You Need to Know About Your STRESS
After 60 years of research, scientists have determined what causes stress. There's even a handy acronym: NUTS.
N is for Novelty: This is something new you've not experienced before, like the first day of school or a new job.
U is for Unpredictability: When you don't know how something is going to take shape, as is the case during a trip to the dentist.
T is for Threat to the Ego: When your competence is questioned, such as in front of your colleagues. We're very sensitive to this.
S is for Sense of Control: When you feel you have little or no control over the situation like being stuck in traffic.
It's helpful to identify your sources of stress, because a problem well-defined is a problem almost solved. The opposite of stress is not relaxation—it's resilience. If you tell your brain that you can deal with this, it will stop producing the stress hormone and you will calm down.
Get on Your Bike !
As various bits of research have shown, cycling will lower your stress levels, whether you're doing a quick errand or committing to a lifetime on two wheels.
15 MINUTES LATER
A 2013 study from Japan showed a marked drop in people's stress levels after they had pedalled for just 15 minutes on a stationary bike.
AN HOUR LATER
Researchers found in 2015 that, compared to their cycling colleagues, those who drove or took the subway—breathed more shallowly an hour later—a sure sign of stress.
18 YEARS LATER
After following 17,985 adult commuters for 18 years, U.K. researchers discovered in 2014 that those who walked or biked reported being happier, more confident and better able to face their problems.
①
In a 2015 study, researchers subjected 66 teen girls to a stress test. Some of them held their mothers' hands during the test; others had to go it alone. The girls who had contact with their moms were able to manage stress more effectively. It's what psychologists refer to as emotional load sharing.
②
In a 2007 UCLA study, some patients hospitalized for heart failure spent 12 minutes with a therapy dog, while another group interacted with a volunteer. The dog crowd experienced greater decreases in their anxiety level compared to the patients whose visitors could actually talk back.
1. According to the passage, which of the following people may suffer the highest level of stress in their own situation?| A．Luna,19, has prepared well for her first internship with the help of her mother. |
| B．Karol,19, finally had her decayed tooth pulled out last Thursday at the dentist's. |
| C．Tom,29, is stuck in traffic at 8:50 a.m. on his first day at a new job, which starts at 9:00 a.m. |
| D．Jenny,49, is kept in the dark about a secret farewell party that her colleagues are planning to give her. |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
| A．①Raise your hand! ②Get some volunteer company! |
| B．①Ask mom for help! ②Love your furry friend! |
| C．①Hug your family! ②Get a furry companion! |
| D．①Family support! ②Find a volunteer companion! |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】There are now many products and services on the market which are similar in content though produced by different companies. It is vital, therefore, for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.
Logos are part of this image. They are symbols which often include a name or initials to identify a company. The logo establishes a visual identity for the company, just as different groups of young people express their identity through hairstyles and clothes. All groups from all cultures and throughout the ages have used colors and symbols to show their identity.
In different cultures, different colors carry different meanings. Some colors may be connected with coldness in one culture and with warmth in another; some colors represent life in one culture but death in another. International companies have, therefore, to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries.
The logos of large international companies are instantly recognizable throughout the world.One of the most famous logos is that of Coca-Cola. The design of the words “Coca-Cola” has not changed since 1886,although the surrounding design has been changed from time to time. Many companies have, over the years, renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images. Company logos can be emotive and can inspire loyalty by influencing the subconscious(潜意识).Some logos include an idea of the product: the steering wheel in the Mercedes logo, for example, and the aeroplane tail of Alitalia.
Logos are used on packaging and brochures as well as on the product itself. They may also appear in newspapers or on television as part of an advertising campaign. Companies need to have a strong corporate identity. The logo helps to promote this image and to fix it in the minds of the consumers. Logos, therefore, need to be original and to have impact and style.
1. The most basic function of a company’s logo is to _______.| A．describe the business the company is engaged for the consumers |
| B．distinguish the company from its realistic and potential competitors |
| C．project a positive image of the company and its products or services |
| D．make the products and services of the company more recognizable |
| A．Colors may be misinterpreted in different cultures. |
| B．Colors are not the best tools to identify a company. |
| C．Colors may represent death in some cultures. |
| D．International companies are careful about the use of colors. |
| A．explain the name of a company should remain unchanged |
| B．ensure that the logo should not be misinterpreted in different cultures |
| C．state the surrounding design of the logo can always be changed |
| D．illustrate the importance of having a recognizable image |
| A．fitting in with the contemporary design |
| B．inspiring loyalty from the consumers |
| C．displaying originality and impact |
| D．promoting a strong corporate identity |
Ryan Kelly is an ecologist at the School of Marine and Environmental Affairs at the University of Washington in Seattle. He works in a laboratory there with other researchers. They study the genetic material released by living creatures. “Essentially we can take a sample of soil or air — and in our case — water, and we can sequence（to arrange the order of genes）the DNA out of it and tell you what is there.”
Ryan Kelly says he and his research team are studying water samples collected from Puget Sound. He says the cost of gene sequencing has “been reduced greatly in recent years.” That makes DNA testing more widely available.
Environmental DNA can be used in two ways. One is to identify the creatures that live in a certain place. The other is to confirm the presence or lack of a specific creature.
Caren Goldberg heads the new e-DNA lab at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. She is one of the first biologists in the northwestern United States to take the technology from the testing phase to actually using it.
“It is extremely useful for species that are really hard to find. I have spent many hours looking for species that I was pretty sure were there — looking under rocks, looking in water, doing all kinds of surveys.”
Caren Goldberg sees e-DNA as a way to get answers more efficiently, safely and with less destruction compared to traditional survey techniques. Until recently, scientists depended on diving deep, netting or using an electric current to temporarily catch fish.
“We’re absolutely at this point where proof-of-concept has been established. I don't think everyone necessarily is ready for it yet, but I think the majority of people are.”
This newer way to identify what lives in the environment is becoming popular around the world. Animal experts in Vietnam are using the e-DNA to find the last, wild Yangtze giant softshell turtles. One researcher on the Caribbean island of Trinidad is using the sampling technology to find endangered golden tree-frogs. And in Madagascar, it is being used to identify amphibian diseases.
Ms. Goldberg has used e-DNA testing to confirm the local extinction, disappearance, of a leopard frog in the American state of Idaho. She has also been asked to document the spread of the New Zealand mud-snail in the state of Washington. The creature has been found in lakes and other waterways across the state.
Now, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management wants Caren Goldberg to look for the Columbia spotted frog in two other western states. The rare amphibian is a candidate for the federal government's threatened species list.
Scientists working with the technology say they do not expect robots to replace field biologists anytime soon. But the old-fashioned field work could soon be more targeted.
A related research goal is to show how long environmental DNA can last and how far it can travel in different environments.
1. Paragraph One is intended as _____ of the passage.
| A．the main idea |
| B．the introduction of the topic |
| C．a supporting detail of the main idea |
| D．a contrast of the main idea |
| A．you are likely to find information about a species with a little air, water, or soil |
| B．some kind of high-tech device can be used to test for breathable air or signs of life |
| C．you are able to get answers more efficiently, safely though with more damage |
| D．the cost of gene sequencing has been reduced greatly in recent years. |
| A．wild Yangtze giant soft-shell turtles |
| B．endangered golden tree-frogs |
| C．the local extinction of a leopard frog |
| D．the spread of the New Zealand mud-snail |
| A．That is _____ . | B．the lasting time and the spreading area of E-DNAB .the lasting time of E-DNA and too many species for E-DNA |
| C．too many candidates for E-DNA and the lasting time of E-DNA | D．robots and old-fashioned field work’s replacing E-DNA |
| A．science fiction | B．experiment report |
| C．science report | D．bio-diversity discovery |
【推荐3】Most of us only take our temperatures when we are worried that we have a fever. But body temperature can show and be influenced by many other factors: lifestyle habits, age, and environment temperature can all influence how our body disperses heat (散热).
So what is our normal body temperature? In 1851, a German physician called Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich surveyed 25,000 people in one city and established that 37℃ is the standard temperature of the human body.
However, recent studies and surveys suggest that the average body temperature is now lower. For instance, a study of more than 35,000 people in the United Kingdom and nearly 250,000 temperature measurements found that 36.6℃ is the average oral (口腔的) temperature. Could this difference be a result of changes in measurement tools? Or, do the new findings reflect better overall health?
Myroslava Protsiv, then at Stanford University’s Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, in California, and colleagues decided to try and find out. The team hypothesized (假设) that “the differences observed in temperature between the 19th century and today are real and that the change over time provides important physiological clues (生理学方面的线索) to changes in human health since the Industrial Revolution.”
To test their hypothesis, the researchers analyzed information from three datasets (数据集). The first included data from 1862 to 1930 collected from Union Army veterans of the Civil War. The second dataset was from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I, which took place from 1971 to 1975. The third dataset was from the Stanford Translational Research Integrated Database Environment, which contained data from people who received healthcare through Stanford between 2007 and 2017. Overall, the scientists had access to 677,423 temperature measurements.
Some of the researchers’ findings include: The body temperature of men today is, on average, 0.59℃ lower than that of men born in the early 19th century. Similarly, women’s body temperature dropped by 0.32℃ from the 1890s to today. Overall, the analysis found a 0.03 decrease in average temperature every decade.
To check whether the decreases resulted from advances in thermometer (温度计) technology, Protsiv and the team looked at changes within datasets, assuming (假设) that doctors in each historical period were generally using the same types of thermometers.
The results of the analysis within datasets reflected the changes in the combined data (综合数据). “Our normal temperature’s not what people think it is,” says Dr Julie Parsonnet, a professor of medicine and health research. However, because gender, time of day, and age can each change our body temperature, the researchers do not advise updating the standard for all U.S. adults.
1. What do we know about the normal body temperature?| A．It is influenced by different factors. |
| B．It was established in the 20th century. |
| C．It was the idea of UK researchers. |
| D．It is more related to lifestyle habits than to age. |
| A．By working with doctors. | B．By studying healthcare users. |
| C．By analyzing existing data. | D．By using different thermometers. |
| A．Women are naturally a bit colder than men. |
| B．Men’s temperatures dropped more greatly than women’s. |
| C．Human body temperatures have dropped 0.03℃ since the 1890s. |
| D．Doctors have been using the same types of temperature measurements. |
| A．Why are humans cooling off? |
| B．Saying goodbye to 37℃ forever. |
| C．Updating the standard of body temperature. |
| D．Body temperature: What is the new normal? |
【推荐1】Qinghuaci ware is one of the most well-known cultural products in China, with items made in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, considered the best in quality.
Cai Wenjuan’s parents and grandparents made qinghuaci here. Cai’s childhood memories are connected to ceramics, which led her to find her passion in painting as a girl. Even after graduating from Jingdezhen Ceramic University in 2006, she didn’t think about inheriting the family craft and became a saleswoman at a ceramic studio in Beijing back then.
After two years of selling ceramics, Cai was captivated by the blue-and-white ware. She quit her job and returned to her hometown in late 2008, starting a two-year learning experience of painting blue-and-white porcelain items. In 2012, Cai established her own ceramics-making company and two years later, she built the ceramics-themed brand China Story.
Pushing the boundaries of the age-old practice, Cai puts blue-and-white patterns, inspired by Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) porcelain, on daily objects such as phone cases, umbrellas, pillows and so on. So far, more than 1,000 kinds of cultural products have been sold by her company. “The charm and story behind the blue-and-white china can be told through the way the young generation feels connected,” Cai says, adding that china can be stylish.
As a provincial-level inheritor of the blue-and-white china-painting, she devotes herself to passing on the craft by combining the ancient charm with modern aesthetics. On video-sharing platform Douyin, Cai has posted more than 60 clips to popularize the craft and the culture behind it. “One day, I hope there are traditional Chinese elements everywhere in daily life,” Cai says. Like Cai, more young artists are considering a career in china-related businesses in Jingdezhen, with the local government rolling out supportive measures for a variety of startups in the field.
1. What caused Cai Wenjuan to be fond of painting?| A．Her gift. | B．Her curiosity. |
| C．Her being tired of selling goods. | D．Her childhood experience. |
| A．shocked | B．attracted | C．embarrassed | D．challenged |
| A．Considerate. | B．Creative. | C．Strict. | D．Generous. |
| A．It needs checking. | B．It needs culture. |
| C．It has a bright future. | D．It has a limited platform. |
【推荐2】Switching on the lights at night is second nature to most people in the developed world. But electricity isn’t a given in many other parts of the globe.
“A billion people on our planet still lack reliable access to electricity. For them, one of the central applications of electricity is lighting,” says Aaswath Raman, U.C.L.A. materials scientist.
Solar cells can provide remote areas with electricity during the day but require batteries to store that energy for use at night. Raman steam has developed a potential solution: a simple thermoelectric device that produces power when it s exposed to the cold night sky.
All objects, Raman explains, radiate heat. “So a surface that’s looking up at the night sky will, all by itself, send out more heat than the sky sends back to it. It escapes to the upper atmosphere and even out to outer space. And it’s something that anyone can observe at night. So if you go and measure the roof temperature on your house in the early morning hours, say, you should read a temperature that is much lower than the immediate surrounding air temperature.”
Raman reasoned that this temperature difference could be employed to produce electricity. His team built their device using an aluminum disk that acts as a radiative cooler. Its cool side faces the night sky, while its other side is warmed by the air around it. As heat escapes upwards, a thermoelectric generator transforms the temperature difference into electricity that powers a small LED light.
For now, the energy output of the device is just a tiny part of what a solar-cell can produce. Raman sees the device as a complement to solar, providing inexpensive, 24-hour power generation for remote areas of the world- without the need for batteries.
In addition to lighting, Raman says the device could be useful for specialized applications, such as powering wireless sensors and monitoring atmospheric conditions.
1. What makes Raman’s device possible?| A．The energy stored in batteries. | B．The characteristics of aluminum disk. |
| C．The low temperature at night. | D．Objects’ heat loss to the night sky. |
| A．Solution. | B．Replacement. | C．Addition. | D．Application. |
| A．Practical and economical. | B．Complex but powerful. |
| C．Tiny and labor-saving | D．Convenient but costly. |
| A．To blame people for wasting electricity. | B．To introduce a new invention to readers. |
| C．To show the consequences of lacking electricity. | D．To seek financial support for poor countries. |
【推荐3】As you grow rapidly through your teenage years, you will experience a lot of changes. The changes may seem difficult and they may seem to happen quickly. Don’t panic! You will deal successfully with them! You are a young adult now!
With more responsibility, you will find more freedom to make your own choices. This is a time to be well informed about your choices so that you can make healthy balanced decisions that will help shape your future. You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do. Both situations are fine! Work hard and the right opportunity will present itself to you.
Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices. You will probably want to be independent. But try not to shut your family out of your life. You should learn to think of others even though you are old enough to look after yourself. Your family have been with you since you came into this world.
It is also perfectly natural in this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family. Choose your friends wisely. A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens. This period is part of the life cycle. There are some people who will be with you throughout life's journey and there will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways. Leaving school can be hard. The reality is that you may not ever see all of your classmates again.
You are a young adult. It is your life. No one can live it for you. The choices that you make from now on will be your choices. So making the right choices will be important to you. Life is for living. Enjoy your life wisely!
1. Who is the passage mainly intended for?| A．Adults. | B．Teenagers. | C．Teachers. | D．Young parents. |
| A．too hard for the young people to get through |
| B．a time of complete freedom to make some choices |
| C．a key period for young students to leave their parents |
| D．an important time for the young to make the right choices |
| A．Family is more important in the time of teenage years. |
| B．A good friendship can be helpful for teenagers. |
| C．Good friends will accompany you all the time. |
| D．Teenagers can choose friends randomly. |
| A．Becoming a young adult. | B．The hard choices in life. |
| C．Saying goodbye to the past. | D．The key to childhood success. |
