Although the weather is very hot now, the carnival of ice and snow is getting closer. The preparation work for Beijing Winter Olympic Games, which are expected to begin on Feb 4, 2022, has entered its final stage. In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the Ice Ribbon, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small-time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make a big difference. “It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,” told Kenneth Golden, a US mathematician who studies the structures of ice. “It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.”
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal (六边形的) structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water is, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important. As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide (CO2) cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant (制冷剂) like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other man-made refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way,” told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Organizing Committee of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
1. What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?A.The water isn’t able to freeze completely. |
B.The quality of the ice will be affected. |
C.The ice surface will be more consistent. |
D.It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice. |
A.It’s the most advanced technologies for ice-making. |
B.CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants. |
C.CO2 is more environmentally-friendly than Freon. |
D.CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere. |
A.Unclear. | B.Opposed. | C.Doubtful. | D.Favourable. |
A.The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Is Coming. |
B.Beneath Olympic Ice. |
C.The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games. |
D.The Structure of Ice. |
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【推荐1】Scientists say they have used artificial intelligence (AI) to create music to represent the protein structure of the novel coronavirus.
Researchers used machine-learning methods to make the music, which may help them better understand the virus. The research team assigned musical notes to amino acids (氨基酸) that make up the so-called “spiked(刺突)” protein that infects human cells. Machine learning was then used to turn the protein and structural information into a nearly two-hour piece of classical music.
Markus Buehler of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) led the research team. Buehler told the Reuters news agency that turning the protein data into music let people gain a better understanding of something they cannot see. “You would need many different images, many different magnifications (放大) to see with your eyes, while your ears can pick up with just a couple of seconds of music,” he said.
The finished selection was uploaded to the music sharing website SoundCloud. Listeners of the early part of the piece described it with words such as “beautiful”, “interesting”, “calm” and “nature”. Buehler said this part of the music represents the ease at which the spiked protein enters the human cell, making the coronavirus highly infectious. He noted that the virus is very good at “tricking the cell to open the doors” to infect someone. As the virus then reproduces and the spiked protein attaches to more cells, the music becomes louder, faster and more intense. One SoundCloud user noted that this part could represent one of the first signs of the virus in humans, a high body temperature. Others described the more intense part of the music as “scary” and “sad”.
The researchers say a possible next step could be to use the musical method to design an antibody to attack the virus.
1. What does the underlined word “tricking” mean in paragraph 4?A.Cheating. | B.Forcing. | C.Stopping. | D.Helping. |
A.Happy. | B.Encouraged. | C.Disappointed. | D.Upset. |
A.Researchers composed the music on their own. |
B.Music may improve our understanding of the virus. |
C.Musical method has been applied to attack the virus. |
D.SoundCloud users had the same reaction to the whole music. |
【推荐2】Your glasses may some day replace your smartphone, and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city can’t wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.
“I’d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a. m. and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open,” said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.
The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600, the Times said, possibly including a variation of augmented reality, a technology already available on smartphones and tablets that overlays information onto the screen about one’s surroundings. So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.
“As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isn’t something anybody needs,” said Sam Biddle, who writes for Gizmodo.com. “We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things,” he added, “and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another device that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.” 9 to 5 Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphone-like glasses since last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.
“It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago,” Weintraub said. “A few people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was crazy. Same kind of thing. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and it’s unnatural,” he said. “There’s gonna be improvements to that, and this is a step there.”
1. Which is one of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses?A.Programing the opening hours of a bar. |
B.Supplying you with a picture of the future. |
C.Providing information about your surroundings. |
D.Updating the maps and GPS in your smartphones. |
A.necessary for teenagers | B.attractive to New Yorkers |
C.available to people worldwide | D.expensive for average consumers |
A.They may have a potential market. | B.They are as common as smartphones. |
C.They are popular among young adults. | D.They will be improved by a new technology. |
【推荐3】Most online fraud (诈骗) involves identity theft passwords help. But many can be guessed. Newer phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers often have strengthened security with fingerprint and facial recognition. But these can be imitated (模仿). That is why a new approach, behavioral biometrics (行为生物识别) is gaining ground.
It relies on the wealth of measurements made by today’s devices (设备). These include data from sensors that reveal how people hold their phones when using them, how they carry them and even the way they walk. Touchscreens, keyboards and mice can be monitored to show the distinctive ways in which someone’s fingers and hands move. These features can then be used to determine whether someone attempting to make a deal is likely to be the device’s habitual user.
“Behavioral biometrics make it possible to identify an individual’s unique motion fingerprint”, says John Whaley, head of Unifyid, a firm in Silicon Valley that is involved in the field. When coupled with information about a user’s finger pressure and speed on the touchscreen, as well as a device’s regular places of use—as revealed by its GPS unit—that user’s identity can be pretty well determined.
Used wisely, behavioral biometrics could be a great benefit. In fact, Unifyid and an unnamed car company are even developing a system that unlocks the doors of a vehicle once the pace of the driver, as measured by his phone, is recognized. Used unwisely, however, the system would become yet another electronic spy on people’s privacy, permitting complete strangers to monitor your every action, from the moment you reach for your phone in the morning, to when you throw it on the floor at night.
1. What is behavioral biometrics for?A.To identify network crime. | B.To ensure network security. |
C.To track online fraud. | D.To gather online data. |
A.By offering and analyzing the operating system of devices. |
B.By spotting and revealing a device’s regular places of use. |
C.By restricting and detecting the access to an account of users. |
D.By monitoring and comparing the ways users interact with devices. |
A.Objective. | B.Concerned. | C.Doubtful. | D.Favorable. |
A.Health and wealth. | B.Books and arts. |
C.Finance and economics. | D.Science and technology. |
【推荐1】Most people will recognize Bill Clinton, ex-president of the United States. Bill Clinton is a very popular speech giver and regularly gives talks all over the world, to many different audiences. He is so effective at giving talks because he has a special quality which we call “charisma (魅力)”.
Nowadays, psychologists (心理学家) are becoming very interested in charisma and want to describe its meaning in a better way. People often misunderstand what charisma is and think of it as a kind of fame, but it is not the same as fame. Charisma is a kind of magic and is relatively rare. A well-known American psychologist thinks that charismatic people are basically excellent communicators. However, they have other qualities such as self-confidence, eloquence (口才) and vision.
Charismatic personalities are able to draw people to them, and people feel happy in their company. There is a sense of “togetherness” when a charismatic person is with other people. A good example of this ability, some say, is the famous American, Oprah Winfrey. She is a highly-successful businesswoman and is probably best known as the presenter of a very popular talk show. Oprah is able to relate to audiences at her shows and they respond well to her. Her charismatic personality has made her one of the richest women in the world. She owns several houses and publishes her own magazines. Presently, she is presenting a new series of the Oprah Winfrey Show. She also runs a book club, which influences the nation’s reading habits and may be one of the reasons why people are reading more these days in the USA.
A woman who had extraordinary charisma was the film star, Marilyn Monroe. A beautiful woman and a talented (有天赋的) actress, she was always the centre of attention wherever she went.
Unlike fame, charisma doesn’t disappear over time. Even now, more than fifty years after her death, when young people see Monroe in her films, her charisma seems as fresh and powerful as ever.
1. Bill Clinton is good at giving talks because _____.A.he was once president of the USA | B.he has a quality called charisma |
C.he has many fans that support him | D.he is well-known all over the world |
A.can easily attract and interest people | B.are all effective speech makers |
C.are all confident and successful | D.often try to create a calm atmosphere |
A.She writes books to influence Americans’ reading habits. |
B.She often gives talks to American young people. |
C.She is most famous as a magazine publisher. |
D.She has a happy relationship with her audiences. |
A.Monroe is an extraordinarily talented actress |
B.charisma doesn’t become weaker over time |
C.fame is as important as charisma |
D.famous people always have charisma |
【推荐2】High School Course Requirements for College Admissions
While admissions standards vary greatly from one school to another, nearly all colleges and universities will be looking to see that applicants have completed a standard core (核心) curriculum. As you choose classes in high school, these core courses should always be the most important. Students without these classes may be automatically disqualified for admission. In general, a typical high school core curriculum looks something like this.
English: 4 years
Foreign Language: 2 to 3 years
Math: 3 years
Science: 2 to 3 years including lab science
Social Studies and History: 2 to 3 years
Art: 1 year
Keep in mind that the required courses for admission differ from the recommended courses. At selective colleges and universities, additional years of math, science and language will be necessary for you to be a competitive applicant.
When colleges calculate your Grade Point Average (GPA) for admissions purposes, they will often ignore the GPA on your transcript (成绩单) and focus only on your grades in these core subject areas. Grades for physical education, music performance and other non-core courses are not as useful for predicting your level of college readiness as these core courses. This doesn't mean that electives aren't important. Colleges do want to see that you have a large variety of interests and experiences, but they simply don't provide a good window into an applicant's ability to handle strict college courses.
Core course requirements vary from state to state, and many of the more selective colleges will want to see a strong high school academic record that goes well beyond the core. Advanced Placement, IB and Honors courses are a must to be competitive at the most selective colleges. In most cases, the strongest applicants to highly selective colleges will have four years of math (including calculus), four years of science and four years of a foreign language.
1. How many courses are included in a typical high school core curriculum?A.Three. | B.Six. | C.Eight. | D.Ten. |
A.Your intelligence level. | B.Your academic standard. |
C.Your talents and creativity. | D.Your interests and experiences. |
A.High school students | B.High school teachers |
C.College students | D.College teachers |
【推荐3】It seems clear that our working lives have a major influence on our mental health. We spend lots of time working hard, after all. A new study shows that if you’re feeling wretched as a result of your workplace, you’re certainly not alone.
People who work in unfriendly environments—identified by poor management practices, bullying and a failure to consider employees’ mental health—are three times more likely to suffer from depression (抑郁), says a research.
The year-long Australian population study discovered a link between working long hours and depression, and noted that men are more likely than women to become depressed if their workplace doesn’t care about their mental health.
Lead author Dr Amy Zadow said, “The study shows that companies that fail to reward or acknowledge (承认) their employees for hard work and press unreasonable demands on workers are placing their employees at a much greater risk of depression.”
The risks of these kinds of working environments go beyond the individual (个体). If employees are unhappy, mistreated or burnt out, they can’t focus on their tasks and will therefore be less productive. It’s clear that bosses need to care more about workers’ mental health—especially following the great stresses during the COVID-19 outbreak.
“Many of us dislike our work not because it is not proper work for us, but because of the politics we face every day in our work environment. If we can agree some shifts or if we could have a role in somehow changing the politics, we might feel happier,” says psychotherapist (精神治疗医师) Serge Behrens. “Depression affects over 260 million people worldwide and causes many people to take their own lives. Therefore, it is important that companies or organizations provide the employees with a homely and happy working atmosphere.”
1. What does the underlined word “wretched” in the first paragraph probably mean?A.Confused. | B.Nervous. |
C.Doubtful. | D.Uncomfortable. |
A.Failing to be rewarded for hard work. |
B.Doing a job in the management field. |
C.Working together with depressed men. |
D.Doing a demanding and challenging job. |
A.People should take up proper work. |
B.Employees’ work environment should be improved. |
C.Each employee should have a role to play in the workplace. |
D.More and more employees are enjoying a homely and happy working atmosphere. |
A.Workers. | B.Researchers. |
C.Employers. | D.Doctors. |
【推荐1】A Winter Olympics-themed Day was celebrated at Snug Harbor Cultural Center&Botanical Garden in New York on Saturday, bringing the 2022 Winter Olympics closer to American citizens. Organized by the Chinese Consulate General in New York, the event featured a photo exhibition and a lighting ceremony, impressing the audiences with the charm of the Beijing 2022, Winter Olympics and winter sports.
Key elements of the 2022 Games, including cute images of the Games’ official mascots(吉祥物)Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon, as well as many sports pictures, were on display and they could buy some if they like.
“The motto of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics is ‘Together for a Shared Future’. I believe that if we could play together, we could work together, "Chinese Consul General in New York Huang Ping said at the event. Huang also voiced his hope that athletes around the world could happily meet and compete at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, so as to further improve each others’ understanding and help to build a better world. The Olympic spirit of solidarity(团结), friendship and peace not only inspires the athletes to go beyond their physical limits, but also promotes each other’s understanding across cultures and build a friendly and peaceful world without any disagreements”, said the Chinese diplomat.
Martha Neighbors, the president and CEO at Snug Harbor Cultural Center &Botanica Garden, told Xinhua that the motto of the Games “Together for a Shared Future” is wonderful. “I think that’s absolutely something for not just individuals but communities and nations to desire,” she said, adding she wishes the Beijing Winter Olympics “a huge hit”. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics will take place from Feb, 4 to Feb, 20, followed by the Paralympic Winter Games between March 4 and March 13.
1. What can people do in the Winter Olympics themed Day?A.Know about the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. |
B.Visit the Chinese Consulate General in New York. |
C.Send something to the Chinese Consulate General. |
D.Rest at Snug Harbor Cultural Center Botanical Garden. |
A.Making a new better motto. |
B.Winning the competition. |
C.Creating a wonderful world. |
D.Paying attention to the athletes. |
A.Tickets to the Winter games. |
B.The mascots of the games. |
C.Sports clothes in the games. |
D.The lighting of the games. |
A.It will be only held for the individuals. |
B.It will become a very successful event. |
C.It will be replaced by the Paralympic Winter Games. |
D.It will include all the communities and nations. |
【推荐2】In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 , is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2, doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
1. What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?A.The water isn’t able to freeze completely. |
B.The quality of the ice will be affected. |
C.The ice surface will be more consistent. |
D.It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice. |
A.It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making. |
B.CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants. |
C.CO2 is more environmentally friendly than Freon. |
D.CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere. |
A.Unclear. | B.Opposed. | C.Doubtful. | D.Favorable. |
A.The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming |
B.Beneath Olympic Ice |
C.The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games |
D.The Structure of Ice |
【推荐3】The National Aquatics Center, also known as the Water Cube, was built to host aquatic 2008 Summer events for the Beijing Olympic Games. Since then, it has become a representative Olympics structure, known across the world. Now, the stadium will also host the curling (冰壶) events for the Beijing 2022 Winter Games. So how can we turn the Water Cube into the Ice Cube?
The main change is to turn the swimming pool into a four-lane curling rink (球场). According to Xinhua, the transformation will be completed by using a quick-removable system. Simply put, the water will be removed from the pool and then a convertible frame will be built and put inside. The frame is made up of 2,600 H-shaped steel poles and has a height of three meters and a length of two meters, China News Service reported. It is the first time in the Olympics that curling competitions will be held on a block of movable ice. The new Ice Cube will get a technological upgrade as well, with a system for monitoring the inner temperature, humidity (湿度), and lighting. Such venue transformation is an example of China’s mission to hold a “Green Games” by adopting sustainable high technology for its Olympics venues.
Another major technology applied can be seen at the National Speed Skating Oval (NSSO), known as the Ice Ribbon. It is the only newly-built ice sports venue for the Games. Traditionally, freon, which harms the ozone layer, was used in the ice-making process. But NSSO adopts an environmentally friendly technology, which uses carbon dioxide to make ice.
For Ice Ribbon with an ice surface area of 12,000 square meters, its effect in reducing carbon emissions is equal to planting over 1.2 million trees, People’s Daily reported.
“The new ice making technology can precisely control ice temperatures and will be helpful to ensure a standardized hardness of ice surfaces. It will also significantly save electricity during ice making.” Yu Hong, head of the technical department of the Organizing Committee for the Beijing 2022 Winter Games, told China Daily.
The new technology will also be used in other ice venues including Capital Indoor Stadium and Wukesong Sports Center.
1. Which has the closest meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 2?A.change | B.stage | C.subject | D.recognition |
A.The features of the Ice Cube. | B.The process of the transformation. |
C.The difficulty in the building of the Ice Cube. | D.The introduction of the game of curling. |
A.The Water Cube was originally built to hold the winter Olympics. |
B.They change the water in the Water Cube into ice. |
C.The committee has planted 1. 2 million trees. |
D.Beijing 2022 Winter Games is friendly to the environment. |
A.Organising Beijing 2022 Winter Games | B.The Water Cube |
C.Technologies in 2022 Winter Games | D.Breakthroughs in 2022 Winter Games |