There’s a significant reason behind the four standard colors found on passports, but there are some unusual shades, too. Take a closer look at that small, rectangular booklet in your hand. Depending on where you’re from, its color could tell you a lot about the country you call home.
“Although there are no strict international guidelines for passport colors, the shades are by no means random. Countries typically choose colors that can best show their culture, politics, or faith.” Claire Burrows of De La Rue, a British passport-making company, told the Economist.
For example, Islamic countries often use green passport covers because the color is important in their religion. Member countries of ECOWAS(the Economic Community of West African States) cover their passports with various shades of green, too. Members of the European Union, on the other hand, use burgundy-colored passports, as do countries who would like to join the EU, such as Turkey.
The United States tends to march to the beat of its own drum, and its passport’s color is no different. While the country shifted between pale brown, green, and a variety of reds into the latter half of the 20th century, it finally settled on blue in 1976. As for the shade? It matches the blue on the American flag, according to the Economist. Citizens of many Caribbean and South American countries, including Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, also carry blue passports.
But why all of the dark shades? According to Bill Waldron of Holliston, a Tennessee-based passport-printing firm, darker colors are preferred because they can hide dirt, provide a nice contrast with the country crest, and appear more official.
1. What is the principle of a country’s choosing colors of passports?A.Picking a popular color at random. | B.Considering the likes of its people. |
C.Matching the image of the country. | D.Following the international guidelines. |
A.Turkey tries to seek a sense of belonging to the EU. |
B.Member countries of ECOWAS are religious countries. |
C.Green receives great popularity among Asian countries. |
D.Members of the EU issue passports with a unique color. |
A.To follow the trend of the times. | B.To behave in an individual manner. |
C.To act differently to draw attention. | D.To display its strengths on purpose. |
A.Why Your Passport Is in Dark Shades |
B.What Your Passport Color Really Means |
C.What Your Passport Can Tell about You |
D.Why Your Passport Is Connected with Colors |
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【推荐1】Color is considered one of the most useful and powerful design tools you have. People respond to different colors in different ways. Colors tell someone if you are friendly. In the same way they affect whether someone will continue clicking through your website. Colors determine if someone will start reading your article in a magazine or post on your website.
Colors also help to keep people involved on your website and determine how long they stay. Of course that’s not just about the content. Colors also influence how people will respond and behave.
The next time you go into a fast-food restaurant, look closely at the colors. Do they decorate with vivid reds and oranges because they encourage diners to eat and leave quickly like many of the fast-food establishments(企业)?That is exactly the response they want.
Different cultures have different attitudes and preferences; thus, they will have another color reaction. In China, “white” stands for death and in Brazil, it is the color purple while in America it is black. People from warm countries respond favorably to warm colors; people from colder climates prefer cooler colors. In America, green is associated with jealousy or money. Blue (the most popular) is associated with trust, responsibility, belonging and coolness.
This also means that color affects shopping habits. Different colors attract different kinds of customers. Red, orange, black and royal blue attract impulse(冲动的)buyers. Pink, light blue and navy attract smart budget shoppers. There is really a lot into it. To experience this, why not click on the following large companies’ websites that have spent the funds on this type of research now?
1. This passage mainly tells us ______A.what colors mean to people in different countries. |
B.colors affect people in many different countries. |
C.which kind of color does good to people’s health. |
D.a good website should have as many kinds of colors as possible. |
A.Reds and oranges in a restaurant will make you stay there longer. |
B.In Brazil, the color purple is associated with death. |
C.People from warm countries will like cooler colors better. |
D.People’s shopping habits will not be affected by colors |
A.To offer some large companies’ websites. |
B.To introduce what colors mean in different countries. |
C.To tell us how to use colors in our daily life. |
D.To give more examples about successful restaurants. |
【推荐2】In February 2015, a photograph of a dress raised heated debate around the world. The disagreement centred on the dress’s colour: some people were convinced it was blue and black while others white and gold. People couldn’t understand how, faced with exactly the same photograph of exactly the same dress, they could reach such different conclusions.
For a long time, people believed that colours were objective, physical features of objects or of the light that was reflected off them. But this theory isn’t really true. Different wavelengths of light do exist independently of us but they only become colours inside our bodies. Every person’s visual system is unique and so are their perceptions (感知). This is why no two people will ever see exactly the same colours.
Another cause of the problem is language. People generally name only the colours they consider socially or culturally important. In English we divide colour space into 11 basic terms — black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown, grey, orange and pink — but other languages do things differently. At least one Indigenous community has no specific words for any colours, only “light” and “dark”. The Aztecs, who were enthusiastic farmers, used more than a dozen words for green.
A single colour can mean completely different things in different places and at different times. In the west white is the colour of light, life and purity, but in parts of Asia it is the colour of death. Many people today think of blue as masculine (男性的) and pink as feminine (女性的), but only a hundred years ago baby boys were dressed in pink and girls in blue.
All of this taken together, it becomes rather difficult to reach a conclusion different from that of the 18th-century philosopher David Hume: colour is merely a phantasm of the senses.
1. What caused a world-wide discussion?A.The exact colour of the dress. | B.The colorful design of the dress. |
C.The changing colour of the dress. | D.The number of the dress’s colours. |
A.Wavelengths of light became colours. |
B.Colours existed objectively and physically. |
C.Everyone’s visual system worked uniquely. |
D.Colours could be reflections of different light. |
A.Colour meanings may vary in places. |
B.Colour can have special gender meanings. |
C.Colour may mean differently in different cultures. |
D.Colour can have various meanings at different times. |
A.Colour doesn’t exist in reality. | B.Colour doesn’t make any sense. |
C.Colour is an imagination in mind. | D.Colour is independent from senses. |
【推荐3】Plenty of cars in ads are red, blue or green, but almost three fifths of new cars sold are black, white, silver or grey.
A survey shows people prefer the colors of cars that don’t show dirt such as grey. That means the owners can wash their cars less, saving money. Besides, some areas that are short of water do not allow people to wash their cars often.
According to another survey, white cars are often sold more than cars of other colors. And the research also suggests that there is a lower risk of accidents during the day for white cars compared with darker ones. People also think the temperature inside white cars is lower than that inside cars of other colors.
At present, every year about 11 percent of cars sold are red and 8 percent are blue. Green has become less popular. In the mid-1990s, green was the most popular color in many places of the world. But today, green cars are hard to find.
Sometime in the future, people may not have to choose the color of their car because technology may let owners change their car’s paint color anytime.
1. Which of the following car colors doesn’t often appear in advertisements?A.Green. | B.Blue. | C.Red. | D.Silver. |
A.改善 | B.缺少 | C.利用 | D.节约 |
A.lower | B.no lower | C.higher | D.not higher |
A.Many new cars sold are black, white, silver or grey. |
B.The reason why people like grey cars. |
C.The reason why white cars are often sold more than cars of other colors. |
D.The reason why people don’t choose green cars. |
A.White. | B.Green. | C.Bue. | D.Red. |
【推荐1】Americans are more stressed than ever, according to an American Psychological Association survey, and nearly one-third of the people say stress impacts their physical or mental health. If you have any of these symptoms, your stress might be making you sick. Here’s how to battle against them.
If you’ve never suffered from headaches but suddenly your head is constantly striking, you might be too stressed. Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and blood vessels(血管)in the brain, which brings on a headache. Stress can cause them or make them worse. It’s also common for your muscles to tense up when you’re stressed, which can also cause a headache. WHAT TO DO: If you don’t want to take medicine, try spreading lavender(薰衣草)oil on your temples(太阳穴)when a headache starts. |
Stress can make you mentally sick, too. Too much of the stress hormone cortisol(皮质醇)can make it harder to concentrate, causing memory problems as well as anxiety or depression says Dr. Levine. WHAT TO DO: Relax until you regain your concentration. Practice closing your eyes and breathing in and out slowly, concentrating only on your breath. |
Losing a few strands of hair is normal—old hair follicles(囊)are replaced by new ones over time—but stress can disturb that cycle. Significant stress pushes a large number of hair follicles into what’s called a resting stage and then a few months later those hairs fall out, according to MayoClinic. org. Stress can also cause the body’s resistant system to attack your hair follicles, resulting in hair loss. WHAT TO DO: Be patient. Once your stress level returns to normal, your hair should start growing back. |
1. If you’re stressed, you might have one of the following symptoms EXCEPT that .
A.you keep getting headaches | B.you always have a cold |
C.your hair is falling out | D.your brain feels confused |
A.Breathing slowly with your eyes closed. |
B.Waiting until your brain returns to normal. |
C.Spreading lavender oil on your temples. |
D.Relaxing and attacking your brain softly. |
A.Our hair starts falling out and then grows back. |
B.Our body’s resistant system attacks your hair follicles. |
C.Our hair starts growing again. |
D.A serious headache starts. |
【推荐2】African penguins stand only 50 cm tall. Like people, each penguin has its own voice. They live along the southern coast of Africa. Like all the other penguins, they hunt fish in the ocean and lay eggs on land. But they are smaller than their well-known cousins in Antarctica (南极洲) and larger than little penguins in Australia and blue penguins in New Zealand. But the African penguins have a problem—they are endangered.
The African penguins used to nest (筑巢) underground in the bird poop (粪便), which came from the penguins and other seabirds. Over hundreds of years, it had built up to form a thick layer as deep as 3 meters.
However, in the 1860s, people began collecting the poop to use it on farms. Now there’s no more poop to make nests. The penguins have to lay their eggs in the open. As a result, the penguins often get too hot. When the parents leave the eggs to cool themselves down in the water, other animals can easily find the eggs and eat them.
To solve the problem, the scientists set up an artificial nest project in 2016. They came up with criteria for the nest. It had to protect penguin eggs from being eaten. It couldn’t flood in the rain. And it needed to keep penguin families cool. The scientists built 15 kinds of nests to find the perfect one. Finally two of them stood out. Both of them could let air flow through. The scientists plan to build more than 2,500 nests for the African penguins in the future. They hope the new nests can help increase the number of the endangered birds.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A.African penguins are usually 3 meters tall. |
B.Blue penguins are smaller than African penguins. |
C.African penguins prefer to lay eggs in the ocean. |
D.African penguins live along the northern coast of Africa. |
A.What the African penguins look like. | B.When the African penguins build nests. |
C.How the African penguins make their nests. | D.Why the African penguins become endangered. |
A.Prices. | B.Memories. | C.Standards. | D.Conversations. |
A.New nests will be built for the penguins in Australia. |
B.The African penguins are in great danger nowadays. |
C.The nests of the African penguins were built underground. |
D.The scientists wanted to help the African penguins build their homes. |
【推荐3】When most people go to the famous amusement parks in Orlando, Florida, they miss some of the natural wonders the State has to offer. It was in Citrus County on the beautiful west coast of Florida that we went to see the manatee (海牛), which occupies coastal waters and rivers.
Our days started early in the morning at Homosassa Springs. We boarded a boat with Captain Traci Wood from Native Vacations. Having spotted two manatees just below the water, Captain Traci stopped the boat as they slowly swam toward us. They used their tails to drive themselves, steering with their flippers(脚蹼), gracefully moving their bodies through the water in our direction. Our boat was soon surrounded by other members of this gentle species.
Soon we continued our journey. Within a few minutes Captain Traci stopped the boat again and we were given instructions. Whatever you do, she said, remember the three golden rules: minimize splash (拍水) noise; act with very slow movements; and when you touch one of these friendly, gentle grey giants on the back or stomach, never touch with more than one hand at a time. The Endangered Species Act forbids touching a manatee unless it touches you first, and they will let you know. The protection of this endangered species is taken very seriously. But this won’t affect the experience in the least. Most Homosassa manatees are very social and will come to you.
Manatees feed strictly on plants, and they eat a great variety of species, including hyacinth and water lettuce. They’re very big, measuring 3 to 5 metres and weighing as much as 1,600 kilos. Despite this, they look very cute. Manatees are of course wild creatures, although when face to face with them, you’re unlikely to feel any fear.
From December to March, groups of manatees escape the cold winter ocean and bathe in the warm waters near power plants and coastal springs that stay about 23 degrees year-round. Divers and swimmers come to Florida from all over the world for a chance to swim or interact with the manatee in its natural environment, rich in marine vegetation. This rich source of food makes this area an ideal place for the manatees. So the manatees arrive every year by the hundreds to find warmth, nourishment(营养) and maybe, just maybe, to visit us, the curious humans.
1. According to Captain Traci, those who swim with manatees mustn’t________.A.be under the age of twelve | B.make any noise to annoy them |
C.swim so slowly as to be caught by them | D.touch them with both hands at the same time |
A.They live on other sea animals. | B.They are not dangerous to humans. |
C.They remain curious about humans. | D.They are among the biggest sea animals. |
A.To stay away from the cold weather. | B.To interact with human beings. |
C.To give birth to their babies. | D.To clean their bodies. |
【推荐1】When you walk along a street in a big city in the United States, you may see clocks in most stores. Radio announcers give the correct time during the day. People there think that it is important to know the time. Most Americans have watches. They want to do certain things at certain times. They do not want to be late. Not all people all over the world value time. Suppose you visit a certain country in South America. You would find that people living there do not like to rush. If you had an appointment (约会) with someone, he would probably be late. He would not care for arriving on time. In some countries in South America, even the radio programs may not begin right on time, nor do the radio announcers think it important to announce the right time. Many people regard a clock as a machine. It seems to them that a person who does everything on time is controlled (控制) by a machine. They do not want a clock or any machine to have that much power over their lives.
1. There are clocks in most stores in the US cities because ______.A.people in the stores want to sell these clocks |
B.people think it important to know the time |
C.bosses want to make their stores beautiful |
D.they needn’t wear watches when they are away from home |
A.run | B.race | C.move | D.hurry |
A.the radio programs may start a bit early or late |
B.the radio announcers do think it important to announce the exact time |
C.many people think a clock has much power |
D.most people do not want to be controlled by others |
【推荐2】Culture shock occurs when people have been suddenly thrown into a new culture. Newcomers may be anxious because they don’t speak the language. Neither do they know the customs or understand the people’s behavior in daily life.
Quite often the visitor find that “yes” may not always mean “yes”, that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigners may be unsure as when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The idea of culture shock helps explain feeling of puzzlement and confusion.
Language problems do not lead to all the setbacks that people feel. When one has lost everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register (注册,登记) for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.
When an individual enters a strange culture, he or she feels like a fish out of water. Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel deserted by the native members of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to refuse everything about the new environment and may glorify and sing their own praises of the positive aspects of their own culture. On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by rejecting its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it.
1. The biggest barrier (障碍) people often meet with in a new country is____A.the language | B.the transportation |
C.the environment | D.the puzzlement |
A.Excited. | B.Delighted. | C.Upset. | D.Hopeless. |
A.it’s impossible to get used to a new culture |
B.people feel confused due to culture shock |
C.foreigners often don’t mean what they say |
D.most foreigners are usually quite humorous |
A.people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture |
B.a fish can not survive without water |
C.people away from their culture experience mental loneliness. |
D.people away from their culture have many difficulties in new environment |
【推荐3】Cultural differences do exist, and we can really use them to tighten our relationship as human beings. Because there is strength in diversity. So, we are going to expose some interesting cultural differences around the world in this article. Read some interesting cultures around the world to help you travel out of your homeland!
In Greece spitting (吐痰) at weddings is believed to drive away devil (恶魔). Funny as it sounds, this cultural tradition is an important practice. To make it even more shocking, this spitting is focused on the bride. It is seen as good luck to bless the couple. However, Things have been changed in some parts of Greece these days. Wedding guests just face the bride and make sounds and impressions that show they are spitting on her—without actually spitting.
Everybody knows the Thai people are so friendly, but their culture demands that you never point your feet at anyone of any statue, especially that of the Buddha. In addition, they also consider the head to be more important than other parts of the body. This is why it is disrespectful to touch another person’s head in Thailand. Statues are not left out. If you see the Buddha statue, avoid touching its head as well.
Russians are very hospitable (好客的) people. In their culture food is serious business. Lunch is the most important and heaviest meal. If you get invited by your Russian friend for a meal, don’t ever refuse it-they find it impolite. You might want to skip your own meals to leave space in your stomach for the food you will eat in Russian gatherings. This is very interesting cultural difference between Russian people and other nations.
Since there is limited knowledge about cultures outside your own, you won’t be able to really flow with a foreigner. Now, you know some about the cultural differences around the world, so we hope it will make your life easier.
1. Why do Greek spit at wedding?A.To add fun to the wedding. | B.To send wishes to the couple. |
C.To celebrate the new wedding. | D.To drive away bad luck and bless the couple. |
A.Eating too much food for a meal. | B.Touching your head in your home. |
C.Pointing your feet before the Buddha. | D.Spiting in your best friend's wedding. |
A.We should accept their meals in Russia. |
B.We need to eat as little as we can in Russia. |
C.We can refuse the food Russian people give. |
D.We should not arrive late for a meal in Russia. |
A.Beautiful tourist attractions in the world |
B.The most delicious food in different countries |
C.Interesting wedding traditions in Asian nations |
D.Surprising cultural differences around the world |