How wonderful would it be if new technology could help the physically challenged? A smart wearable device that enables people with speaking disabilities to communicate normally is giving hope to those without a voice.
Tao Luqi, a research fellow at Chongqing University, used a material called graphene to produce an artificial throat with a tiny sensor that allows people with speech impairments to speak normally, according to a paper published in Nature Communications in 2017. Tao has continued his work on the device for the last four years.
Although it’s a tiny mechanical sensor, it can work wonders. The device can detect weak vibrations and can produce sounds across a wide spectrum, from 100Hz to 40kHz, China Daily reported. Humans can detect sounds in a frequency range from about 20Hz to 20kHz.
“Although the speaking impaired people can’t speak, their throats can vibrate,” Tao told The Paper. “If I put a device made of graphene into the throat of a person, it can detect the vibrations and make sounds using electrical signals.”
Even whispers, screams and coughs at different frequencies can be recorded and encoded by the device, and it can arrange them into groups. When the device detects the sounds in a particular group, it will reproduce the words, phrases or sentences, according to Tao.
“But the speaking impaired people need to classify their own language sounds in groups and memorize them, just like typing keys on a keyboard,” Tao said.
Tao’s artificial throat has brought the possibilities of graphene to reality. It’s been 17 years since the discovery of graphene, and the world has been waiting for the “wonder material” to provide groundbreaking innovations. At only the width of an atom, graphene is the thinnest material known to humans – and also the strongest. The material is also an efficient conductor of heat and electricity, and is ultra-lightweight, China Daily reported.
“Graphene really does have fantastic properties and its potential is huge,” said Khasha Ghaffarzadeh, a director at UK-based research consultancy IDTechEx.
China has emerged as a key country for graphene production. Around 3,000 Chinese companies are exploring uses for graphene, according to government statistics in 2018, while half of the world’s graphene-related patents have been filed in China, according to China Daily.
“It’s a brand-new science, and China is trying to take the lead,” said Neill Ricketts, chief executive at Versarien, a UK-based advanced material company.
1. How does the artificial throat give those who are speaking impaired the ability to speak?A.It makes their throat vibrate. |
B.It transforms vibrations into readable words. |
C.It detects sounds normal people cannot hear. |
D.It makes sounds based on the vibrations it detects. |
A.Identify frequencies of different sounds. | B.Arrange the words into sentences. |
C.Memorize their sound groups. | D.Type the words with the device. |
A.It is widely used in groundbreaking innovations. |
B.It is the thinnest and strongest material ever found. |
C.It can improve the efficiency of heat and electricity. |
D.It weighs less than any other material. |
A.Graphene’s potential widespread use in China. |
B.Development of technology using graphene. |
C.Graphene-related patents in China. |
D.China’s leading role in graphene production. |
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【推荐1】On Tuesday. Google announced a new feature (特点) for the Google Assistant. People can send reminders to friends and family on their phone or their Google Home equipment.
Google has named the new feature Assignable Reminders. Here’s how the new Assignable Reminders feature works with Google Assistant.
You start off by simply starting the Google Assistant by saying “Hey Google” or by whatever shortcut (快捷键) you have set on your phone. After this, you can tell Google Assistant to remind someone of something at a certain time.
This feature will also be feasible on the Google Home smart speaker, or a smart display which works with Google Assistant. The person receiving the reminder can also replay the reminder by asking Google Assistant to show them a list of all their reminders.
These reminders can only be sent to people who are already listed as family in your Google account (账户) or people who are linked (连接) and voice-matched to the same Google Home equipment.
Another feature built within Assignable Reminders is the ability to set reminders based on someone’s place. For example, you can set a reminder for friends to buy you something from a store as soon as they reach there.
Assignable Reminders will be put into use in the next few weeks in the U.S. , the U.K, and Australia.
1. What’s the new feature for the Google Assistant?A.Linking to more people. |
B.Sending pictures to the family. |
C.Reminding someone of something on the phone. |
D.Answering a phone call for people. |
A.free | B.lost |
C.made | D.used |
A.Those who have ever sent reminders. |
B.Those who know the Google Assistant. |
C.Those who are using Google Home equipment. |
D.Those who are linked to the same Google Home equipment. |
A.A feature of Google Assistant. |
B.Reminders will be put into use soon. |
C.Reminding someone to do something in time. |
D.Using the “Voice Match” to recognize the voice. |
【推荐2】Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through the generations. It is in the buildings and structures around us. It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure. It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell. But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only are the damages of time threatening our cultural heritage, but climate change, globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price. Technology is now the most important weapon in the battle. Here’s how technology is preserving our cultural heritage.
As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品) by 2D images is extremely time-consuming. Increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (算法) allow millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours. AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and better than previous methods.
Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years. Many of the most important sites and architecture are easily damaged. Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm. Wastes pile up everywhere, causing serious problems. As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We’ll all finally be able to walk through places, look at (and touch) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.
Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved by technology. Efforts in research, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.
1. What does the underlined word “exacting” in paragraph 1 mean?A.demanding | B.cutting | C.receiving | D.paying |
A.It makes preservation safer. | B.It produces 2D images. |
C.It makes restoration easier. | D.It creates replicas in seconds. |
A.By reducing human impact on the site. |
B.By recycling huge amounts of waste. |
C.By forbidding visitors from touching artifacts. |
D.By educating people about the sites’ importance. |
A.Ignoring. | B.Supportive. | C.Objective. | D.Disagreeing. |
【推荐3】Ever since mobile phones became widely used around the world, there have been concerns about how safe they are. All mobile phones give off a small amount of radiation when in use, which many believe could be a cause of cancer. However, two recently published studies tried to finally answer the question of whether using mobile phones actually brings a dangerous risk to humans.
Carried out by the US government, the studies exposed rats and mice to radiation over the course of two years. A small number of the rats were found to have developed heart tumors (肿瘤) as a direct result of the radiation exposure. However, John Bucher, one of the study’s authors, said that the animals were exposed to far more radiation than even the heaviest mobile phone user would usually be, reported The New York Times. Bucher also added that the findings didn’t make him want to change his or his family’s mobile phone usage habits.
Indeed, the US Food and Drug Administration said it believes that it has “not found enough evidence that there are negative health effects on humans” from mobile phone use. Although mobile phones do give off radiation, it’s a different type of radiation than that given off by dangerous sources.
High-energy radiation – such as that given off by nuclear waste – is known to be very dangerous to humans as it is able to damage our DNA, leading to cancer or even death. On the other hand, low-energy radiation – such as the one given off by mobile phones – is considered to be harmless.
We’re exposed to this all the time, as it’s given off by everyday objects like WiFi routers (路由器), televisions, and even bananas. Some argue that when it comes to human health, however, you can’t be more concerned, even if the risk is only small. For those people, an earphone is advised when they are making phone calls and the time spent using mobile phones can be limited.
But don’t worry: there’s no need to take bananas off the menu.
1. What did the two recent studies by the US government discover?A.Radiation exposure could bring risks to animals rather than to humans. |
B.Too much radiation exposure could lead to health problems. |
C.Using mobile phones only increases the risk of heart diseases. |
D.There is no link between mobile phone radiation and cancer. |
A.To inform people of harmful radiation sources. | B.To explain how radiation affects our lives. |
C.To show mobile phone radiation is not so dangerous. | D.To remind readers to keep away from radiation. |
A.People should use a mobile phone giving off radiation as little as bananas. |
B.It’s unnecessary for people to get rid of the mobile phone due to its radiation. |
C.Bananas should be included in the menu for people to keep health. |
D.Eating bananas can help people against radiation given off by mobile phones. |
【推荐1】The lettuce grown on board the International Space Station (ISS) was just as safe and nutritious as crops grown on Earth, scientists have found. Study of the lettuce grown on the ISS showed it was comparable to the plants grown on Earth. Its nutritional value was largely the same. They also found that none of the types of bacteria (细菌) were those known to cause disease in humans.
Most of the food eaten by astronauts on the ISS is processed and pre-packaged. Over time, however, this stored food starts to lose quality and nutrition. While this is not a problem for astronauts on board, as food from Earth is supplied regularly, for long space flights — like those to the moon and Mars — it could really become a problem.
“Right now we cannot make sure that we will have a diet to meet the needs of astronauts for these longer space missions, so one possible solution will be to supply the packaged diet with fresh produce,” said NASA’s Christina Khodadad and Gioia Massa. “This space-grown lettuce will provide additional nutrients to the packaged diet. Growing plants may also provide psychological (心理的) comfort when astronauts are far from home. In addition to providing food, plants generate oxygen as well as remove carbon dioxide, which is important in closed systems like the ISS or future moon/ Mars facilities,” they added.
The biggest problem for growing crops in space, the researchers said, is delivering water, oxygen and nutrients to the roots (根). However, they said that with the right plant growth systems, crops can be grown anywhere. “We are continuing to test other crops, with the addition of small fruiting crops like peppers and tomatoes in the next couple of years... We hope soon to get to the point where astronauts will be able to choose the crops that they want to grow,” the researchers said.
1. What have scientists found about the space-grown lettuce?A.It has more bacteria. | B.It grows bigger. |
C.It is less nutritious. | D.It is safe to eat. |
A.It will cause disease. | B.It will be of poor quality. |
C.It will soon go bad. | D.It will not be delicious. |
A.It costs a lot and takes long. |
B.It will cause danger in closed systems. |
C.It can provide powerful seeds for Earth. |
D.It favors astronauts physically and mentally. |
A.Build a plant growth system. | B.Study how to water plants. |
C.Grow other crops. | D.Make food with the space-grown lettuce. |
【推荐2】One of the most dangerous insects you need to watch out for during summer is mosquitoes. But no matter how you try to avoid them, some people naturally attract mosquitoes more than others.
One of the most important facts to remember is that mosquitoes track people down by smell and body odour(气味), according to Bart Knols, PhD, a biologist devoted to the study of mosquitoes. The carbon dioxide people breathe out, along with chemicals from the skin, creates an “odour plume” that mosquitoes can detect from up to almost 100 feet away. “Each person gives off more than 300 chemicals from the skin, more than 100 in breathing out,” Knols says.
The specific mixtures on the skin that mosquitoes respond to vary by species. The yellow fever mosquito and Asian tiger mosquito, for example, respond well to lactic acid from skin. African malaria mosquitoes respond to a mix of fatty acids, according to Knols. Your individual mixtures and smells determine how much of a mosquito attraction you are, depending on the mosquito species. The mix of chemicals you produce are only partly in your control. These chemicals depend on your genetic make-up, health condition, diet, skin pH, and so on. “Bacteria(细菌)on the skin break down the mixtures that we give off through our pores(毛孔), and these are the attractive smells,” Knols says. “So it is not actually we that attract mosquitoes, but the bacteria on our skin.”
Although this is a complex and partly understood phenomenon, Knols says that we do all have a unique smell. There are many folk stories about why some people are more or less attractive to mosquitoes. Some people falsely think the blood type is the cause, and others believe taking vitamin B or eating garlic makes people less attractive to mosquitoes—but Knols notes there’s no scientific data backing these claims.
1. What do we learn from the second paragraph?A.Mosquitoes can detect people with smell. | B.Nobody can avoid mosquitoes anyway. |
C.A person breathes out over 300 chemicals. | D.People naturally attract mosquitoes. |
A.To persuade readers to protect the environment. |
B.To warn people against touching mosquitoes. |
C.To show different mosquitoes react to mixtures. |
D.To make people look out for poisonous mosquitoes. |
A.Chemicals in the mouth. | B.Mixtures people give off. |
C.Smells from the pores. | D.Bacteria on the skin. |
A.The Scientific Reason You Are a Mosquito Attraction |
B.Folk Stories about How Mosquitoes Attack People |
C.Attitudes toward Mosquitoes Different People Have |
D.Ways to Make People More and More Attractive |
【推荐3】It is long known that there are benefits from being in nature. Living around trees can help you live longer. Walking in the woods is good for your mood. But it’s not just what you see that makes an impact. A group of scientists from the U. S. and Canada studied the advantages of nature using their ears instead of their eyes.
“Our research team studied the acoustic (声学的) environment for quite a few years, but from the view of the negative impacts of noise pollution,” Rachel Buxton, the post-doctoral researcher and bird expert says. “However, I’ve always been curious about what are the beneficial impacts of natural sounds.” Being a bird expert made him interested in sounds.
For their research, Buxton and her team identified three dozen studies that examined the health benefits of natural sound. Some examples they found reported in those studies included decreased pain, lowered stress, improved mood, and better cognitive (认知的) function. With these results in hand, they then listened to audio recordings from 251 sites in 68 national parks across the United States.
“We found many sites beneficial to health in parks—sites with abundant natural sounds and little disturbance from noise,” Buxton says. “Yet, parks that are more heavily visited or near urban areas are more likely to be flooded with noise. That means many park visitors are not gaining the health benefits found in more quiet spaces.”
Interestingly, Buxton says, there was also some evidence that natural sounds have benefits over silence. There was also evidence that more different types of natural sounds—more types of birds singing versus just one type of bird—have benefits over fewer sounds.
“Also, a really interesting result was that listening to natural sounds with road noise had more benefits than just listening to noise,” she says. “So although you might not be getting the same health benefits as a quiet environment with lots of natural sound, even in a city if you have noise in the background, listening to natural sounds still delivers some health benefits.”
1. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?A.By listing examples. | B.By making a comment. |
C.By providing some accurate data. | D.By presenting a widely held view. |
A.The bad effects of noises. | B.Birds’ habitat environment. |
C.The causes of noise pollution. | D.Humans’ visual interest in nature. |
A.Paragraph 3. | B.Paragraph 4. | C.Paragraph 5. | D.Paragraph 6. |
A.Advantages of being in nature. | B.Different types of natural sounds. |
C.Well-being from sounds of nature. | D.Relationship between sounds and moods. |