【推荐2】Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage (遗产) is passed down through the generations. Yet, we fight a never-ending and very expensive war to preserve it for the future. And today, it is under attack as never before. Technology is often seen as something that destroys the past.    1     .

Creating copies via 2D images is extremely laborious and time-consuming. AI technologies are being used to do all the required sourcing, allowing lots of images to be cross-referenced and stored in hours.     2     . AI will also make the restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and is vastly superior to previous methods.

Airborne technology (机载技术) is being increasingly used in the fight to preserve our cultural heritage.     3    

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) has already been used to reveal over 60, 000 Mayan structures that were lying undiscovered in the jungles of Guatemala, without needing a single boot on the ground. Drones (无人机) are also being used to document and monitor huge areas and remove the need for all that costly manpower.

Human interaction with the most important sites and architecture is doing a great deal of harm. Virtual Reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years.    4     , VR technology will gradually become the way that people experience them. We’ll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch!) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.

    5    . Efforts in research, data sharing and project work will need to be pooled internationally. Using the technical expertise of specialist organizations will become ever more important to the sustainable promoting and preserving of the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.

A．It is being used to save and find it

B．Technology has shaped conflict in several ways

C．But it is now the most essential weapon in the battle

D．Our cultural heritage will be protected via technology

E．This will enable even better and more accurate copies to be created

F．As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded

G．When it measures distances by hitting a target and analyzing the reflected light

【推荐3】Whether paired with a bottle of nice red wine or a burger, cheese can be a delicious treat. But it is not perhaps, the ideal material to use in printing — unless you are a team of nutritional scientists. One group of researchers used 3D printing to create a cheese. And the cheese could provide a valuable insight for engineers who are still developing materials for 3D printing.

A team from the school of food and nutritional sciences at University College Cork (UCC) conducted a series of tests evaluating the 3D-printed cheese. 3D printing materials need to be fluid (液态) enough to flow but also capable of setting into a definite shape or structure.

After melting the cheese at 75°C (167°F) for 12 minutes, the UCC team then ran it through a modified commercial 3D printer. The machine, which usually prints with plastic, was fitted with a syringe (注射器) to allow it to print with the melted cheese.

The UCC team used several techniques to examine the effects of the 3D printing process on their cheese. They compared the 3D-printed results to processed cheese that had been melted and then cooled, as well as another sample that was left untouched. Cheese that was 3D printed was 45% to 49% softer than the processed cheese, the researchers said. They also discovered that 3D-printed cheese was a little darker in colour and more fluid when melted, though it melted at about the same temperature as processed cheese.

Dr Kelly and his colleagues are now testing other types of dairy products which can be 3D-printed. Dr Kelly said, “We are using mixtures of milk proteins at present to build a product, perhaps a high-protein snack, and designing recipes which might work best for a 3D printer. ”

1. What problems are the engineers facing in 3D printing a cheese?

A．They don't have proper material.

B．They can't find a bottle of nice red wine or a burger.

C．They can't make the cheese very delicious.

D．They know much less than nutritional scientists.

2. How did the researchers use the 3D printer to make cheese?

A．They raised the temperature to 75°C.

B．They added a syringe to the printer.

C．They bought some cheese to paint it.

D．They evaluated the 3D-printed cheese.

3. What is the advantage of the 3D-printed cheese?

A．It melts more easily.	B．It tastes more delicious.
C．It costs less money.	D．It is much softer.

4. What will Dr Kelly and his colleagues do next according to the last paragraph?

A．Publish a report on their research.

B．Invent a new 3D printer.

C．3D print more milk food.

D．Make more cheese with their machine.

【推荐1】C       What historical site impresses you most? I’ve always been fascinated by the pyramids in Egypt．A few years ago I braved a long queue and climbed through a narrow passage to reach the main chamber deep inside one of them．Like millions of other tourists, I marveled (赞叹) at stone-walled rooms full of the magic of this ancient civilization．
But popularity might be the destruction of such archaeological treasures．Take Tutankhamun’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings for example．It lay untouched for more than 3,000 years until the British archaeologist Howard Carter uncovered it in 1922．Now more than 1,000 people a day walk through it．
But as more and more people visit, the temperature and humidity inside the tomb change．As a result, the beautifully decorated plaster is coming away from the rock．
In order to preserve its heritage, a replica (复制品) of the monument is being opened about 1 kilometer away from the actual burial site．Specialists have recorded every detail of Tutankhamun’s tomb and used the data to recreate it．
Adam Lowe from the organization behind the project says the copy is identical to the original．He believes visitors will want to become part of the force that protects it rather than a force that is leading to its destruction．So they won’t mind seeing a replica．
But for historian Tom Holland, a copy is still a copy．He believes that although preservation is important, there is something unique about places like Tutankhamun’s tomb．He says it was built by people who believed in the world of the spirits, the dead and the supernatural．You don’t have to believe in a god or gods to feel a place is consecrated (使圣化) and has a particular quality that can’t be reproduced．
What about you? Would you visit a replica of a monument rather than the original to help preserve it?
1. What may account for the destruction of some archaeological treasures like Tutankhamun’s tomb?

A．Climate change．

B．Copies．

C．Popularity．

D．Thieves．

2. What measures have been taken to preserve the heritage of Tutankhamun’s tomb?

A．Decorating the monument again．

B．Building a replica of the monument．

C．Limiting the number of visitors．

D．Moving the tomb away from the actual site．

3. The underlined word “identical” is closest in meaning to ________．

A．superior

B．Sensitive

C．Exposed

D．similar

4. Historian Tom Holland may hold the opinion that ________．

A．some unique ancient places can’t simply be replaced by replicas

B．visitors are advised to see replicas because preservation is first

C．ancient civilizations are consecrated and can’t be redecorated

D．visitors to ancient civilizations must believe in a god or gods

【推荐2】Have you ever had the urge to open a book and stick your nose straight into the pages? The smell of old books can refresh any book lovers. We don’t know why, but it is just pleasant to us.

Describing the smell can be a challenge. And mere adjectives will likely be of little use to future generations of historians trying to document, understand or reproduce the scent of slowly decaying books. Now, that task may have just gotten easier thanks to the Historic Book Odor Wheel.

In one experiment, researchers asked visitors at the historic library to characterize the scents they smelled. All the visitors selected words like “woody”, “smoky” and “earthy” from the list, and described the smell’s intensity and perceived pleasantness. In another experiment, the study authors presented visitors to the Birmingham Museum with eight smells — one of which was an unlabeled historic book scent and seven were non-bookish, such as coffee, chocolate, fish market and dirty clothes. The researchers then had those museum goers describe the historic book smell.

The top two responses? Chocolate and coffee. “You tend to use familiar associations to describe smells when they are unlabeled,” study author Cecilia Bembibre says.

The team even analyzed the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (挥发性有机化合物) in the book and the library. Using the data from the chemical analysis and visitors’ smell descriptions, the researchers created the Historic Book Odor Wheel to document the “historic library smell”. Main categories, such as “sweet/spicy”, fill the inner circle of the wheel; descriptors, such as “chocolate/cream”, fill the middle; and the chemical compounds likely to be the smelly source, like furfural, fill the outer circle. The researchers want the book odor wheel to be a tool that “untrained noses” can use to identify smells and the compounds causing them, which could address conservators’ concerns about material composition and historic paper conservation. And hopefully, smells of the past can be reproduced in the lab someday and museums and historians can use it to reconstruct a past we can no longer smell.

1. What is mainly talked about in the first paragraph?

A．An strange reading habit.	B．Fascination for smells of books.
C．Addiction to reading books.	D．A dislike for smelling books.

2. How do people usually describe unlabeled smells?

A．By referring to familiar items.	B．By using adjectives to label them.
C．By analysing chemical compounds.	D．By connecting them with food smells.

3. Which is NOT the purpose of using the “Historic Book Odor Wheel”?

A．To record historic library smells.	B．To identify smells and compounds.
C．To remove the conservators’ worries.	D．To put different scents into different libraries.

4. What might the study be used for in the future?

A．Creating a whole new scent.	B．Improving the people’s sense of smell.
C．Restoring smells of historic documents.	D．Extracting components of “old book smell”.

【推荐3】The traditional British pub is part of the scenery of British life. At a recent count, there are around 50000 of them in the UK, some of which date back to as far as the 5^th and 6^th centuries. The oldest---Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St. Albans---was established in 795.

Because of their abundance, the names pubs take were designed to be memorable---but more than that, they were designed to be visual. Outside any traditional pub worthy of its title, you’ll find a hanging signboard with a unique illustration(插图)that represents the name of the business. The practice is so well established that even new pubs copy it. But why do they exist at all?

The first British pub signs were created in the 12^th century and were simple representations of beer containers and other brewing-related equipment used to inform passersby that establishments sold beer. This was Britain in the dark ages, when education was in short supply. Since most of the population were unable to read, pub signs were used to inform would-be customers that they could find a drink inside.

The earliest uses of pub names would reference the sign directly. People would arrange to meet “at the sign of the Eagle and Child” rather than “at the Eagle and Child.”

Today the tradition remains unchanged largely out of respect for the past, but many pub signs do have some functionality. Remote country pubs often use signboards to point the way to their doors from more trafficked(可贩卖的)paths. It’s a part of British culture that’s rapidly disappearing---more than 20,000 pubs have closed since 1980—but for now there are still more than enough around that you can take a moment to appreciate the history and symbolism behind a pub’s sign the next time you see one.

1. What is special about British pub signs?

A．They copy famous art	B．They show British life
C．They have unique pictures	D．They include the history of the pub

2. The first British pub signs were mainly used to ____.

A．inspire passersby	B．inform passersby
C．educate passersby	D．entertain passersby

3. Modern British pub signs are different from the earliest ones in ___________.

A．size	B．style
C．material	D．purpose

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The history of British pubs

B．The importance of British pub signs

C．Why British pubs have illustrated signs

D．Why British pubs are unpopular nowadays

【推荐1】Scholars and researchers have tried to discover what personality characteristics go along with success in intercultural experiences. Their findings have often been unclear or incomplete. But three characteristics stand out in their reports: patience, a sense of humour, and the awareness of being unclear.

Patience, of course, is the ability to keep calm even when things do not go as one wants them to, or hopes they will, or has been sure they will. Impatience sometimes brings improvements in relations with other people, but usually it does not.

A person with a sense of humour is less likely to take things too seriously and more ready to see the humour in her own reactions. The value of a sense of humour really needs to be paid more attention to.

“The awareness of being unclear” is a more difficult concept than patience or a sense of humour. Foreigners often find themselves in situations that are unclear to the newcomers. That is, they do not know what is happening in the situation. Perhaps they do not understand the local language well enough, or they do not know how some system or organisation works, or they can’t be sure of different people’s roles in what is going on. “It’s like I just got here from the moon,” a Chinese graduate student who newly arrived in the United States said. “Things are just so different here.”

1. The passage mainly tells us _________.

A．that it’s not easy to travel abroad

B．that humour is very important in communication

C．three characteristics in dealing with foreigners successfully

D．three main ways useful for communicating with foreigners

2. According to the passage, what characteristic should be most focused on?

A．Patience.

B．The awareness of being unclear.

C．The sense of humour.

D．Understanding each other.

3. “The awareness of being unclear” refers to   _________.

A．knowing the meaning of an exact situation

B．not stating clearly what happens

C．the ability to keep calm

D．being aware of the unclear situation

【推荐3】D
Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.
David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, take away signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active             at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song             output, there might be some costs of energy."
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep."
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter             areas.
1. According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much?

A．The breeding season.

B．The light in modern life

C．The dangerous environment.

D．The noise from heavy machinery.

2. What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?

A．The environment might be polluted.

B．The birds' health might be damaged.

C．The industry cost might be increased.

D．The people's hearing might be affected.

3. What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?

A．Active at night.	B．Inactive at night.
C．Active during the day.	D．Inactive during the day.

4. Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?

A．Because there are fewer dangers.

B．Because there is more food to eat.

C．Because there is less light pollution

D．Because there are more places to take shelter.