There are plenty of things to be gained from going abroad: new friends, new experiences, new stories. But living in another country may come with a less noticeable benefit, too. Some scientists say it can also make you more creative.
Writers and thinkers love travelling abroad. Ernest Hemingway, for example, drew inspiration for much of his work from his time in Spain and France. Aldous Huxley, the author of Brave New World, moved from the U. K. to the U. S. in his 40s to branch out into screenwriting. Mark Twain, who sailed around the coast of the Mediterranean in 1869, wrote in his travelogue Innocents Abroad that travel is "fatal to prejudice and narrow-mindedness."
In recent years, psychologists and neuroscientists have begun examining more closely what many people have already learned: that spending time abroad may have the potential to affect mental change. In general, creativity is related to how the brain is wired. Neural pathways are sensitive to change: New sounds, smells, language, tastes, sensations, and sights spark different synapses in the brain and may have the potential to revitalize the mind.
“Foreign experiences increase both cognitive flexibility and depth and imperativeness of thought, 55 says Adam Galinsky, the author of numerous studies on the connection between creativity and international travel. Cognitive flexibility is the mind's ability to jump between different ideas, a key component of creativity. But it's not just about being abroad, Galinsky says: "The key critical process is multicultural engagement, immersion, and adaptation. Someone who lives abroad and doesn't engage with the local culture will likely get less of a creative boost than someone who travels abroad and really engages in the local environment. " In other words, going to Cancun for a week on spring break probably won't make a person any more creative. But going to Cancun and living with local fishermen might.
The researchers also found that the more countries the executives had lived in, the more creative the lines tended to be — but only up to a point. Those who had lived and worked in more than three countries, the study found, still tended to show higher levels of creativity than their peers who had worked in a smaller number of foreign countries. The authors assumed that those who had lived in too many countries hadn’t been able to properly immerse themselves culturally and they were bouncing around too much. "It gets back to this idea of a deeper level of learning that's necessary for these effects to occur, " Galinsky says.
Of course, although a new country is an easy way to leave a "social comfort zone the cultural engagement associated with cognitive change doesn't have to happen abroad. If a plane ticket isn't an option, try taking the subway to a new neighborhood. Sometimes, the research suggests, all that's needed for a creative boost is a fresh cultural scene.
1. The examples of the three writers in Paragraph 2 are to ________.A.show how travelling abroad inspires one's brain |
B.explain the creative benefits of international travel |
C.illustrate prejudice and narrow-mindedness can harm creativity |
D.discuss why writers and thinkers tend to be more open-minded |
A.neural pathways are birthplaces of creativity |
B.creativity is responsible for revitalizing the mind |
C.creativity can be developed by changes of the environment |
D.neural pathways allow different synapses to work efficiently |
A.The deep involvement with foreign culture. |
B.Travelling abroad for a relatively longer period. |
C.The mind's ability to jump between different ideas. |
D.Living in the foreign country instead of just travelling there. |
A.Leave your social comfort zone |
B.For a more creative mind, travel |
C.Put down your work and go to your neighborhood |
D.For an artistic inspiration, go to more foreign countries |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】London’s three wonderful hotels
Here’s a pick of three wonderful hotels, each different in terms of size, style and location, but all performing to an exceptional standard.
The Goring Hotel
Since first opening in 1910, it is London’s oldest family-owned luxury hotel with the second-largest privately-owned garden in London after Buckingham Palace. The rooms of this hotel are smaller than those of many other London’s top hotels. There are 12 interconnecting rooms, which are ideal for families.
The Bulgari Hotel
This hotel has some of the largest accommodations in the capital. It’s very modern and huge with six floors below and nine above ground. It feels big, but there are only 85 rooms and suites spread over six floors, indicating how spacious (宽敞的) they are. The Bulgari Hotel has many child-friendly rooms and activities to keep the kids busy: a swimming pool, a cinema, PlayStations, Xbox and lots of other games. The Bulgari spa is spread over two stories. And the doorkeeper can also arrange babysitting.
The Rosewood Hotel
Rosewood is within walking distance of many of the city’s main attractions. From the outside, the building is large and impressive with an elegant courtyard designed for horse-drawn carriages (四轮马车). There is also a great spa and fitness center. As for activities for kids, there are food activities, art and wildlife. The doorkeeper can arrange trips to the London Zoo.
1. Which of the following does the Goring Hotel provide?A.Very big rooms. | B.Babysitting service. |
C.A large private garden. | D.A spa and fitness center. |
A.Enjoy games. | B.Watch wildlife. |
C.Take part in food activities. | D.Take a horse-drawn carriage |
A.The Goring Hotel. | B.The Bulgari Hotel. |
C.The Beaumont Hotel. | D.The Rosewood Hotel. |
【推荐2】We bought a Shamrock trailer (房车) in the fall of 2019 in anticipation (期待) of our three-month journey to Baja, Mexico. The camper (露营车) would be home base for all the fun and adventure our family, myself, my husband and our three teenagers, would have all the way.
It took three days to drive from Calgary to Las Vegas and the temperature went from negative 30 to 15 °F-a miracle! But by the time we made it to San Diego, California, we had visited two RV mechanics to fix water leaking from the water tank and a bed heater blowing up. Thankfully, while we waited for repairs, we could listen to waves lapping on the shore.
Eventually, we crossed the border into Mexico at Tijuana and pushed our way down the shore coast. While we swam, ate Mexican food and watched sunsets, the Shamrock kept throwing us surprises. We all learned to savor (尽情享受) the good moments while dealing with the bad.
Driving through Utah, our truck began making noises. The truck’s engine had completely broken, and we needed a new one. We holed up (躲) in St. George, Utah, to wait for repairs. One evening, we were heating up dinner when the oven let out a big WHUMP! The whole camper shook.
After a few weeks, we left our truck in Utah—the engine repair wasn’t going too well—and drove home to Calgary. There could not have been five travelers so happy to stay in their house for two weeks.
Eventually, we hired someone to drive our truck and the Shamrock to Calgary, but he arrived with just the truck. The camper was causing problems, and the keys got lost, so it was left in Idaho. It’s still there; we recently marked its one-and-a-half-year anniversary of storage.
This brings me to the point of this essay: For Sale: A lively 30-foot Shamrock camper. Keeps you on your toes! Sleeps five. $9,000. Pick-up is somewhere in Idaho. Bring some tools to break into it.
1. What can we learn about the author’s self-driving tour?A.The tour lasted for about one month. |
B.They drove a Shamrock all the way during the tour. |
C.Their truck stopped working when they arrived at San Diego. |
D.They enjoyed the tour despite some unexpected problems. |
A.Breakdowns. | B.Beautiful scenery. |
C.Amazing functions. | D.Quality after-sales service. |
A.Unhappy. | B.Serious. | C.Amusing. | D.Exciting. |
A.To suggest the places to travel. |
B.To advertise her Shamerock camper. |
C.To record the happy moments in life. |
D.To complain about her campers. |
【推荐3】Getting around Valencia can be exhausting on foot if you want to see it all, but luckily, the city is very bike-friendly.
Valencia Bike Tour From The City To The BeachDuration: 3 Hours
This 3-hour Valencia bike tour takes you on a lovely journey from the historic center to the beach where you’ll enjoy a drink at the end. If you’re looking for a truly personalized experience, this is it. The guide is super knowledgeable and gives lots of inside information about the sites you pass and local culture along the way.
Valencia By Night Bike TourDuration: 2 Hours
With the warm lights of the historic center’s cobbled streets, cycling around Valencia is so different than in the day. The tour takes you through Turia Park to the City of Arts and Sciences which is impressively lit up at night. As you cycle past different tourist attractions, the guide will let you in on the history and culture of the city.
Valencia Bike TourDuration: 3 Hours
Being one of the classical guided bike tours Valencia offers, this takes you to the main tourist attractions in the old town like the Valencia Cathedral, the Silk Exchange, and the Serranos Towers. You’ll bike in Valencia’s longest park, Turia Park, which leads to the City of Arts and Sciences and a must-visit on any trip to the city. On different stops, the guide will fill in with history and anecdotes about the places you pass.
Valencia Group Half-Day Bike TourDuration: 3 Hours
This tour takes you through the old town of Valencia where you’ll see the top tourist spots like the Valencia Cathedral and the Silk Exchange along the way on your own. You’ll pass the City Hall and the complex on your way to Turia Park where Valencia’s bike paths are at their best. Eventually, you’ll reach the City of Arts and Sciences where you can admire the modern architecture and learn more about the impressive complex.
1. What can we know about Valencia?A.It is a city where you’ll feel tired. |
B.It has the longest park in the world. |
C.Its public transport needs improving. |
D.It is well equipped with bicycle roads. |
A.Valencia Bike Tour. |
B.Valencia Group Half-Day Bike Tour. |
C.Valencia By Night Bike Tour. |
D.Valencia Bike Tour From The City To The Beach. |
A.It leads to the Silk Exchange. |
B.It is a tour without a guide. |
C.It offers a drink at the end. |
D.It takes longer to finish the tour. |
【推荐1】We see big lies.
But behind big lies are a series of small tricks or lies. Dan Ariely, a professor of psychology and behavioral economies, writes about this in his book The Honest Truth about Dishonesty.
These small lies are quite common. There are many of us who might go a little too fast on the highway, or pocket extra change at a gas station. As humans, it seems we are natural liars.
But still, we want to look in the mirror and see ourselves as good, honest people, though we benefit from our lying. That's why Ariely describes honesty as something of a state of mind. He thinks the IRS(税务局)should have people promise to be honest when they start working on their taxes, not when they 're done.
Ariely says the research about honesty isn't all negative(消极的).
A.Most people tell some kind of lies every day. |
B.When talking about dishonesty, we always think of something big. |
C.But when we think to ourselves, we believe we could never do that. |
D.We have plenty of chances to lie and cheat, without getting caught. |
E.Some of the most common lies are white lies, which are typically considered to be harmless, |
F.He found what separates honest people from not honest people is not necessarily character, but chance. |
G.Setting the stage for honesty is more effective than asking someone after the fact whether or not they lied. |
【推荐2】Researchers find the benefits of free time depend on our beliefs about it. A new Rutgers-led study finds that contentment depends, at least in part, on believing that leisure activities are not a waste of time.
According to the study, thinking of leisure as wasteful prevents us from enjoying our leisure pursuits — especially purely pleasure activities such as hanging out with friends, watching TV and just relaxing. More goal-driven leisure activities, like exercise and meditation (冥想), tend to feel productive and so are still enjoyed whether or not people see value in their leisure.
In one part of the study, the researchers asked 302 people to recall what they did for Halloween, how much they enjoyed the holiday and their attitudes toward leisure in general. Those who believed leisure was wasteful enjoyed their Halloween less, especially when they engaged in activities like going to a party compared to other activities that might be fun but might also fulfill (履行) responsibilities, like trick or treating with their kids.
In another part of the study, participants read news articles meant to convince the reader that leisure is wasteful, unproductive or productive. Next they watched the “Best Funny Cat Videos 2019”and were asked how much they enjoyed it. Those who believed that leisure was wasteful or unproductive didn’t enjoy watching the video s as much as those who thought leisure time was productive and important.
The results show that those who do not enjoy pleasure-driven activities are more depressed, anxious and stressed. The findings suggest happiness may be driven not only by whether people engage in leisure, but whether they find value in what they are doing.
“Attitudes can be difficult to change, so it may not be possible to shift beliefs about leisure overnight,” said lead author Gabriela Tonietto. “For those who think of leisure as wasteful, focusing on the productive ways that individual leisure activities can serve their long-term goals can help.”
1. Which statement illustrates the participants enjoying their Halloweenless?A.They are enthusiastic party-goers. | B.They enjoy relaxing with their family. |
C.They consider trick or treating boring. | D.They put much value on responsibilities. |
A.To shape their attitude to leisure. | B.To inform them of the cat videos. |
C.To measure their happiness level. | D.To examine their productivity. |
A.Its accessibility. | B.its various types. |
C.Its potential contributions. | D.Its flexibility. |
A.Pursuing Happiness Intentionally Might Backfire |
B.Happiness Comes from Real Satisfaction of Life |
C.Believing Leisure Is Wasteful Reduces Happiness |
D.More Leisure Doesn’t Necessarily Bring Contentment |
【推荐3】Reading is a complex and crucial skill that impacts the youth’s ability to perform as students. Therefore, it’s important to develop reading skills during childhood. A team of researchers focused on the effect of whole-body learning in instruction, known as embodied learning.
The research included 149 children, aged 5 to 6, who had just started school. They were divided into three groups: one that stood up and used their whole bodies to shape letter sounds; a seated group that shaped letter sounds with their hands and arms; and a control group that received traditional, seated instruction during which they wrote letters by hand.
“Our research showed that children who used their whole bodies to shape the sounds of letters became twice as proficient at letter sounds that are more difficult to learn as those who received traditional instruction” says PhD student Linn Damsgaard of UCPH’s Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports.
With regard to difficult letter sounds, she adds, “There are many difficult letter sounds in Danish. These sounds are particularly important because once children become skilled at them, they will be better readers.
Associate professor Jacob Wienecke, who led the study, explains, the primary goal is to learn more about which methods can be used to give beginner readers a good start. The idea is that if, through play and movement, we can learn where their strengths truly lie, we’ll create a form of learning that combines reading with play, and that’s truly positive.”
Previously, the researchers showed that the children felt more motivated by teaching methods which included physical movement. Jacob Wienecke hopes this will provide an opportunity to inspire teachers and school managers to prioritize movement across subjects.
The study also investigated whether a direct effect of embodied learning could be found on children’s reading of words. This was not possible, which might be due to the fact that the children were at such an early stage of their literacy development that they could not yet use their knowledge of letter sounds to read words.
1. What were the participants required to do in the study?A.To pick out difficult letter sounds in Danish. |
B.To learn new letters through repeated writing. |
C.To learn letter sounds using different approaches. |
D.To memorize some letter sounds as soon as possible. |
A.By combining learning with games. |
B.By offering them chances to cooperate. |
C.By inspiring them to overcome difficulties. |
D.By explaining instructions to them patiently. |
A.terrible. | B.skilled. |
C.delighted. | D.fascinated. |
A.Encouraging educators to apply it to teaching. |
B.Enabling researchers to carry out further studies. |
C.Urging schools to pay attention to physical exercise. |
D.Promoting harmonious teacher-student relationships. |
A.Children prefer learning step by step. |
B.Children are too little to use their knowledge smartly. |
C.Children lack enough practice to get fully improved. |
D.Children’s learning still relies on adults’ instruction. |
【推荐1】Caffeine is not just for mornings anymore. This simple yet effective ingredient (成分) is gaining attention in the beauty world, thanks to its popularity on TikTok and celebrity endorsers (代言人) who say caffeine-infused skin care products are a quick, affordable way to give your face a little pick-me up.
“When used in skin care, caffeine reduces blood flow to the skin and makes it look brighter and tighter,” says Dr. Hsu, a well-known researcher in skin care. “It’s often seen as an anti-aging or wrinkle-smoothing ingredient in face care eye care, and even body care.”
The key to making skin care products work is proper formulation. In particular, when the right amount of caffeine is used it can be an effective ingredient to freshen up your skin. remove dark under-eye circles.
Several studies, like one published in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science, show that caffeine molecules are small enough to pass through the top layers of your skin, so it can really dig in and do its job inside your skin, explains Dr. Hsu.
But it’s worth noting that just because a product claims it contains caffeine. “It doesn’t mean it will automatically give you the benefits you’re looking for,” he says.
“Caffeine primarily works through circulation, so it’s fast acting: protective against oxidative stress (氧化应激) for the skin.” says Ife Rodney. MD, a board-certified dermatologist and founder of Eternal Dermatology and Aesthetics in Fulton, Maryland.
“Caffeine may also help protect against photodamage. like fine lines and wrinkles after sun exposure. Studies show caffeine helps when it’s applied after exposure to UVA and UVB (中波与长波紫外光) rays,” Dr. Rodney says.
“The main downside is that the skin benefits of caffeine works fast and goes fast, similar to drinking a cup of coffee.” says Rodney. “Caffeine is a temporary solution and will not cure wrinkles or under-eye bags.” she says.
1. What makes caffeine become popular in the beauty world?A.Its magic power on skin diseases. | B.The effective ingredient of caffeine. |
C.Some people’s recommendation. | D.Powerful advertisement of Dr. Hsu. |
A.It blocks totally blood flow to the skin. |
B.It removes dark eye circles once for all |
C.It protects people’s eyes from UVA and UVB rays. |
D.It reduces harm to skin after sun exposure. |
A.It’s not easily available. | B.It lasts for a short time. |
C.It needs to be drunk. | D.It has no real effect. |
A.Sceptical. | B.Positive, | C.Objective. | D.Uninterested. |
【推荐2】The State of the World’s Birds — report from conservation group Bird Life is the latest critical survey that highlight the scale of the current biodiversity crisis. It says, more than half the world’s bird species are in decline, as human activities including agriculture and expansion into habitats continue to wreak havoc on bird populations.
“We have already lost over 160 bird species in the last 500 years, and the rate of extinction is accelerating,” said Lucy Haskell, who is lead author of the report. “Historically, most extinctions were on islands, but worryingly there is a growing wave of continental extinctions, driven by landscape-scale habitat loss.”
The report reviewed data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Analysis showed that 5,412 of bird species worldwide, or 49 percent, have declining populations, while 38 percent are stable, 6 percent are increasing, and 6 percent have unknown trends. One in eight species is threatened with extinction, and also highlighted the massive scale of population loss in several well-surveyed areas.
The expansion and intensification (集约化) in agriculture is the leading threat to birds, the report said, impacting at least 73 percent of threatened species. Unsustainable logging and management of forests is another significant threat, impacting nearly half of threatened bird species.
Birds play an essential role in the health of ecosystems around the world. They are predators, pollinators, seed dispensers, and scavengers, and help to move and cycle nutrients across wide ranges. “Birds tell us about the health of our natural environment — we ignore their messages at our peril,” Lucy said.
Authors of the report said that governments must prioritize more sustainable agriculture practices and the protection of natural habitats in order to slow population decline in bird species. There are numerous examples of populations bouncing back with the help of well-coordinated conservation programs. “If we give nature a chance, it can recover,” said But chart, who is chief scientist for Bird Life. “There is no denying that the situation is terrible, but we know how to reverse these declines.”
1. What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Gradually change. | B.Sharply increase. | C.Slightly disturb. | D.Seriously damage. |
A.By listing causes. | B.By making comparisons. | C.By analyzing data. | D.By answering questions. |
A.Illegal hunting for birds. | B.The development of agriculture. |
C.Poor management of forests. | D.The loss of landscape-scale habitats. |
A.Birds play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity. |
B.Governments have protected natural habitats greatly. |
C.Conservation programs need to be updated more frequently. |
D.Scientists are confident about slowing population decline of birds. |
【推荐3】There is a famous expression in English: "Stop the world, I want to get off!” This expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, that makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again. “Stress” means pressure or tension. It is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life. Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health problems.
There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart. It can increase the pulse rate, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory system (呼吸系统). It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. It can cause stomach pains and problems digesting food.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often respond too strongly to little problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may shout at a child for dropping a glass of juice.
Long-term stress can lead to serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of lasting stress. Alcoholism (酗酒) and other addictions often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating disorders, such as anorexia (厌食症), are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one’s mental health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It has a great influence on the well-being of our bodies, our feelings, and our minds. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.
1. Which of the following is NOT a common problem caused by stress?A.Physical problems. | B.Anecdotal problems. |
C.Mental problems. | D.Emotional problems. |
A.To show that people under stress may feel tired all the time. |
B.To prove that stress affects our physical health. |
C.To show how people under a lot of pressure may overreact to little things. |
D.To explain why stress makes people nervous. |
A.excited | B.hungry | C.thirsty | D.tired |
A.The arms. | B.The stomach. | C.The lungs. | D.The heart. |