Sacrificing Sleep to Get Top Grades Doesn't Work
Sacrificing sleep and skipping meals to study in looking for academic excellence actually doesn't work, a new Harvard study has revealed recently.
Children who study hard are also likely to look after themselves, and cultivate healthy emotional regulation skills, rather than behaving in ways that are bad for their health.
Dr Christina Hinton, a research member at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said, "
| A．Children struggling for excellence tend to make extra sacrifices |
| B．Children making sleep sacrifices can lead to excellence |
| C．The findings showed that children who work hard are also likely to develop health |
| D．Highachieving students have more potential than those lowachieving students |
| E．Having a growth attitude appears to have more impacts on the others around them |
| F．A survey found very young children smoke cigarettes and use energy drinks to prepare for their exams |
| G．Getting top grades does not require pushing yourself at all costs |
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【推荐1】A new study shows that underwater seagrass may be trapping millions of pieces of tiny marine plastic in natural balls of fiber in what is known as Neptune balls. Huge masses of seagrass make up most of the coastal waters around the world and when there are storms these balls are washed to the shores.
There are 70 different species of seagrass around the globe, which provide important ecosystem benefits including improving water quality, absorbing CO2, reducing climate change, as well as providing a habitat for many species. Now ocean pollution cleanup can be added to the list.
The fact that these grasses contained plastic particles was discovered by Anna Sanchez-Vidal, leading author and a marine biologist at the University of Barcelona in Spain and her team who have been measuring the amount of plastic that was collected from seagrass from four beaches in Mallorca, Spain between 2018 and 2019.
The researchers studied just one species, Posidonia Oceanica, and found plastic debris(碎片) in half of the 42 Neptune balls they examined and it amounted to 613 microplastic items per kilogram of leaves. They estimated that up to 867 million plastic items may be trapped in the seagrass in the Mediterranean Sea every year, according to the research that was published in the January 2021 issue of the journal Scientific Reports.
“It shows that plastic debris in the seafloor can be trapped in seagrass remains, eventually leaving the marine environment through beaching,” Sanchez-Vidal, told the Agence France-Presse. This plastic cleanup, “represents a continuous cleaning of plastic debris out of the sea,” she said.
Around 8 million tons of plastic pollution end up in the world’s oceans yearly and make up 80 percent of all marine debris. Plastic pollution is threatening food safety, health, tourism, and contributes to climate change.
“This is why we need to protect and preserve these vulnerable ecosystems. However, the best environmental protection strategy to keep oceans free of plastic is to reduce landfills, an action that requires to limit its use by the population,” the researchers concluded in the study.
1. What do we know from the second paragraph?| A．Underwater seagrass is planted to clean up seawater. |
| B．Underwater seagrass has contributed to climate change. |
| C．Underwater seagrass benefits ecosystem in different ways. |
| D．Underwater seagrass has been used to fight against pollution. |
| A．By collecting the data of plastic debris found on the beach. |
| B．By analyzing the amount of plastic contained in the seagrass. |
| C．By showing the distribution of Posidonia Oceanica in the ocean. |
| D．By counting the number of Neptune balls in the Mediterranean Sea. |
| A．To call readers’ attention to the environment. |
| B．To prove a lot of research has been done. |
| C．To stress the worsening situation of seagrass. |
| D．To show how serious plastic pollution is getting. |
| A．Reducing the use of plastic products. |
| B．Recycling as much plastic as possible. |
| C．Burying the plastic debris in the earth. |
| D．Developing environmentally friendly materials. |
【推荐2】Many of us are disgusted at spiders or afraid of them. We don't like to touch them or go near them, and if we see one in our house, we'd better watch out. But do you know that a spider's natural color may inspire a new shade of blue textiles and offer a solution to the glare on the screen of your phone when you're out in the sun?
This color is a shade of blue, inspired by the cobalt blue tarantula (钴蓝狼蛛) — a species of spider that is native to the rainforests of southeast Asia. What surprised scientists who observed the eight-legged furry spider was that its color did not change at all even when viewed from different angles.
A team of scientists, led by Bill Hsiung from the University of Akron in Ohio, have been studying tarantulas for some time. Blue is a rare color in the animal kingdom, so the researchers set out to find the exact nature of this blue. They found that the outer body of the tarantula is covered with tiny crystalline (晶体的) structures. These tiny structures act like a mirror and when light strikes them, they reflect only one particular wavelength of light - blue. This kind of natural color is referred to as the “structural color”.
Usually, when colors are viewed from different angles, they appear different because of how light is reflected. This is because of a phenomenon known as iridescence (彩虹色). However, the blue color produced by tarantulas appears the same from all angles. Scientists find that it is the tiny crystal structures on the tarantula’s body arranged in a flower-like shape that reduce iridescence.
Scientists have known about structural colors for a while, but they have not seen them used for dye. With a clearer understanding of how “structural colors” work, scientists can now create a pigment (色素) similar to the tarantula blue to dye textiles and other products. Watch out for the tarantula blue-a color that may soon take the fashion industry by storm!
1. What is special about the cobalt blue tarantula?| A．Its body color is unchangeably blue. |
| B．Its legs look crystal clear in the sun. |
| C．Its smell is naturally disgusting. |
| D．Its fur can be made into textiles. |
| A．To introduce the tarantula's body structures. |
| B．To show the phenomenon of color iridescence. |
| C．To explain the principle of the structural color. |
| D．To discuss the importance of reflection angles to colors. |
| A．A color inspired by a spider |
| B．The development of blue textiles |
| C．A spider with structural colors discovered |
| D．The cobalt blue tarantula-a rare species |
【推荐3】You have to praise the smoothness（顺畅） of ants on the move. No matter how many of them are going toward a place, there's never a hold-up. A new research paper shows how ants keep traffic flowing by changing their behavior to meet changing conditions.
For their experiments, researchers from the University of Toulouse focused on Argentine ants, animals that often move from colony（群落） to colony depending on where the food is. Making use of Argentine ants' talent for fast travel, the researchers built bridges connecting their colonies. The bridges were different in width from a fifth to three-quarters of an inch. The colonies, too, were of different sizes, ranging from 400 to more than 25,000 ants.
Then the researchers sat back and monitored the traffic. To their surprise, even when those narrower bridges were full of ants, there were no "traffic accidents". "When the number of ants on the bridge increased, ants seemed to be able to understand the situation and adjusted（调整） their speed accordingly to avoid making the traffic flow stop. "the authors note. "Moreover, ants avoided entering a busy road and made sure that the bridge was never too packed to cross.”
The lesson for humans? The traffic problem may lie in our inability to adjust our driving habits for the good of the whole. Driving is fun when there are few cars on the road. Then the traffic moves very slowly. And yet, some impatient driver still acts like he's alone on the road.
The research suggests that projects, like the ever-widening of highways, may never free us from traffic jams. As long as we drive along with our own habits, no matter how many other people are on the road, we'll always end up in a traffic jam. Indeed, less space may actually be a good thing. It leaves less room for individual choice and forces us to take a page from the driving book of ants.
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?| A．The results of the experiments. | B．The purpose of the experiments |
| C．The preparation of the experiments. | D．The requirements of the experiments |
| A．watch and check. | B．seek and improve |
| C．design and plan | D．discuss and practise |
| A．Is widening highways a solution? |
| B．Why don't ants need traffic lights? |
| C．Can we learn safe driving from ants? |
| D．What can ants teach us about traffic jams? |
