3D printing is becoming more and more popular. We are now able to create things we need very quickly and easily using 3D printers. But can you imagine printing food?
Some scientists are trying to revolutionize the dining experience by doing this. They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will be as common as the microwave oven or blender.
Scientists say that it’ll be quite easy: you simply have to select a recipe and put the raw food “inks” into the printer. You can also modify the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals.
Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving the environment. There would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot more efficient. For example, alternative ingredients(原料) such as proteins from algae, beetroot leaves and insects could be converted into tasty products.
Printing food could also help people who suffer from dysphasia (a swallowing disorder). They could program the printer to print softer versions of their favorite foods so that they would not have trouble in swallowing them.
However, some people think that a future of 3D food printing would be a disaster. It could take away many jobs, including those from growing, transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw “food ink”. Likewise, traditional cafes and restaurants might lose business. Also, there are concerns about the nutritional value of printed food: is it really possible to be get the nutrients we need from food-based inks and gels(凝胶)?
What’s more, cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity. It is hard to imagine a world where the pleasure of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button.
1. Which of the following best describes 3D food printing?| A．Quick and popular. | B．Easy and efficient. |
| C．Nutritious and tasty. | D．Soft and convenient. |
| A．Traditional food would disappear. |
| B．Many people could lose their jobs. |
| C．It would affect the people’s health. |
| D．We could all eat the same food. |
| A．3D food printing will replace traditional cooking. |
| B．3D printing food can treat dysphasia. |
| C．It would hurt our tradition of food culture. |
| D．3D food printing would be a failure. |
| A．3D food “printing”: coming to the kitchen. |
| B．Can 3D printing create everything? |
| C．3D printing food will be in fashion! |
| D．The disadvantage of 3D food printing. |
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【推荐1】Garlic has surprising staying power. Twenty-four hours after eating it, a strong smell is still in the breath. In fact, one doesn’t even need to put the garlic in one’s mouth to get garlic breath. In 1936, a doctor wrote that soon after he delivered the baby of a mother with a very strong garlic smell to her breath, he noted that the child also had a strong garlic breath smell.”“On occasion I have mentioned this to other men and they usually think that I am joking.” he wrote.
The reason garlic breath can happen to people who haven’t even chewed the stuff themselves is that garlic contains sulfur compounds(硫化合物) that go into the bloodstream after being digested. Carried by the blood, they travel into the lungs and up the throat and out the mouth. No amount of brushing your teeth will get rid of it..
However, taming chemistry with chemistry, it turns out, is a better approach. Some years ago Sheryl Barringer, a scientist at the Ohio-State University, had a student ask her about doing project on garlic breath. There was some research on foods that, if eaten alongside garlic, seemed to destroy the smell: some top performers included lettuce, celery, potato, parsley, mint, basil apple and mushroom. But not as much was known about why. Barringer and some students since have looked to see just how well certain foods fight garlic breath and how, exactly, they do it.
The group’s latest paper traces the smell-killing power to a likely chemical reaction between four of garlic’s sulfur compounds and phenolics (酚类物). Lettuce, mint, and apple have been a focus. Of all the choices, mint makes the most sense. Mint has very high levels of phenolics. Apple has a lower amount of phenolics, though still a good helping. But lettuce has the least of any substance tested, far less than even green tea, which has no smell-killing effect at all. “That’s where I would say we don’t completely understand what’s going on,” says Barringer.
1. How might those people feel when hearing about the baby with garlic breath ?| A．Embarrassed. | B．Surprised. |
| C．Worried. | D．Excited. |
| A．Fighting. | B．Producing. |
| C．Detecting. | D．Combining. |
| A．How garlic breath can be got rid of. |
| B．Why some foods can kill garlic breath. |
| C．How apples react to sulfur compounds. |
| D．Which foods can help remove garlic breath |
| A．Mint. | B．Apple. |
| C．Lettuce. | D．Green tea. |
Stilton Cheese Rolling
May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2, 000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not lack or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors’ lane. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth
Every year more than 10, 000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy, but hot enough to make your mouth bum, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!
La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts La Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.
The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50, 000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and fora much-needed wash!
In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must| A．wear various formal clothes |
| B．roll a wooden cheese in their own lane |
| C．kick or throw their cheese |
| D．use a real cheese weighing about four kilos |
| A．three days | B．seven days |
| C．less than three days | D．more than seven days |
| A．The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine. |
| B．More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. |
| C．Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. |
| D．An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina. |
【推荐3】In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有）a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食）when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）.When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.
Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding. high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
1. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .| A．not aware of eating more than usual |
| B．not willing to share food with others |
| C．not conscious of the food quality |
| D．not fond of the food provided |
| A．playing classical music. |
| B．Introducing lemon scent. |
| C．Making the light brighter, |
| D．Using plates of larger size. |
| A．Tips to attract more customers. |
| B．Problems restaurants are faced with. |
| C．Ways to improve restaurants' reputation. |
| D．Common misunderstandings about restaurants. |
【推荐1】When you are sick, you may dream: if only I had been given an injection against diseases before my birth. It is not a dream now.
On Nov. 26, He Jiankui from Guangdong announced the birth of healthy twin girls, Lulu and Nana, earlier in the month. They came into being via external fertilization with gene editing technology that protected them from HIV infection.
The reaction to his announcement was explosive. China’s Ministry of Science and Technology has cooperated with other departments to investigate He’s project. In a signed open letter released on Nov. 27, 140 Chinese researchers in HIV/AIDS from China and abroad condemned the research. They questioned the need for He’s project. The letter said that there are many treatments that prevent babies born to HIV-positive parents from being infected. In fact, there are many drugs for this.
Until now, there has only been gene editing research on faulty embryos(胚胎）. The research only went ahead when it was clear that children would have terrible diseases. But even this research is controversial.
The idea that research could find ways to switch off genes that cause cancer may be exciting, but it is also troubling. There are worries about babies that are designed to be superior, with better looks and above average skills. People are also concerned that gene editing changes the human genome(基因组）, which means that changes will be handed onto future generations and spread through the population. Such research also raises ethical(道德的）questions. If the technology becomes available, who will be able to use it? Will it be only the wealthy? And if people live much longer lives, will there be an effect on the size of the world population?
Those questions are difficult to answer. But one thing is certain: If the cures have the potential to affect not just those who are treated, but the human population as a whole, it’s important to ensure that scientific advances aren’t getting too far ahead of our understanding of how to use them.
1. Why does the writer talk about “dream” in paragraph 1?| A．To stress the importance of dreams. | B．To show how to achieve one’s dream. |
| C．To introduce gene editing technology. | D．To prove that injections can cure disease. |
| A．Critical. | B．Supportive. | C．Cautious. | D．Unclear. |
| A．It is the only way HIV-positive parents bear healthy babies. |
| B．It has already been applied in more than one field. |
| C．It is highly appreciated because it can cure terrible diseases. |
| D．It can bring benefits to humans as well as troubles. |
| A．Treatments for new-born babies. | B．Worries about the future generation. |
| C．Development of science and technology. | D．A hot issue about gene editing research. |
【推荐2】As people travelling by air become increasingly aware of their carbon footprint, flying has become not only one of the most polluting industries, but also one with the most potential to turn things around.
After Solar Impulse 2 completed the world’s first flight by a solar-powered aircraft in 2016, airlines and aircraft producers looked to become the first to provide a commercial plane. Bertrand Piccard, one of the pilots responsible for Solar Impulse 2’s journey said, “All the clean technologies we’ve already had can be used everywhere. We have to use them, not only for the environment, but also because they are profitable and able to create jobs.”
The following year saw many projects in the aviation (航空) field as the airline industry acknowledged the future of low- carbon transportation methods. In 2017, Zunum Aero, a small aviation company which focused on delivering a range of hybrid-electric (混合电动的) planes received financial aid from JetBlue and Boeing, whilst EasyJet teamed up with Wright Electric to develop battery-powered aircraft and NASA also announced its plans to develop its own electric aircraft.
Orkney Islands, lying about 20 miles north of the Scottish mainland, are rich in renewable resources, especially the wind energy. Loganair, a Scottish airline, is cooperating with aviation companies to make Orkney the world’s first fully electric airline routes. However, this is never easy. Due to the limited size and weight of a battery that an airplane can carry, airplane producers are faced with a bottleneck—the continued power supply for electric airplanes. They believe the abundant wind energy in Orkney could be the key to solving it.
The benefits of electric air travel transcend its low-carbon emissions. Aviation experts believe these aircraft’s power source will also mean they will be less noisy, smaller, require less maintenance costs, and need a shorter runway to take off and land—this could lead to more airports in small cities and more rural areas being connected to the world at large.
1. What did Bertrand want to convey in his words?| A．The future of aircraft pilots. |
| B．The success of Solar Impulse 2. |
| C．The convenience of commercial planes. |
| D．The significance of using renewable energy. |
| A．By asking for financial support from banks. |
| B．By cooperating with another company. |
| C．By purchasing patents from other countries. |
| D．By improving the technology on its own. |
| A．Use natural resources to charge airplanes. |
| B．Build more coal-fired power stations. |
| C．Develop shorter airline routes. |
| D．Increase the size of battery. |
| A．Making plane tickets cheaper. | B．Making the flying time shorter. |
| C．Making the world more connected. | D．Making the plane maintenance easier. |
【推荐3】AI is a tool, a powerful tool that for the first time in human evolution provides the means to improve analyses, thinking, decision capabilities and creativity. These four human capabilities can be found in most of our daily activities, at personal, social and business level. Having a tool can definitely improve our capabilities.
As any tool we invented, it robs us of something: While AI has increased human strength and required fewer resources, it reduces the need for a single person to be “strong”! We have plenty of examples of complains from the past towards the appearance of new tools.
Plato, the great Greek philosopher, once reported in his dialogues of concerns raised by the use of writing, a tool that would have robbed people from their capabilities to memorize, since memories could be shifted to writings on parchment (羊皮纸). Therefore, in a way, there is nothing really new in our reaction to this new tool.
The opportunities offered, however are huge, and as for previous invented tools, the time will soon come when we will no longer have an option to use or not use AI.
The IBM Global AI Adoption Report based on 2022 data point s out that only 1 company in 5 is not using or planning to use AI. According to McKinsey and Gartner, the two most well-known consulting (咨询) companies, most medium and large companies are already using AI and by the end of this decade all will be using it as an integral part of their activity support. In other words, by the end of this decade, there will be two kind of companies, those using AI and those that are out of business.
1. According to the author, what has AI done for us?| A．Rob us of some resources. | B．Reduce personal strengths. |
| C．Improve our capabilities. | D．Make decisions for humans. |
| A．To highlight the power of new inventions since ancient times. |
| B．To provide an example of people's concerns about new inventions. |
| C．To show that people have been making new inventions all the time. |
| D．To make sure that people understand the importance of new inventions. |
| A．Only large companies will use AI. |
| B．Mckinsey and Gartner are already using AI. |
| C．Most companies are using or planing to use AI. |
| D．There will be two kinds of companies in ten years. |
| A．Why Should We Use AI? | B．Where Is AI Leading Us? |
| C．What Should We Do with AI? | D．To Use or Not to use AI, It's a Question. |
【推荐1】Today companies have branches around the world. More than 11% of the US managers and workers work online either full-time or part-time, and that number is continuing growing. It is believed that it is a waste of time and money to fly around the world for face-to-face meeting. An effective solution to this problem is to use Web meetings.
A large group of presentations, training classes and meetings are done online without losing the face-to-face experience. Web meetings are online meetings where an organizer invites attendees(参会人员) to listen to or watch an online presentation by presenters. Besides, Web meetings can be recorded for later use or downloaded for playback.
Presenters can take surveys to study how to hold a successful meeting. Some Web meeting software programs can watch the users’ desktop behavior to see if they become not focused on the presentation and begin working on other documents. If so, the program can tell presenters when the listeners lose their attention, which will help the presenters know which parts of the meeting need improving.
Web meetings can work well because they’re connected by a server(服务器). Companies have two choices when it comes to these servers. They can either buy a special Web meeting server to hold their meetings at high speed, or they can pay for a Web meeting service center every time to let it help connect every attendee, whose speed is always worrying. The choice depends on how frequently the company holds Web meetings and the average number of people attending the meetings.
Web meetings are an excellent example of how technology is changing the way we do business. With all the technologies today, the traditional office might soon be a thing of the past.
1. What is the advantage of Web meetings?| A．They leave more people unemployed. |
| B．They save people much time and money. |
| C．They cause more traffic accidents every day. |
| D．They make people spend more time on computer. |
| A．Turning to the meeting presenter | B．Asking help from other attendees |
| C．Expecting next meeting | D．Downloading the meeting |
| A．Web meetings lose the face-to-face experience. |
| B．Some Web meeting programs help improve the meetings’ quality. |
| C．Web meetings improve the meetings’ atmosphere. |
| D．Companies must buy a special server to hold Web meetings. |
| A．Concerned. | B．Uninterested. | C．Negative. | D．Positive. |
【推荐2】As anyone in mainland Britain who has ever attempted to grow berries or nuts or indeed feed the birds – will know, doing so is equal to an opening move in a game of chess with local grey squirrels, a game the squirrels tend to win. Grey squirrels are also fond of the occasional bird’s egg or the young bird, and enjoy tearing and eating the bark of young broad leaf trees, which can either kill the trees or leave them open to infection. This, apart from affecting biodiversity and landscape, harms the wood industry. The loss is not insignificant: £37 a year in England and walks.
Grey squirrels, introduced from North America in 1876, have almost replaced native red squirrels by competing them for food and habitat. They are larger and stronger, and resistant to squirrel pox virus, while reds are not. About 3 million grey squirrels now live in the UK; the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the grey squirrel among the top 100 most harmful invasive (入侵的) species in the world.
In Britain, much effort and inventiveness has been made in stopping grey squirrel progress, from trapping and shooting them, to releasing pine mar tens into their habitats. The latest move, a workable system for which was thought to be a decade away, is forbidding the breeding (繁殖) of grey squirrels. However, legal challenge brought so many delays that the invasive grey squirrel population expanded to an unmanageable level and wiping out were abandoned. The main issue in Britain was thought to be more technological than legal designing a drug that targets only grey squirrels to prevent their breeding. Another possibility in the years ahead is to use DNA editing to ensure grey female are born unable to give birth.
Grey squirrels have now been here for nearly 150 years. They do actively threaten another species in Britain. There is a strong argument that ecosystems change. In fact, that is their essential nature, and it is unrealistic to stop it. The attraction of controlling the breeding methods of grey squirrels is that they are less inhumane, and aim for balance rather than uprooting.
1. What does the author focus on in paragraph 1?| A．The harm from grey squirrels. |
| B．The eating habits of grey squirrels. |
| C．The effect of grey squirrels on industry. |
| D．The game between the British and grey squirrels. |
| A．Their huge number. | B．Their unique origins. |
| C．Their breeding ability. | D．Their physical qualities. |
| A．Less labour. | B．Shortage of money. |
| C．Imperfect law. | D．Lack of technology. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Objective. |
| C．Favorable. | D．Doubtful. |
【推荐3】In a foreign country, a man visited a local restaurant. He didn’t speak their language. He ordered something indecipherable (难以辨认的) off the menu. When the waiter brought him a plate of delicious looking fried noodles, he smiled and made an OK sign at the waiter with his thumb and forefinger linked in a circle. Looking angry, the waiter then picked up the dish and thrown it to his lap. What he did wrong, he wondered. Well, nothing is quite as it seems when it comes to using hand gesture in another country.
Gestures have been used to replace words in many countries, and they are often specific to a given culture. Gesture may mean something complimentary in one culture, but is highly offensive in another.
The gesture “thumb-up” is commonly misinterpreted. In English, it is popularly known as “thumbs up”, despite the fact that the action is commonly performed with only one hand. English-speaking Caucasians use it to signal “OK”, which is the same meaning as OK ring gesture. The two can in fact be used almost interchangeably.
Avoid using this gesture in Northern Greece unless you want to invite a fight. While American, British and Australian would use the thumb-up to signal hitch-hiking to the drivers, this message will not encourage a Greek driver or motorist to stop to give them a ride.
There are no right or wrong signals, only cultural differences. Lack of cultural understanding will lead to disharmony among people from different cultures. When we know what to look for, such encounters with other cultures are actually very interesting, fascinating and fun. It is certainly a great topic to discuss over a cup of coffee and cakes.
1. What did the man in the first paragraph do wrong?| A．He misunderstood the waiter. | B．He didn’t realize cultural differences. |
| C．He ordered something off the menu. | D．He made the signal in a rude way. |
| A．Full of admiration. | B．Full of aggression. |
| C．Full of complexity. | D．Full of certainty. |
| A．He will stop to give you a lift. |
| B．He will get annoyed and fight against you. |
| C．He will ask you to give him a lift. |
| D．He will make the same signal toward you. |
| A．To explain the meaning of different gestures. |
| B．To tell stories about different cultures. |
| C．To advise us to have an understanding of cultural differences. |
| D．To persuade people from different countries to live in harmony. |
