For as long as human have lived on the earth, they have made use of all kinds of different ways of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of spoken language. When there is a spoken language problem, communication can be carried out through sign language, in which gestures stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists and people unable to hear or speak have often had to turn to this form of expression. When gestures describe words or ideas, they can be used internationally. When used for spelling words however, where each gesture stands for a single letter, people must share the same written language.
Body language sends ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either meaningfully or not. A wink(眨眼) can be a way of showing that the person is only joking. A nod means agreement, while shaking the head means disagreement.
Other forms of language can be found in Braille (a reading system of raised dots read with the fingertips used by the blind), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide and warn people. While language is the most common form of communication, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.
1. Which of the following ways can NOT be used as a form of communication?| A．Gestures. | B．Road maps. | C．Smoke signals. | D．Thoughts and feelings. |
| A．give a “V” gesture with your fingers | B．give a wink |
| C．shake your head | D．give a nod |
| A．tourists | B．soldiers | C．people unable to see | D．people unable to hear |
| A．language is being less used today |
| B．not everyone can read picture signs |
| C．the forms of communication are developing |
| D．techniques will take the place of language |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Do you intend to study at an American university? It takes a long time to get accepted at most American schools, perhaps as much as a year. That’s why you should start choosing a school as soon as possible. It’s a good idea to apply to several different institutions, so that you’ll have a better chance of acceptance at one. You should start looking for information now, because the more information you have about each college, the better choice you can make.
There are two good ways to get information you need. One is a general reference (参考) book, called Guide to American Colleges and Universities. The other good source of information is the catalogue (目录) published by each school.
You can study the general guide in almost any American library. This book has many useful statistics, such as the number of students, the average test scores for people accepted to the school, the number of books in the library, and the number of teachers. You can also find the address of each school in this book.
Although the general guidebook has helpful information, some of the facts may be out-of-date. For example, many schools raise their tuition every year. Since you’ll need to know what your education will cost, out-of-date information will not be good enough. Also, schools sometimes change their requirements for entrance. To be sure that you are getting present information, write to the university and ask for its catalogue. The catalogue not has more detailed information. For example, the catalogue can tell you if there is a special foreign student advisor, what kind of courses are offered, and what kind of housing is available. Some universities have dormitories, but at others you have to find your own place to live.
With all of this information, you should be able to pick out several good schools.
1. You should decide which university to go as soon as possible because you ______.| A．need a year to make your decision |
| B．need enough time to get accepted |
| C．need to apply to a few universities |
| D．need to read a lot of information |
| A．From a reference book. |
| B．From any library in the world. |
| C．From a textbook of the school. |
| D．From the lists of schools. |
| A．The cost of living abroad. |
| B．The list of library books. |
| C．Students’ activities at school. |
| D．The address of a school. |
| A．By reading guidebooks. |
| B．By visiting its website. |
| C．By writing to the school. |
| D．By asking a student advisor. |
| A．An English teacher in Japan. |
| B．A high school student in China. |
| C．A university student in America. |
| D．A school headmaster in Britain. |
【推荐2】When did you have a really deep conversation where you felt truly heard? These types of connections are essential for people but they are not always easy to find. That’s why one woman decided to take listening to the streets. Her name is Traci Ruble, a psychotherapist (精神治疗医师) who is concerned that people today are experiencing loneliness and lack personal connections. She understands that with busy lives and demanding jobs, people are unable to make these connections.
On a spring day in 2015, Ruble and a handful of volunteers set up chairs on sidewalks in 12 locations around San Francisco and invited people passing by to sit for a few minutes and chat. This was the beginning of the nonprofit Sidewalk Talk. The mission is to create public spaces of connections where the people are. Today, the organization has more than 4,000 volunteers in 40 cities. These volunteers come from a variety of backgrounds and receive training from the organization.
Sidewalk Talk gives people a chance to speak and be listened to but it is not therapy. “Volunteers are not interacting as a therapist out there. They’re not there to solve someone’s problems. They’re there to practice being human.” Ruble said. “Therapy is only one-sided and therapists are taught to avoid self-disclosure. However by being human, volunteers can approach interactions about their own life and show sympathy with the people they’re talking with.”
Today, the increasing number of people experience loneliness, especially due to the COVID-19 lockdowns. In fact, 31 percent of all Americans feel serious loneliness including 61 percent of young adults. To deal with that, restoring community relationships is vitally important. While Sidewalk Talk will not solve the loneliness crisis, these chats could help someone have a brighter day. Knowing that there are sympathetic people who are willing to fully listen and share your feelings, could make all the difference to a lonely person.
1. What is the purpose of Sidewalk Talk?| A．To provide training for those volunteers. |
| B．To guide the passers-by how to communicate. |
| C．To offer public chances for personal conversations. |
| D．To help people relieve their pressure from their work. |
| A．They provide professional therapy to others. |
| B．They are devoted to interactions with others. |
| C．They make efforts to sympathize others in need. |
| D．They are good at showing their successes to others. |
| A．It offers a solution to the loneliness crisis. |
| B．It plays a role in restoring people’s feelings. |
| C．It starts a further understanding of each other. |
| D．It leads to a restoration of community relationships. |
| A．Taking Listening to the Street | B．Guiding Others to Lead an Active Life |
| C．Setting up Chairs on Sidewalks | D．Volunteering to Help Others Talk |
【推荐3】Three-dimensional printing, a technology that creates objects layer by layer, has revolutionized (变革) the way we make things. Recently, a group of Chinese scientists took things a step further by using this technology to create realistic replicas (复制品) of human organs.
Previously, it was challenging to create a single material that could print different human organs due to their complexity. The research team from Chinese Academy of Sciences started by using hydrogel (水凝), a soft gel-like material as the main ingredient.
Human organs have various textures (质地), with our brains being the softest. To replicate the hardness of materials like bone, the researchers added metallic elements to the hydrogel and adjusted their ratio (比例) to create the texture of each organ. Besides, to make sure the printing results are correct, the team used light-curing (光固化) technology in the 3D printing process. A special lamp was placed under the printing machine, causing the gel to become solid right after it was printed.
According to the team’s paper published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, they are able to produce organ models including the brain, lungs, and intestines (肠). These 3D printed organ models are essential for medical researches, such as testing medical equipment and demonstrating surgeries. Compared to live organs and animal models, they are also ethically (伦理上) acceptable since they are printed artificially. They can help researchers develop new treatments more efficiently, due to their lower relative cost, commented the Alliance of Advanced Biomedical Engineering website. However, this method is still developing, and experts are hoping it will be used in the medical field within a decade, according to CNN.
1. What was the main challenge in printing human organs?| A．The complexity of human organs. | B．The various textures of human organs. |
| C．The difficulty in creating proper materials. | D．The lack of appropriate printing technology. |
| A．By controlling the number of metallic elements. |
| B．By using light-curing technology before printing. |
| C．By solidifying the gel immediately after printing. |
| D．By putting a special lamp on the printing machine. |
| A．This technology is still in the period of theory. |
| B．3D printed organs are of great medical significance. |
| C．The printed organs are more effective in the treatment. |
| D．Live organs and animal models are more acceptable ethically. |
| A．The Power of 3D Printing | B．Printing the Body Parts |
| C．Revolutionary Technology | D．Finding New Materials for Organs |
【推荐1】Create a Post-pandemic Life Full of Connection
This year, much of the advice dealt with how to strengthen social lives still in rebuilding mode after the pandemic. People are thinking about how to reconnect with loved ones and broaden shrunken social circles. They are also figuring out how to hold on to relationship lessons learned over the past few years: to slow down and pay attention to what really matters.
1.Invite people over
Many of us are eager to continue to reconnect with people we’ve missed. But parties can be exhausting and impersonal, and restaurants are often loud, rushed and expensive.
2.Pick up the phone
This one hits on one of my favorites — how no one picks up the phone anymore, either to make a call or answer one. You can make an effort to call family members, friends and cherished colleagues on their birthdays, anniversaries and other significant days.
3.Try something new
A lot of the focus on rebuilding our bonds these days is on the people we love.
| A．That’s why you can invite friends to your home. |
| B．Couples can look for novel things to do together. |
| C．But let’s not forget our nearest and dearest relationships. |
| D．Other pieces of advice on how to strengthen our bonds stood out. |
| E．When exploring something new, the conversations are energizing. |
| F．Many of your calls are to show support and to reach out to friends. |
| G．Genuine friendship is more than just a ‘like’ on their Facebook page. |
【推荐2】Some people make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel you are already close friends. They are always good talkers.
Here are several skills that good talkers have in common. If you follow the skills, they’ll help you put people at their ease, and make friends with them quickly.
First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. One well-known businesswoman says, “At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning.
Real listening at least means some things. If someone sticks to one topic, you can take it as a fact that he’s really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to tones of voice.
Finally, good talkers know well how to “say goodbye”. If you’re saying goodbye, you may give him a firm handshake and say, “I’ve really enjoyed meeting you.”
| A．You can become a popular person. |
| B．Common as the question is, it will get things going. |
| C．Don’t be afraid to say so if you want to see that person again. |
| D．You’d better change the subject if the voice sounds dull. |
| E．It’s polite to listen to others with a smile. |
| F．And how he answers will let you know how far you can go. |
| G．These people have something in common. |
【推荐3】At times, talking to kids can feel like learning a foreign language. Unfortunately, there’s no handy phrasebook or translation app that can make you sound friendly, encouraging, and firm all at the same time. Don’t worry.
Sit or kneel at their level
Lowering yourself makes you a lot more approachable. Even if you’re keeping things light and friendly, a child might feel threatened if you’re towering over them. Instead, grab a seat or take a knee near the child, so they don’t have to look up at you.
Kids love talking about their interests and preferences. As far as conversations go, asking about favorites is a pretty safe go-to topic. You might ask about their favorite singer, or what TV shows they like to watch.
Ask for help or advice
| A．Develop common interests. |
| B．Chat about relatable topics. |
| C．Children love to solve “adult” problems. |
| D．This can help take the edge off your conversation. |
| E．We’ve put together plenty of conversational tips and tricks. |
| F．Additionally, favorite colors are another safe and comfortable topic. |
| G．You could even ask about their favorite animals, or compare favorite pets. |
