Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each w-组卷网

题型：选词填空-短文选词填空难度：0.65 引用次数：123 题号：14929583

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. evident B. relatively C. concentration D. dissolved AB. rough
AC. necessarily AD. evolved BC. reach BD. common CD. consume
ABC. access

Studies have shown that the love children have for sugar may be innate. The preference for sweet foods is found to be already 1 in newborns, who prefer sweeter formulas (配方奶). There's further evidence that kids' taste buds are more sensitive to bitter-tasting foods, further pushing them to 2 for the sweets.

One study showed that adults tend to max out their sugar preference at about the level of sugar in a can of soda, but older children still liked drinks that were twice as sweet. The scientists couldn't find a limit to the 3 of sugar younger children preferred. It turns out that the kids still liked the sugary drink even past the point where there was too much sugar to be 4 in water anymore.

In the times of early humans, those who ate the most calories had a better shot at survival and thus at passing on their genes. Fruit, the most 5 natural source of sugar, could provide more energy than other sources of food, like vegetables, but was 6 scarce. So some scientists suggest that those early humans that ate the most fruit lived longer and had more babies. Those future generations may have then 7 to crave that sugary fruit as an important part of their survival.

Now, of course, sugar is no longer scarce and we 8 it in much larger quantities than the occasional rare fruit. So, in the evolutionary game of survival of the fittest, the fittest isn't 9 the one with the most sweets anymore.

Will we start to adapt to our new, easy 10 to refined sugars and eventually stop craving them? Perhaps, but that kind of evolution takes time.

22-23高二上·上海·阶段练习查看更多[1]

更新时间：2022-01-19 13:45:07 |

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【知识点】科普知识

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文章大意：这是一篇说明文。主要解释了人类脑海中的“心理杂音”现象，并探讨了如何理解和处理这种现象。

【推荐1】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A purposeless B. reminding C. focus D. aware E. identify F. managing
G. attention H. unrealistic I. appeal J. control K. intelligent

When did the voice inside your head start talking? I became 1 of mine at about the age of 15. At night, I sometimes found it difficult to get to sleep because there was so much “mind chatter” inside my head.

In fact, mind chatter is quite common for human beings. Usually, whenever our 2 isn’t occupied, a stream of mental associations flows through our muds— thoughts about the future or the past, daydreams about alternative realities, or friends or celebrities. We often call this mental activity “thinking”, but this isn’t really accurate.

Real thinking suggests something active over which we have conscious(有意识的) 3 . It happens when we consciously use powers of reason and logic to make decisions and plans, organize our lives, solve problems and so on. But mind chatter isn’t like this. It’s random(随机的)and 4 , running through our head regardless of our desires and distracting us.

For example, imagine you’re thinking about what elective course to take for the next school year. As you are considering them, thoughts about your favorite subjects flood in, 5 you of a project that you really like. This makes you remember chatting with friends about some documentaries that 6 to young people. Suddenly, you remember the upcoming science fair and you worry about 7 your time. All these thoughts leave you struggling to 8 , and you end up seeking advice from classmates.

However, it’s 9 to expect to silence our mind chatter altogether. It’s such a natural part of our minds that it won’t disappear. We should accept it and treat I t as a kind of physiological process that takes place inside us but is not part of our identity. We don’t get our sense of identity from our digestion or blood circulation, so why should we 10 with the voice inside our head?

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文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们在现实生活中跷二郎腿的习惯是非常不好的，会引起身体的不适，同时就此给出了一些建议。

【推荐2】Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word that you do not need.

A. push B. supports C. notice D. last E. comfortable

F. twisted G. pressure H. difficult I. posture J. work K. habit

Crossing your legs when you sit down is a common habit. Most people don’t even notice that they’re doing it. While you may find it 1 to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.

A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring have stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The blood in your legs has to 2 against gravity to be pumped back to your heart, but crossing one leg over the other increases resistance(阻力),making it harder for the blood to circulate(循环). This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to 3 the blood back to the heart.

Crossing your legs can also lead to neck and back pain. When you sit with your legs crossed, your hips are in a 4 position. This can cause one of your pelvic(骨盆的)bones to rotate. Since your pelvic bone 5 your neck and spine(脊柱), this can cause pressure on your lower and middle back and neck.

You might also 6 that when you sit with your legs crossed for long periods of time your feet and legs get tingly(轻微刺痛的). This is because when one leg sits on top of the other it causes 7 on the veins(静脉)and nerves in your legs and feet. It can cause numbness in the legs, ankles or feet. While the feeling of discomfort may only 8 a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.

So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the 9 of sitting with both of your feet planted on the floor. Not only will it help your 10 and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.

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文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明海豚能够感知电，这种天赋可以让它们更好地锁定隐藏的鱼类并指引路径。

【推荐3】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. houses B. approaching C. appear D. talent E. exclusively
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Dolphin Senses

New research involving trained dolphins seems to further prove that these animals can sense electricity. The 1 may allow them to better lock onto hidden fish hunted and direct the path.

The ability to sense electric fields is known as electroreception(电感受). All animals produce a weak electric field, but electroreception has almost 2 been found in water creatures. About a decade ago, scientists published research suggesting that some dolphins have passive electroreception. And in 2021, researchers in Germany released their own study finding that dolphins likely have it, too.

This new research is a follow-up to that latter study by the same team—one intended to better describe the 3 of electroreception in bottlenose dolphins. The researchers teamed up with scientists from the Nuremberg Zoo, which currently 4 six dolphins. They specifically worked with two bottlenose dolphins named Donna and Dolly. They first trained them to rest their jaws on a metal bar in the water, and then to respond to an electric field 5 them by swimming away within five seconds. They then gradually 6 the strength of this field to test the dolphins’ sensitivity.

The findings further prove that bottlenose dolphins can indeed sense electricity, but suggest that some dolphins are better at it than others. Donna, for instance, was a bit more 7 and able to respond correctly to a weaker field than Dolly.

The electroreception found in dolphins doesn’t 8 to be as strong as it is in the typical shark, but it’s probably still useful enough for them to find fish 9 underneath sand, stones or mud within a few centimeters away. Other studies have suggested that dolphins also possess a sense that acts as a sort of 10 GPS for them. So these dolphins’ electroreception might provide an explanation for that ability as well, Huttner said.

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