The Wealthy Society is a modern classic because it helped describe a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty (贫穷) was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the fear of another Great Depression gave way to an economic growth. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.
To Galbraith, materialism (物质主义) had gone mad and would cause discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn’t really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unsatisfying. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people wrongly considered government only as “a necessary bad.”
It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich — overpaid chief managers, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, people feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants — for bigger homes, more health care, more education, and faster Internet connections.
The other great disappointment is that it has not got rid of insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As company unemployment increased, that part has gradually become weaker. More workers fear they’ve become “
Because so much previous suffering and social conflict resulted from poverty, the arrival of widespread wealth suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, wealth succeeds. There is much less physical suffering than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, wealth also creates new complaints.
Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the search for growth cause new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Wealth sets free the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-accomplishment. But the promise is so unreasonable that it leads to many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown. Figures indicate that happiness has not risen with incomes.
Should we be surprised? Not really. We’ve simply confirmed an old truth: the seeking of wealth does not always end with happiness.
1. The Wealthy Society is a book ________.
A.about poverty in the past |
B.written by Louis Uchitelle |
C.indicating that people are becoming worse off |
D.about why happiness does not rise with wealth |
A.materialism has run wild in modern society |
B.they are in fear of another Great Depression |
C.public spending hasn’t been cut down as expected |
D.the government has proved to be necessary but ugly |
A.They think there are too many overpaid rich. |
B.There is more unemployment in modern society. |
C.Their material demands go faster than their earnings. |
D.Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control. |
A.People with a stable job. |
B.Workers who no longer have secure jobs. |
C.Those who see job stability as part of their living standard. |
D.People who have a sense of security because of their rising incomes. |
A.Stability and security. |
B.Materialism and content. |
C.A sense of self-accomplishment. |
D.New anxiety, conflicts and complaints. |
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【推荐1】How does keeping things tidy change people psychologically? You gain greater confidence in yourself. Also, you become more optimistic and calmer in the mind than before. There are several reasons for these changes: your selfimage improves as you start living in tidy beautiful rooms, and you gain decisionmaking skills as you continue to choose between which things to throw or give away and which to keep. The way we let go of things in the Kon Mari Method plays an important role as well.
The Kon Mari Method has a step where we give thanks to the things before we throw them away. Not only would you say “thank you for sparking joy in me” to a favorite piece of clothing that you wore till it was threadbare, you would also say to a piece of clothing you never wore once “thank you for teaching me that this color doesn’t look good on me”. You will appreciate the roles of all the things that have come to you and experience appreciation for all of them. Through this experience, you will rediscover the truth that you have been supported by so many things and you will deepen your gratitude for things you leave behind.
To share a personal example, I have always had little confidence in myself. When I get nervous before a large speaking assignment, I think to myself that I’ll be fine because these clothes are protecting me and these shoes are supporting me, and that calms me down. Once you start feeling constant gratitude for your things and your home through tidying up, you will start feeling relief and calm as if you are always protected by something larger than you.
1. What psychological change may tidiness bring to people?A.Their confidence will become less. |
B.They will become less optimistic. |
C.They will become more confident. |
D.Their selfimage will be damaged. |
A.To show off his wonderful speaking skills. |
B.To explain how he has become a confident person. |
C.To show his special taste in choosing suitable clothes. |
D.To give an example of the benefit of tidiness. |
A.Regret. | B.Worry. |
C.Patience. | D.Gratitude. |
A.Worn out. | B.Out of date. |
C.Fashionable. | D.Fancy. |
【推荐2】Earlier this year, I removed all Internet services from my home, which was very upsetting at first, but I have lived that way.
I was not content with the time I was wasting—
Now the Internet is a tool I use to improve my life.
It will be upsetting at first, but you will live, and your life will be better without it.
A.Here are some of my tips to use the Internet in a more productive way |
B.Since I got rid of the Internet at home, I’ve found so many benefits |
C.I don’t have a monthly Internet bill |
D.I learnt to think independently |
E.It ended up being the most productive and wisest decision I’ve ever made |
F.I log on to watch some videos or laugh at funny pictures |
G.I felt I could do more purposeful things than spend it on the Internet |
【推荐3】Whether you’re saving up for something special or just trying to get your finances in better shape, reducing unnecessary expenses is always worthwhile.
Cook for yourself instead of eating out.
Eating at a restaurant or getting takeout is much more expensive than making a meal at home.
Bring drinks from home instead of buying them.
Carry your own water bottle or coffee thermos (保温瓶) to save money. Spending $1 or $2 on bottled water or twice that much on a cup of coffee may not seem like much.
Always make a shopping list before you go to the store. The list gives you a clear idea of what you need and avoids unnecessary purchases—but only if you focus on getting just what’s on the list! Take a look around your kitchen to determine what you need before you go to the store, and do your best to stick to your list as you shop.
Use public transportation instead of driving.
Public transportation is good for the environment and your wallet. Add up how much you spend each month on fuel, parking and upkeep for your vehicle, and then compare that to public transportation costs.
A.Create a to-do list online |
B.Shop with a grocery list and stick to it |
C.But that can quickly add up to $20 or more per week |
D.Eating out also requires less effort than cooking your own meal |
E.This article list s a range of helpful ways to cut costs in some areas |
F.In nearly all cases, you’ll save quite a bit by using the second option |
G.Generally speaking, preparing your own meals can save 20% or more on food costs |
【推荐1】Have you ever been given something you don’t like or doesn’t fit, but you don’t want to hurt the feelings of the person who thinks about you? You’re not alone. Everyone has received an unwanted gift at least once in his or her life. That doesn’t mean the item is bad or useless. It simply means that it doesn’t work for you.
If you find yourself with something nice but that doesn’t fit into your lifestyle, consider regifting it. Before you do that, make sure you understand the manners of this practice that is more and more common as people find it difficult to make ends meet to a great extent.
There are specific things you should do to an item. Failure to do any of them may create an awkward situation. You never have to lie about what you are doing, but you don’t want to be in the position of having to explain anything. For example, remove the original wrapping paper and rewrap it in your own; make sure the box is in good condition so the item doesn’t appear used; check the item and make sure there are no cards or names on the packaging; inspect the item and make sure it is in excellent condition.
When you get ready for regifting, consider having a white elephant gift exchange for your next celebration. This removes all the embarrassment of being caught regifting because that’s the whole purpose of the event. In order to prevent hurting feelings, provide everyone with a guest list and ask them not to bring anything given by the people on that list.
1. Why does the author begin the passage with a question?A.To share a hot phenomenon. | B.To introduce the following part. |
C.To ask for readers’ answers. | D.To point out a common opinion. |
A.People’s lack of money. | B.People’s dislike of the gifts. |
C.People’s reduced desire for gifts. | D.People’s understanding of its manners. |
A.What to do before regifting. |
B.How to make use of unwanted gifts. |
C.What kind of gifts to be regifted. |
D.Why regifting can cause embarrassment. |
A.Suitable but valueless. |
B.Expensive and useful. |
C.Packaged and invaluable. |
D.Nice but unsuitable. |
That, right there, is the officially accepted response to any animal contact(接触) the world over. Animals are cute. They're there to be photographed, loved, and occasionally fed. But you know what? Not all animals are cute, or lovely, or even nice. Some of them are a real pain in the neck.
When you travel, you come into contact with all sorts of animals you’ve never heard of before. Some of them are amazing creatures that you'll talk about for the rest of your life. Some of them are just annoying. So, at the risk of causing anger among animal lovers around the world, here are some of the world's most annoying animals.
Vervet monkeys, South Africa
You'll immediately notice two things about Vervet monkeys: they have a bright blue bottom; and they'll steal any food that's not locked in a bank safe. I recently spent some time in South Africa, and watched as monkey after monkey dived in from the trees and stole everyone's food. Get your own food, Vervets! My sandwich was expensive!!
Kea parrots, New Zealand
I have never seen one of these birds before but from what I've been told they are more annoying than a spoilt kid. From biting the paint off your car doors to stealing people's passports, Keas are probably the most curious, and therefore annoying, animals in the world. And they're New Zealanders. That makes sense!
Kangaroos, Australia
Another well-known food-stealer, kangaroos are loved by tourists, eaten by Australians, and generally enjoy making trouble for others. Go on a camping trip anywhere in Australia, and watch how long your bags of food last. Turn your back for 15 minutes and the camp will look like thieves have turned the place upside down.
Grizzly bears, USA
They look pretty cute, grizzly bears. You almost want to go up and give them a hug. Unfortunately, it wouldn't end well. In fact, one of the world's most huggable creatures is also the one most likely to kill you just because it can. Oh, and it'll steal your picnic basket, too.
1. The author uses the underlined expression “pain in the neck” to suggest .
A.these animals may bite you on the neck |
B.these animals can cause people a lot of trouble |
C.people should be fearful of these animals |
D.these animals may cause some serious illness |
A.Vervet monkeys. | B.Grizzly Bears. |
C.Kangaroos. | D.Kea Parrots. |
A.When people see the cute animals they might take photographs of them. |
B.Sometimes people will feed the cute animals. |
C.Australians eat kangaroos. |
D.Spoilt kids are not annoying at all. |
Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.
The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration, but the environment is truly chaiming.
Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customer especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Easrern cooking.
A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics, wathcing news events on TV, drinking a black tea known as Persian chai, an reading local Persian nespapers all the while trying to finish off their plates piled wit food.
The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but the amount of each dish is fairly large. Most of the meals can serve two people and are under $10, so not only is it affordably but practical as well.
The food, especially appeals to health-conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy,made with limited fat and oil and served straight off the grill(烤肉架).
The main dish that the restaurant is popular for is its kabobs, which are different style of grilled meat.
One delicious and extremely healthy dish is the Jooieh Kabob, which is made of grille chicken pieces served with either rice or bread. Another great kabob is the Chelo Kabob, kabob consisting of grilled beef.
Although the restaurant is small, the atmosphere and the food is delicious. It is a plan that should not be overlooked.
1. When first entering the restaurant ,one can find that itA.is splendidly decorated. |
B.has pleasant smells of kabobs. |
C.is crowded with dining table. |
D.looks like a common restaurant. |
A.Watching news events on TV. |
B.Drinking a kind of black coffee. |
C.Reading local English newspaper. |
D.Discussing world topics in low voices. |
A.is served in small amounts. | B.is rather expensive. |
C.is rich in variety. | D.is very healthy |
A.Rice | B.Chicken | C.Bread | D.Beef |