Florence Nightingale was born in a rich family.When she was young, she took lessons in music and drawing,and read great books.She also travelled a great deal with her mother and father.
As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure.She enjoyed helping them.
At last, her mind was made up.“I'm going to be a nurse,” she decided.
“Nursing isn't the right work for a lady,” her father told her.
“Then I will make it so,” she smiled.And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France.When she returned to England, Florence started a nursing home for women.
During the Crimean War in 1854, she went with a group of thirty eight nurses to the front hospital.What they saw there was terrible.Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen and smelled.The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital,either. But the brave nurses went to work.
Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes,beds,medicines and food for the men.Her only pay was the smiles from the lips of dying soldiers.But they were more than enough for this kind woman.
After war,she returned to England and was honoured for her service by Queen Victoria. But Florence said that her work had just begun.She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London.She also wrote a book on public health,which was printed in several countries.
Florence Nightingale passed away at the age of ninety,still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse.Indeed,it is because of her that we honour nurses today.
1. During the Crimean War in 1854，Florence served in the front hospital where _________．| A．she earned a lot of money |
| B．work was very difficult |
| C．few soldiers died because of her work |
| D．she didn't have enough food and clothes |
| A．Because she built the Nightingale Home for Nurses. |
| B．Because of her old age. |
| C．Because she worked as a nurse all her life. |
| D．Because she did a great deal of work during the Crimean War. |
| A．the life story of a famous woman |
| B．a description of the nursing work |
| C．an example of successful education |
| D．the history of nursing in England |
| A．wrote a book on public health |
| B．knew what her duty in life was |
| C．loved to help the sick people |
| D．was most interested in music and drawing |
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【推荐1】When Darrell Langworthy was growing up, Thanksgiving meant 30 neighbors sharing a potluck meal in the family driveway.
“My parents worked at a golf course. They’d invite all the workers to Thanksgiving dinner. They would never turn anybody away,” he says. “If there was a kid in the neighborhood who needed dinner, he got it.” It has become an essential part of their family life. Today, Langworthy carries on the tradition at his restaurant in Colchester, Vermont, where a combination of barbecue and community service has made Mark BBQ a hot spot.
Colchester is a small town on the shores of Lake Champlain, just north of Burlington. Locals know Mark BBQ for its brisket burgers, pulled-pork sandwiches and Tex-Mex meatloaf.
For many, Mark BBQ is also a stop on the road to recovery. Enter: Recovery Kitchen, a programme that brings former addicts into the kitchen to build service industry skills. The effort was inspired by manager Casey DeGuise, who arrived with a troubled history and even more determination.
“He had been turned down for 35 jobs,” Langworthy says. “We said ‘Let’s take a chance,’ and he’s never let me down.”
Langworthy knows that a little help can go a long way. “I had a time when I was definitely drinking too much,” he recalls. Now, he offers to others the support he once needed. He keeps a cooler by Mark BBQ’s front door with free food for anyone who wants it. But his favorite pastime is still watching full plates turn to dirty dishes.
“If we can pay the bills and staff, we’re happy,” says Langworthy. “If we can help the community, we’re happier.” So far, Darrell Langworthy has handed out more than 170,000 free meals.
1. What’s the tradition of the Langworthy family?| A．To invite people in his community to Thanksgiving dinner. |
| B．To work at a golf course like his parents. |
| C．To start a programme called Enter: Recovery Kitchen. |
| D．To have a family reunion on Thanksgiving Day. |
| A．It serves tasty and countless food. | B．It offers job chances for people. |
| C．It combines BBQ and community service. | D．It lies on the shores of Lake Champlain. |
| A．Adventurous and responsible | B．Generous and empathetic |
| C．Cooperative and productive | D．Ambitious and demanding |
| A．Action speaks louder than words. | B．Many hands make light work. |
| C．Loving is a thing that grows. | D．Devotion makes the world a better place. |
【推荐2】Where others use sight, I use my sense of smell. When I was six, I embarrassed a boy in class by telling the teacher he’d wet himself. He sat far behind me but I smelled it, intensely. He was so upset that my grandmother was called into school. When we got home, she warned, “Never use your sense of smell for that again.” She explained that I, like her, had hereditary hyperosmia, meaning I’m a super smeller.
My husband Les and I both pursued medical careers. One day, I was struck by the smell of a patient. I later learned that she had diabetes and what I smelled was raised ketones, a chemical produced by the liver. I knew doctors wouldn’t accept my diagnosis, so I stayed quiet.
In 1982, before Les’s 32nd birthday, I smelled something strange on him. I thought it might be the air of the place he worked in. Twelve years later, in 1994, he was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. It wasn’t until the last months of his life, more than 20 years later, that we discovered I could detect the disease in others, too.
We felt a responsibility to do something. We attended a lecture by Prof. Kunath, a neurobiologist. I asked, “Why is the smell of Parkinson’s not being used for early diagnosis?” He didn’t answer and we left, disappointed. But four months later, he called our home. He had found me after relaying my question to a colleague, who told him, “You must find her.” We began to work as a team to prove my theory.
When Les died in 2015, he made me promise I’d carry on the research. I spent time in labs, smelling sufferers’ skin oil on swabs (棉签). I could detect whether the person had Parkinson’s with 95% accuracy. This year, our research team published a breakthrough: a three-minute test that can detect the disease by running a swab along someone’s neck skin.
I’ve become known and delivered many lectures. I’m working on detecting cancers and tuberculosis. I never imagined, at 72, this would be my life’s work. I constantly think about how I lost my Les, but also how I finally fulfilled my promise.
1. What did the author do when she smelled something strange on her husband?
| A．She took the smell lightly. | B．She drove him to hospital. |
| C．She warned him of a disease. | D．She made him shower more. |
| A．To promote her to a higher position. |
| B．To make an apology to her. |
| C．To invite her for a specific research project. |
| D．To discuss her husband’s disease. |
| A．By giving a blood examination. |
| B．By conducting a short and easy skin test. |
| C．By taking a nose swab. |
| D．By arranging for a doctor to have a brief talk. |
| A．My Painful Memory: The Loss of Les |
| B．My Super Power: Smelling Illness in People |
| C．A Great Discovery in Detecting Cancer |
| D．An Unforgettable Childhood Experience |
【推荐3】I have forgotten the name of the old lady, who was a customer on my newspaper route when I was a twelve-year-old boy back in 1954. Yet it seems like just yesterday that she taught me a lesson in forgiveness that I can only hope to pass on to someone else some day.
On a Saturday afternoon, a friend and I were throwing stones onto the roof of the old lady’s house. I found a smooth rock and sent it. The stone headed straight for a small window on the old lady’s back door. At the sound of broken glass, we took off from the old lady’s yard.
I was too scared about getting caught that first night. However, a few days later when I was sure that I hadn’t been discovered, I started to feel guilty for her misfortune.
She still greeted me with a smile each day when I gave her the newspaper, but I was no longer able to act comfortably when seeing her.
I decided to save my paper delivery money, and in three weeks I had the seven dollars that I thought would cover the cost of her window. I put the money in an envelope with a note saying that I was sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the seven dollars would cover the cost of repairing it.
The next day, I handed the old lady her paper. She thanked me for the paper and gave me a bag of biscuits she had made herself. I thanked her and ate the biscuits as I continued my route.
After several biscuits, I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the bag. When I opened the envelope, I was shocked. Inside were the seven dollars and a short note that said, “I’m proud of you.”
1. What work did the author do at the age of 12?| A．Collecting old papers. |
| B．Delivering newspapers. |
| C．Picking rocks. |
| D．Repairing roofs. |
| A．They broke the old lady’s back door. |
| B．They heard the old lady shouting. |
| C．They broke the old lady’s window. |
| D．They were seen by the old lady. |
| A．He saved some money to cover the cost. |
| B．He gave the old lady papers for free. |
| C．He apologized in the old lady’s presence. |
| D．He bought cookies for the old lady. |
| A．strict | B．patient | C．mean | D．generous |
【推荐1】Teachers are some of the world’s most underappreciated heroes. Not only are they themselves heroes, but they attempt to bring out the inner heroes of future generations. Raj, a film professor at New Mexico State University is a perfect example.
Raj was born in Sri Lanka, an island off the coast of India. From a nearly age, he suffered from a variety of medical conditions. Growing political tensions in Sri Lanka forced him and his family to relocate to the United States.
Raj was thrown into a world where he was different. He looked different, spoke a different language, and hardest of all, still dealt with serious medical conditions. However, his open-mindedness and sense of humor eventually won him the respect of his classmates. On making friends, Raj tells us, “I think that so many issues in the world come from the fact that we are isolated within groups, yet we have so much in common. Instead of focusing on what’s different, let’s find our commonalities, and we’ll find ways to connect with each other.”
Even as a child, Raj did not allow his diseases to consume him, and he continued to be perfect academically. Raj has continued to receive spinal(脊柱) surgeries that force him to re-learn how to walk and drive. His natural interest in creativity led him to UCLA’s world-class fine-arts program. Aside from being a film professor, he is a successful filmmaker.
It is this positivity that gets Raj to where he is today. “I think that even the smallest positive impact that we can have on other people’s lives can make us heroes,” he tells us. “It may be very small for us, but that small thing could be huge for the person you do it for.”
1. Why did Raj and his family move to America when he was young?| A．To live his American dream. | B．To escape political tensions. |
| C．To receive a better education. | D．To improve medical conditions. |
| A．Secure. | B．Tolerant. | C．Disconnected. | D．Inseparable. |
| A．Positive and strong-willed. | B．Creative and sensitive. |
| C．Generous and open-minded. | D．Productive and defensive. |
| A．What makes teachers popular? | B．What makes Raj an everyday hero? |
| C．What makes teachers admirable? | D．What makes Raja humorous professor? |
【推荐2】You may read the questions first.
Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains
The book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it.
| Name: Sitting Bull Birth: 1831 Death: 12-15-1890 He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a 1997 documentary (纪录片) — The Great Tribes, he was known as a holy man, a composer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Sioux and Cheyenne Nations unified. He was advised to go on a European tour in 1887, but he turned it down to defend these two nations from being separated again. He led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies and was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation. |  |
| Name: Crazy Horse Birth: 1842 Death: 9-5-1877 Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior(勇士) and a gentle leader as well as a brave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux, celebrated for his battle skills as well as his efforts to preserve Native American traditions and way of life. Resisting efforts to force the Sioux on to reservations, he fought alongside Sitting Bull and others in the American-Indian Wars. Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deeds and not of words”. |  |
| Name: Red Cloud Birth: 1822 Death: 12-10-1909 He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills. In 1868, he refused to sign a treaty (条约), which stated that the Black Hills didn’t belong to people. The treaty also stated that these areas couldn’t be entered without the government’s permission. According to Eastman’s book Indian Heroes, he was said to have fought against the treaty, forcing the government to give in and pull out of the area. |  |
| Name: Lozen Quanah Birth: late 1840s Death: 1890 Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”. |  |
| A．He was friendly to his soldier. | B．He showed great courage. |
| C．He was a great talker. | D．He was respected. |
| A．Sitting Bull disliked traveling |
| B．Indian Heroes was a book on Indian history |
| C．in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrows |
| D．in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses |
| A．show Indians’ lives to readers |
| B．describe great Indian heroes and heroines |
| C．show the history of the Indians |
| D．comment on a history book |
【推荐3】It was a harvest year for women activists. Here are four inspiring women of the year.
Josephine Majani
In August 2013, Josephine Majani came to a hard hallway floor in the Bungoma District Hospital. She heard nurses yelling. She was helpless. Majani has no memory of being slapped, but when she regained consciousness, her cheeks stung (感觉痛). Her experience was captured on video. In February of this year, the court issued a landmark ruling awarding Majani $25,000, requiring that hospital staff formally apologize to her and demanded women be given quality care and treated with dignity during childbirth.
Man Kaur
Man Kaur is 101, but her routine could tire most 20s. Every day she wakes up at 4 a.m., bathes, washes clothes, makes tea and recites prayers until about 7 a.m. And then she goes to the track for an hour of sprinting practice. And she’s not just doing it for fun. Kaur is a world record holder in her age group. Now you may be thinking: “Is she really 101?”
Nadia Murad
In August 2014, Nadia Murad was one of the women who were captured by ISIS. Three months later, she escaped. She has shared her painful story with international media outlets to show the world what happened to Yazidis. She has become a voice for captive women and girls in the process. In 2018, she became the co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Maria Garcia Ramos
Maria Garcia Ramos, 32, a disability activist, from Mexico, has been using a wheelchair since she was 14 due to an illness. She advocates for policy that advance rights for women with disabilities. She shares the biggest misunderstanding of people with disabilities: “People instantly think that a person with disabilities is broken or missing something.”
1. How was Josephine Majani’s experience at the Bungoma District Hospital?| A．Terrible. | B．Boring. | C．Exciting. | D．Wonderful. |
| A．Josephine Majani. | B．Man Kaur. |
| C．Nadia Murad. | D．Mara Garcia Ramos. |
| A．To educate. | B．To introduce. | C．To advertise. | D．To advise. |
