Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso and Leonardo da Vinci ... the art world has never lacked talent. And now, a new painter is ready to join the list, although this one isn’t even human.
Next month, the auction house (拍卖行) Christie’s Prints and Multiples will make history by offering the first piece of artwork created by artificial intelligence (AI) for sale. The painting is a portrait of a man called Edmond, and is expected to be sold for up to $ 10,000.
The work, which features a man with a mysterious look on his face, was created by software developed by a French art group. Nicolas Laugero Lasserre, an art collector, called the work “strange but amazing”. This isn’t the first example of AI produced artwork, as AI has already been used to write poems and compose songs. However, many people doubt whether it should be called art at all.
According to Russian writer Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910), art is about creating emotion. It’s “a means of joining people together in the same feelings,” he once said.
So, if the emotion behind art is what makes it, the ability to create and use tools is what makes human beings different from other species. And as a tool itself, the AI technology used to create the portrait is the result of a lot of efforts made by several designers. Together, they “fed” the AI many paintings from the 14th to the 18th centuries, until it was able to work out how to make similar paintings of its own.
The introduction of AI art could be the beginning of a new artistic movement. However, not everyone is ready to welcome these high-tech artists.
“The human mind is what’s behind the AI technology. And the human mind is not a cold, hard fact,” said Oscar Schwartz, a professor of AI. “Rather, it is something that’s created with our opinions and something that changes over time.”
1. Why does the writer mention these famous artists in Paragraph 1?A.To introduce talented artists’ works. |
B.To make an advertisement for famous artists. |
C.To explain a new art form—AI. |
D.To introduce a new painter—AI. |
A.It results from human works. |
B.It beats human artworks completely. |
C.It expresses human feelings effectively. |
D.It is beyond the imagination of humans. |
A.Limited. | B.Difficult. | C.Decisive | D.Meaningful. |
A.An auction house will make history by selling AI artworks. |
B.A great many artists think AI-produced artworks are amazing. |
C.AI technology can be used to create portraits with the designers’ efforts. |
D.AI artworks have come out, but different people hold different opinions. |
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【推荐1】The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in catch part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions:
Can we predict earthquakes?
Can we control earthquakes?
To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earth’s surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.
However there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.
When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change on a big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.
1. Earthquakes belts are .A.maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur |
B.zones with a high probability of earthquakes |
C.breaks between two sections of the earth's surface |
D.the two layers of earth along a fault |
A.an active fault system |
B.a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly |
C.a place where earthquakes have been controlled |
D.at the foot of the Rocky Mountain |
A.They occur at about 4.000 metres belowground level |
B.The injection of water into earthquake faults prevent earthquakes from occurring. |
C.They are usually caused by the oil in the faults. |
D.Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes. |
A.They have no practical value in earthquake prevention. |
B.They may have practical value in earthquake prevention. |
C.They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention. |
D.Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention. |
【推荐2】What if we had the power to control time, instead of moving from the past to the present to the future? What if we could jump and travel through time in a machine? What if we could go wherever and whenever we pleased?
The mysterious puzzle of time has kept people debating its nature for hundreds of years. Science fiction writers have turned it into imaginative stories. Some scientists have even attempted to explain it using math, trying to make the dream of time travel come true.
Albert Einstein said that time and space are one thing called “spacetime.” He said there are three dimensions in space: height, width and depth. A scientist named Hermann Minkowski added time as a fourth dimension.
Einstein introduced two ideas that have led to theories about the possibility of time travel. The first is relativity. The idea of relativity is that the force of gravity causes space to bend, which causes time to twist. The second idea focuses on special relativity. The idea is that a traveler moving super-fast through flat spacetime will enter the future. Einstein considered time “relative” because it is measured based on where we are on Earth or in space.
Stephen Hawking believes that a time machine will never be built. If it were possible, he thinks we would already know. If a time machine could be built, how come no one from the future has invaded us?
The first science fiction story with this theme is The Clock That Went Backward by Edward P. Mitchell, which was published in 1881. Since then, thousands of books, films and television shows have explored the idea of time travel, in which some tools such as phones, watches, photographs and old books take travelers backward and forward.
Will time travel ever happen? Who knows? Most important is to keep your eyes open and have a sense of wonder.
1. What is the author’s purpose of writing the first paragraph?A.To show time and space are connected. |
B.To ask some questions about time travel. |
C.To draw readers’ attention to time travel. |
D.To make people believe time travel is possible. |
A.Time travel is possible in the future. | B.People can’t move faster than light. |
C.Time travel is against scientific rules. | D.Spacetime is not a real thing in theory. |
A.The first science fiction story. | B.Different works about time travel. |
C.Edward P. Mitchell, the pioneer. | D.Some tools used in time travel. |
A.Negative. | B.Pessimistic. |
C.Sceptical. | D.Hopeful. |
【推荐3】The concepts of green Games and sustainability have been embedded(嵌入)in the entire process of preparing for and delivering the Beijing Winter Olympics, Li Sen, an official from the organizing committee stressed on Wednesday.
China plans to peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality(碳中和)before 2060. At Beijing 2022, the country is translating those promises into concrete actions. Beijing made hosting carbon-neutral Games a key component of its bid(努力) for the 2022 Winter Olympics, Li said, adding that it has fulfilled this promise in terms of venues(场馆), energy, transportation and even administrative work.
Six venues used for the 2008 Summer Olympics have been transformed for use at the 2022 Winter Games, including the Water Cube—also called the "Ice Cube" for the duration of Beijing 2022—the Capital Indoor Stadium and Wukesong Arena. “Reusing the old venues has reduced carbon emissions compared to the alternative of building new ones,” Li added.
As for ecological conservation, he said organizers have put resource saving and environmental friendliness in the first place. “We have implemented integrated(整体的) plans for ecological conservation to protect the mountains and rivers,” Li said.
When mentioning the Yanqing competition zone, Li said that organizers carried out environmental impact assessment work before the Games and integrated sustainability into the planning and construction of the venues, including the protections of plants. “We relocated those plants in the construction area to nearby spots or other conservation areas where they are carefully tended to and are growing well,” Li said.
Beijing 2022’s sustainability plans have gained praise from the International Olympic Committee. “In the time of Beijing 2008 and Beijing 2022, the commitment to sustainability has advanced remarkably, both in sport and in Beijing ,” said Marie Sallois, IOC director of corporate and sustainable development.
1. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A.It will take China 30 years to reduce carbon emission. |
B.Beijing has made special efforts to make the 2022 Olympics carbon neutral Games. |
C.Beijing will use media to broadcast the concept of green Olympics. |
D.Beijing has promised to cut down the use of venues, energy and transportation. |
A.To save energy | B.To cut down expense |
C.To ensure a sustainable development. | D.To protect the original state of the places. |
A.The 2008 and 2022 Beijing Olympics are both successful. |
B.Beijing has made its commitment to host two Olympics. |
C.The 2022 Winter Olympics have greater impact than the 2008 Olympics . |
D.Beijing has been making great progress in hosting green Olympics. |
A.Efforts made in planning the 2022 Winter Olympics |
B.Sustainability highlighted in the 2022 Winter Olympics |
C.Benefits gained from delivering the 2022 Winter Olympics |
D.Experience shared in successfully holding the two Beijing Olympics. |
【推荐1】Machines might one day replace human laborers in a number of professions, but surely they won’t ever replace human artists. Right?
Think again. Not even our artists will be safe from the inevitable machine takeover, if a new development in artificial intelligence by a team of researchers from Rutgers University and Facebook’s A.I. lab offers a clue of what’s to come. They have designed an A.I. capable of not only producing art, but actually inventing whole new aesthetic styles similar to movements like impressionism or abstract expressionism, reports. The idea, according to researcher Marian Mazzone, was to make art that is “novel, but not too novel.”
The model used in this project involved a generator network, which produces the images, and a discriminator network, which “judges” whether it’s art. Once the generator learns how to produce work that the distributor recognizes as art, it’s given an additional directive: to produce art that doesn’t match any known aesthetic styles.
“You want to have something really creative and striking — but at the same time not go too far and make something that isn’t aesthetically (美学地) pleasing,” explained Ahmed Elgammal.
The art that was generated by the system was then presented to human judges alongside human-produced art without showing which was which. To the researchers’ surprise, the machine-made art scored slightly higher overall than the human-produced art.
Of course, machines can’t yet replace the meaning that’s infused in works by human artists, but this project shows that artist skill sets certainly seem duplicatable by machines.
What will it take for machines to produce content that’s infused with meaning? That might be the last A.I. frontier. Human artists can at least hang their hats in that field...for now.
“Imagine having people over for a dinner party and they ask, ‘Who is that by?’ And you say, ‘Well, it’s a machine actually’. That would be an interesting conversation starter,” said Kevin Walker.
1. What is implied in the first paragraph?A.Artists won’t be replaced by AI. |
B.AI can produce new styles of art. |
C.AI is totally at a loss about impressionism. |
D.AI fails to reflect abstract expressionism. |
A.AI can copy the skills of artists. |
B.AI can combine content with meaning. |
C.AI can make art aesthetically unpleasant. |
D.AI can please human judges with its art. |
A.Discover. | B.Hold. |
C.Struggle. | D.Survive. |
A.she uses machines to cook for a party | B.she likes to join in a dinner party |
C.she expects the arrival of AI | D.she cares about the starter of a chat |
【推荐2】With the advancement in AI technology, people are debating the boundary between robot and man: Will robots become more intelligent and eventually replace humans? Rather, what we really need to worry about is actually “men being forced to become machines”.
The tasks of takeout riders are controlled by an invisible hand — the intelligent distribution system. “To make the riders more focused on food delivery, this system replaces our human logic to the maximum extent possible.” The riders don’t need to think but have to follow the guide of the system. All they have to do is riding as fast as possible. The navigation (导航) system charts the “best route” — to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road — which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time. That is why these riders have to race against time as they over-speed, run red lights and go on the wrong road; they have to be faster, and faster. Their actions may be against the traffic law, but they are pushed by the pressure of “system time”. Takeout riders are just individuals who labor with their time, and they can’t go against the “system time”, so all they have to do is speeding. The riders’ physical conditions and the weather are completely invisible to the “intelligent distribution system”.
The scariest part of the system is that it is not only the platform, but the riders themselves that push them to go faster and faster. Every order they’ve delivered has been uploaded to the cloud data of the platform, and the algorithm (算法) will calculate the speed limit of the riders. When everyone gets faster and faster, the algorithm will speed them up accordingly.
Of course, each one of us can be a number in statistics, but “a person” can never be just a number. Algorithms can be cold, but human-beings are not. Data, as a tool, should serve people, but not enslave them.
Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness.
1. According to the passage, what can we learn about the technology?A.Robots has become more intelligent and taken place of humans. |
B.AI technology are quickening takeout riding with navigation system. |
C.The navigation system hasn’t yet mapped out the best route for these riders. |
D.Algorithms will speed takeout riders up appropriately depending on weather. |
A.To make a map of | B.To follow the progress of |
C.To plan an action of | D.To be ranked on a list of |
A.Over-speeding | B.Running red lights |
C.Going on the wrong road | D.Keeping traffic rules |
A.Supportive | B.Cautious | C.Negative | D.Doubtful |
【推荐3】Predicting extreme weather events is a tricky business. Changing climate conditions have increased the frequency of severe storms, floods, and heatwaves, along with larger wildfires. As a result, scientists are using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for more accurate forecasts that help to minimize damage and save lives.
Researchers at Pennsylvania State University have worked together with meteorologists (气象学家) to analyze more than 50,000 weather satellite images to quickly identify storms. They found comma-shaped cloud formations that often lead to severe weather such as hail, blizzards, high winds, and thunderstorms.
Computers were then taught using computer vision and machine learning to automatically detect these clouds from satellite images, with almost 100 percent accuracy, in less than a minute. By refocusing meteorologists’ attention on potential storm cloud formation the AI tool helped predict 64 percent of severe weather events and beat established detection systems.
Expensive supercomputers are often used to process vast amounts of data needed for accurate weather prediction. But powerful AI methods can run on smaller computers. Climate risk and planning company ClimateAI uses a technique to downscale global weather forecasts to a local scale, cutting down on costs and computing power.
It uses a machine learning technique that pits two neural networks against each other. The neural networks - designed to work like neurons connected in the brain - fight and train each other using global weather data until they get a result.
Using this method ClimateAI researchers generate highly accurate and inexpensive local forecasts for hours or days ahead. And because it is not as costly, it allows poorer countries affected by climate change to use forecasts to change the way they farm, build bridges, roads, or homes, and adapt to extreme weather.
Average costs associated with extreme weather events in the United States have increased steadily since 1980. These have costly impacts on cities’ basic services, infrastructure, housing, human livelihoods, and health. AI helps us to calculate that risk and can be used as a preventive measure.
1. What can be inferred from Para.1?A.Inaccurate forecasts minimize the destruction. |
B.AI enhances accuracy in making weather prediction. |
C.Less natural disasters are caused by climate change. |
D.Changeable climate decreased the frequency of serious storms. |
A.Being steadier. | B.Being cheaper. |
C.Being quicker. | D.Being more precise. |
A.To explain how Climate AI works. |
B.To introduce why AI methods are used. |
C.To show where ClimateAI can be applied. |
D.To identify what effects of the AI tool has. |
A.Critical. | B.Approving. | C.Objective. | D.Indifferent. |