Adolescence is a crucial period of human life that is characterized by the physiological evolution of somatic characteristics associated with psychological and behavioural modifications. In this period of life, the subject experiences a process of growth, the development of his own personality, and the discovery of himself.
But how do parents feel about their kids’ independence showing-out?
They are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends, parents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.
Disillusionment (幻灭感) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility (一贯正确), and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parents’ refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.
Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian (专制的) attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.
1. What truly provoked the inevitable disillusionment according to Paragraph 4?A.The contrast between parents’ realistic conditions and adolescents’ expectation |
B.Resistance against their parents’ unreasoning demands or instructions |
C.The doubted belief that parents tend to be wiser deciders than kids |
D.The criteria of evaluating parents’ automatic behaviour |
A.forming distant connections with parents |
B.breaking their parents's caring hearts and underlying concerns |
C.losing their own pursuits for ambitions and dreams |
D.bringing themselves a abnormal psychological state |
A.Inner Journey: How Emotional Connections Shatter |
B.Suspending Adolescence: A Bridge Is Forming |
C.Adolescent Break-through: Pursuits For excellence |
D.Anxious Parents: A Helping Hand Need A Break |
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【推荐1】My father's reaction to the bank building at 43rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York city was immediate and definite: "You won't catch me putting my money in there!" he declared, "Not in that glass box !"
Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is upsetting, but I am convinced that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money .
In his generation money was thought of as a real commodity (实物)that could be carried, or stolen. Consequently, to attract the custom of a sensible man, a bank had to have heavy walls, barred windows, and bronze(青铜) doors, to affirm the fact, however untrue, that money would be safe inside. If a building's design made it appear impenetrable(难以渗透的), the institution(公共机构, 协会, 制度)was necessarily reliable, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architecture symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money.
But the attitude toward money has, of course, changed. Excepting pocket money, cash of any kind is now rarely used; money as a tangible(切实,实在)commodity has largely been replaced by credit. A deficit (赤字) economy, accompanied by huge expansion, has led us to think of money as product of the creative imagination. The banker no longer offers us a safe: he offers us a service in which the most valuable element is the creativity for the invention of large numbers. It is in no way surprising, in view of this change in attitude, that we are witnessing the disappearance of the heavy-walled bank.
Just as the older bank emphasized its strength, this bank by its architecture boasts of imaginative powers. From this point of view it is hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion (人们的说法)begins.
1. The main idea of this passage is that________ .A.money is not as valuable as it was in the past |
B.changes have taken place in both the appearance and the concept of banks |
C.the architectural style of the older bank is superior to that of the modern bank |
D.prejudice makes the older generation think that the modern bank is unreliable[来 |
A.The former thinks more of money than the latter. |
B.The younger generation values money more than the older generation. |
C.Both generations rely on the imaginative power of bankers to make money. |
D.To the former money is a real commodity but to the latter be a means to produce more money. |
A.ambitious and friendly | B.reliable and powerful |
C.sensible and impenetrable | D.imaginative and creative |
A.cautious | B.regretful |
C.positive | D.hostile(敌意的) |
【推荐2】Courage is a highly admired virtue. When asked to describe courage, most people conjure up(脑中浮现)the image of an individual running into a burning building, or maybe a hero saving the world. But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage.
Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It's the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It's the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it's the ability to stand up for what's right, even though there are risks that stand in your way. Sara Anderson once said that “It takes great courage to faithfully follow what we know to be true.”
The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule. He fought bravely against them without the use of any weapon by presenting great moral courage. In this way, he also became a great example for the people of the whole world. It is not that we remember Gandhi because of his body or beauty. We remember him because of the great ideas and principles of his life.
Moral courage is essential not only for a noble life, but a happy one. Without moral courage, we have no control over our lives. Our fears destroy our spirit and make us trapped in depression. Mark Twain said, “Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.” If our fears cause us to lose confidence in the power of virtue, we will lose something very precious.
People with moral courage rarely get medals, but it is the best marker of true character and a virtue others can be proud of. We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world.
1. What is the main function of paragraph 1?A.To make a comparison. | B.To propose a definition. |
C.To provide the background. | D.To introduce the subject. |
A.Moral courage restricts great ideas and principles. |
B.Moral courage makes people faithfully follow the truth. |
C.Moral courage is essential for leading a happy life. |
D.Moral courage can make a difference to the world. |
A.Courage is a spirit to overcome the fear. | B.Courage is being brave without any fear. |
C.Having a fear can limit our future lives. | D.Fear can stop us from achieving our goals. |
A.To end injustice and wrong. | B.To strengthen moral courage. |
C.To pursue excellent virtues. | D.To create a better world. |
【推荐3】How many articles are there about making money online? Thousands? Millions? Enough? Probably. But too many of them are just sales pitches(托辞)to convince you to sign up for some seminar(研讨班), webinar(在线会议), training session or some other way to become an online millionaire.
Many are real jobs that require you to put in hours if you want to get paid.
Take it seriously. You can do the work in your underwear, but that doesn’t mean it’s not a “real job”. You must treat it seriously, or they aren’t going to treat you as a serious candidate. You aren’t the only one who wants to work in their underwear.
Be professional.
Give some, but not all. Whether you’re providing writing
samples, a photography portfolio(文件夹) or links to your work, give them enough examples, but not so many that they don’t even know where to start. Make sure everything you send to a co mpany, whether a résumé, an email or a portfolio, is good to go. Double check your grammar and wording.
A.I’m going to tell you about some legitimate ways to make money online |
B.Here are some tips for actually getting the job |
C.This is especially important when it comes to the company’s name |
D.When you submit a résumé, don’t type it in ALL CAPS |
E.They really give online money making a bad name |
F.They also require real work |
G.In fact, the competition online is likely higher than it is in your local area |
【推荐1】Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ”
1. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?A.Memorizing specific words. | B.Understanding complex information. |
C.Using voices to communicate. | D.Communicating messages on purpose. |
A.It was well designed but poorly conducted. |
B.It was a good try but the findings were limited. |
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable. |
D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise. |
A.Difference. | B.Conflict. | C.Balance. | D.Connection. |
A.Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough |
B.Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills |
C.Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom |
D.Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated |
【推荐2】Many people love the Halloween season, particularly young ones. It’s not hard to understand. The Halloween season is a time for fun-sized candy, giving rocks to trick or treaters, apple cider donuts, and frights. The very last-frights, are generally all in good fun. But can they be dangerous? Can someone be scared to death?
The key factor in an imagined scare-caused death is a little chemical that anyone who’s played a particularly intense game of hide-and-seek is very familiar with: adrenaline (肾上腺素). Fear puts the body in a state of severe emotional anxiety, which in turn causes the autonomic fight-or-flight response.
The fight-or-flight response is an evolutionary defence mechanism (机制) which acts in your best interest when there is a noticed threat. You sweat a lot, your anxiety is exacerbated, your blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels are increased, and your heart rate is higher. Like a cornered animal, you’re a bit less reasonable, a bit stranger, but a bit more ready to survive.
Now, back to the adrenaline. Adrenaline causes all of these processes, but there’s just one organ, which, if overloaded, can lead to sudden death. The human body doesn’t immediately come to an end as soon as a kidney (肾) fails, but when a heart stops working, the whole business fails. This is what happens to your body during an adrenaline rush.
Adrenaline causes calcium (钙) to enter the heart at a higher rate, and when there’s more calcium rushing through the heart, it has harder time resetting to its normal resting rate. This can cause a dangerous condition, which prevents blood from pumping to the rest of the body. Without immediate treatment, this can lead to sudden death.
Of course, such cause of death isn’t unique to being scared. Any event that increases one’s adrenal level could lead to this dangerous condition. So if you are planning on scaring others the next Halloween season, be sure to do it in a controlled setting, especially if you have a history of heart problems.
1. What do we learn about the fight-or-flight response mentioned in Paragraph 2?A.It makes us think in a better way. |
B.It prevents adrenaline from rising. |
C.It has nothing to do with little kids. |
D.It is meant to help us survive better. |
A.acquired | B.relieved | C.worsened | D.addressed |
A.Having a failed kidney. |
B.Having faster blood circulation. |
C.Having too much calcium in our blood. |
D.Having irregular heartbeats. |
A.enjoy Halloween in a controlled way |
B.avoid low blood glucose levels |
C.exercise to protect ourselves from heart disease |
D.avoid scaring others during the Halloween screen |
A.Is it enjoyable to frighten others? |
B.Is it possible to be scared to death? |
C.Why is too much adrenaline dangerous? |
D.What to watch out for during the Halloween season? |
UFO is short for Unidentified Flying Object. It’s also called Flying Saucer. It is one of the most popular topics in the 20thcentury. With films likeClose Encounters of the Third Kind andETin the 1970s came a rapid increase in reports of flying saucers and men from Mars. More than 20 countries said their people once saw the UFO and there were over 1,200 reports about the UFO. Some even said they saw aliens.
In July, 1916, Gaynor was a nine-year-old girl and lived in North Wales. One day, on her way home from school, she saw a silver object in a field not far from her home. The object looked like a saucer. Gaynor was very scared. She stayed in the tall grass and watched the door of the strange object open. She saw two aliens wearing silver suits get ou. Then they use something to examine the ground. They were short and had pink eyes. After about half an hour, the two aliens went back into the object. Then it took off. When Gaynor got home, she told her mother about her unusual experience, but her family decided to keep quiet about it. They didn’t want others to laugh at their daughter. However, 18 months later, Gaynor told her story to UFO scientists. They found out that Gaynor told the truth.
1. What does UFO stand for? (No more than 3 words)2. How did Gaynor feel when she saw the silver object like a saucer? (No more than 4 words)
3. Why did Gaynor’s parents keep quiet about her experience ? (No more than 10 words)
【推荐1】Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem harmless, and Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens give out as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found, and the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming frequently updated, owners are throwing many microwave after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.
A study by the University of Manchester worked out the emissions of carbon dioxide-the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change - at every stage of microwaves, from production to waste disposal (处理). “It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors, who also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour to use appliances more efficiently. For example, electricity consumption by microwaves can be reduced by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.”
However,David Reay, professor of carbon management argues that,although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the emissions from microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of carbon dioxide in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the whole of the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus,rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.
1. What is the finding of the new study?A.The use of microwaves emits more CO₂ , than people think. |
B.CO2 emissions pose a major threat to the environment. |
C.The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health. |
D.Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular. |
A.They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances. |
B.They take less time to cook than other appliances. |
C.They are getting much easier to operate. |
D.They are becoming more affordable. |
A.Cooking food of different varieties. |
B.Eating less to cut energy consumption. |
C.Improving microwave users' habits. |
D.Using microwave ovens less frequently. |
A.It plays a positive role in environmental protection. |
B.It makes everyday cooking much more convenient. |
C.It will become less popular in the coming decades. |
D.It consumes more power than traditional cooking. |
【推荐2】You are what you eat — and what you eat may be encoded in your DNA. Studies have indicated that your genetics play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or disgusting. “Everything has a genetic component, even if it’s small,” says Joanne Cole, a geneticist and a professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. “We know there is some genetic contribution to why we eat the foods we eat. Can we take the next step and actually show the exact position of the regions in the genome (染色体)?”
A new research led by Cole has gotten a step closer. Through a large-scale genomics analysis, her team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food preferences. The findings were presented at the American Society for Nutrition’s annual flagship conference.
They were based on a 2020 Nature Communications study by Cole and her colleagues that used data from the U. K. Biobank, a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to home in on 194 regions associated with dietary patterns and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, tea and alcohol.
“This study had a huge number of subjects, so that’s really powerful,” says Monica Dus, an associate professor at the University of Michigan, who wasn’t a part of the new research but studies the relationship between genes and nutrition. “The other thing that I thought was really great is that they have so many different characteristics that they’re measuring in respect to diet. They had cholesterol, the body, socioeconomic backgrounds.”
As the research advances, Dus says such genome analyses could possibly help health care providers — and even policymakers — address larger issues that affect food access and health. “Instead of trying to obsess over telling people to eat this or that, a more powerful intervention is to link it to making sure there aren’t ‘food deserts’ or to make sure that there’s a higher minimum wage — things that have a broader impact,” she says.
1. What is the purpose of Cole’s new research?A.To encode the role of DNA in determining food choices. |
B.To select genetic components tightly related to food consumption. |
C.To figure out the relationship between genetics and food preferences. |
D.To identify specific regions in the genome related to food preferences. |
A.The process of the study. | B.The findings of the study. |
C.The data-source of the study. | D.The significance of the study. |
A.The subjects of the study are powerful. |
B.The research team studied many aspects linking to diet. |
C.The genome analyses have no prospect in the future. |
D.People’s wage should be raised because of “food deserts”. |
A.What You Eat Impacts Your Health |
B.What You Eat Forms Your Dietary Pattern |
C.Your Genes May Determine Your Nutritional Need |
D.Your Genes May Influence What You Like to Eat |
【推荐3】A vacation often means rest and relaxation, but more and more people are looking at traveling as an opportunity to help others and give back.
Don Germaise is a familiar face to many in Tampa Bay, but this former TV reporter’s life has changed a bit. “In the TV business you see the best and the worst the world has to offer, and at some point, it just occurred to me: I just need to do something to make the world a better place,” he explained.
He now travels the world, volunteering his time to help others. “Here’s the best part about a volunteer vacation. You’re not stuck at a hotel doing tours that everyone else does,” Germaise said. “You’re meeting regular people, living with regular people and helping regular people all over the world.”
Travel Writer Joe Miragliotta says that’s exactly why more people are spending time volunteering on vacation. “Travelers, especially millennials (千禧一代) like myself, are becoming more socially conscious when it comes to choosing where they go,” Miragliotta said. “They want to connect with the communities and causes they really care about.”
He recently took some time out of a trip to San Francisco to help out at a local farm. “Here, volunteers are growing healthy foods for the community, and they give it right back for free; and you know you can tend the vegetable gardens, help clean the orchard—lots of fun activities,” Miragliotta explained.
Volunteering doesn’t take up your entire vacation. You can do it for a few hours or even a few days. It’s all up to you. “With a kid...when you do something as simple as giving him or her a pencil when they never had a pencil for school, the look in their eyes is so unbelievable,” Germaise said. “It’s like they got an iPad for Christmas. It’s the greatest feeling in the world.”
1. What do vacations mean to Don Germaise?A.Having a rest and relaxing. | B.Getting an opportunity to travel. |
C.Meeting and helping regular people. | D.Reporting on what happens around the world. |
A.are becoming more socially conscious | B.find it fun to help in vegetable gardens |
C.enjoy taking care of the children around | D.are trying to learn more about other people |
A.It only takes travelers a few hours to do volunteering. |
B.Finding a way to help the people in need is not easy. |
C.It is impossible for the kids to get an iPad for Christmas. |
D.Making a small difference to people’s life is rewarding. |
A.Millennials pay more attention to society. |
B.Volunteer vacation is becoming a new trend. |
C.Two travelers shared their experiences abroad. |
D.Volunteers enjoy popularity among local people. |